ENGG1050 Problem Set 4: 1st Law for closed systems

Solutions
1.

2. Warmer. Because energy is added to the room air in the form of electrical work.
3.

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4.

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5.

6.

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7.

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9.

10. Vacuum Bazooka

State 1: V1 = 0 State 2: V2 = ?
Z1 = 0 Z2 = 0

Assump: T1 ≈ T2 P = Patm P=0

Nett force on ball = Ap.(Patm - 0)

Work done of ball = F.x
(Similar to moving boundary work) = Ap.Patm.x.

(0.1m) 2 .π
i.e. (− w) = × 101kPa × 2m
4
= 1.59kJ

1st Law:

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 Q/ − W = ∆/u + ∆KE + ∆P/ E
m
− w = (V22 − V/12 )
2
2 ⎡1000 g/ ⎤ ⎡1m 2 s − 2 ⎤ ⎡1000 J/ ⎤
V22 = × 1.59kJ/ ⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥⎢ ⎥
100 g/ ⎣ 1kg/ ⎦ ⎣⎢ 1J/ 1kg/ ⎦⎥ ⎣ 1kJ/ ⎦
V2 = 178ms −1

Important assumptions:
- No friction or heat transfer
- No change in temperature of ball
- Perfect seal between ball and tube

11.

System: water + metal

Assumptions: no evaporation of water

no heat transfer to surroundings
neglect (small) moving boundary
work due to expansion/contraction
Cwater ≈ const.; Cmetal ≈ const.

Q/ − W/ = U 2 − U1 + ∆K/ E + ∆P/ E
1st Law:
U 2 = U1

⇒ U 2W + U 2 M = U1W + U1M

⇒ (U 2 − U1 )W = (U1 − U 2 ) M

M/ W .CW .(T2 − 16o C ) = M M .CM (100o C − T2 )

MW (T − 16o C )
CM = .CW . 2 o
⇒ MM (100 C − T2 ) (1)
CW = 4168 J / kgK

e.g. Aluminium: M/ W = 0.05kg ; M M = 0.075kg ; T2 = 30o C

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 sub. in (1) ⇒ CAl = 470 J/kgK

Repeat for steel, lead.

NB: For liquids and solids C P ≈ CV = C

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