Students: Monica Cespedes

Luis Pulido
Brandon Rincón
 Wood is a material of a
certain elasticity that is
found in the trunk of trees.
As the growth of these
Description of plant species develops
the wood. through the formation of
concentric rings, it is
possible to distinguish
several strata in the wood.
 ● Wood is thermal and electrical
insulation.
● It is a good conductor of
acoustic sound.
● It is a renewable, biodegradable
Main features. ●
and recyclable material.
It is ductile, malleable and
tenacious.
Origin of Wood
 Obtaining
wood

1.Logging: From trees in

forests or crops

2. pruning: Cut to branches
3. transport: From the logs,
whether by road, rail, or water to
your destination
4. Debarking: The bark of the
trunk is removed
5. Cutting: The logs are cut
into pieces, according to the
desired length, with circular
saws. The pieces are then cut
into planks or boards of
certain measures.
6. Drying: wood dries to a
greater or lesser degree
depending on the type of
post-employment. It can
be natural or artificial
 Uses of wood ● For the construction of the
houses: Beams, doors,
The main applications of wood windows, floors.
are the following :
● Like biofuel.
● For the obtaining of derivative
products : paper and cardboard
Importance the The wood to have certain

wood
properties as light, resistant and
recyclable make ideal as a
fundamental pillar of the
construction industry.
Physical and
chemical
composition
Chemical composition

the wood is constituted by the following elementos

- Carbon 50%
- oxygen 42%
-Hydrogen 6%
-Nitrogen 1%
-Cenizas 1%
With smaller amounts of potassium, sodium, calcium, silicon and
other elements.
The composition of these elements generate the following components of
the wood

• Cellulose (40%)
Provides mechanical resistance to fiber
• Hemicellulose (25-30%)
Provides elasticity to the cell wall and fibers
• Lignin (25-30%)
Keeps fibers together and regulates moisture content.
• Resins, fatty acids, etc. (5%)
Color and smell of wood
● Cellulose; Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide in plants because it is
part of supporting tissues. The wall of a young plant cell contains
approximately 40% cellulose; wood 50%, while the purest example of
cellulose is cotton with a percentage greater than 90%.

● Lignin; Lignin is a polymer present in the cell walls of organisms of the

Plantae kingdom and also in the Dinophytas of the Chromalveolata
kingdom. The word lignin comes from the Latin term lignum, which
means 'wood'; thus, plants that contain a large amount of lignin are
called woody. Lignin is responsible for thickening the stem.
Physical properties depend on:

- Increase

- Age

- Content of humidity

- Classes of the land

- Different parts of the trunk

Physical.

● APPARENT SPECIFIC WEIGHT: It is the relation between the weight of the

wood and its volume. In all cases the moisture content must be clarified.
● HUMIDITY: It refers to the water content of wood that is presented in three
ways: Free - Imbibition - Constitution. The moisture content influences the
physical and mechanical properties of the wood.
● CONTRACTION OR INFLAMMATION: Refers to the movement of the wood
when it reduces or increases its size, by decreasing or increasing the
moisture content below the saturation point of the fibers.
● THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY: The thermal conductivity of wood is
directly proportional to moisture content and density. The amount of
heat conducted by the wood varies with the direction of the fiber, the
specific weight, the presence of knots and cracks. Dry wood is a good
thermal insulator.

● ACUSTICITY: This property is intimately related to the fibrovascular

structure of the wood, its elastoplastic nature and its density. The
wood presents good capacity to absorb sounds.
Types of Wood

There Are numerous classifications of wood. THE internal structure of the wood
is what determines the types of logs and the posterior form of use. Among the
different types of wood we classify them according to their hardness in relation
to the specific weight of the same.

In this way the woods can be divided into two large groups of hardwoods and
Softwoods.
 Hardwood

Hardwoods: Species:

- Oak.
Hardwoods come from - Encina.
slow-growing, - Brown.
- Walnut.
deciduous trees. Its
- Olive.
slow growth makes the
among others.
wood more dense and
resistant, but also
makes it more scarce
and expensive. They Are
Wood used for special
works for their high
quality and cost.
 SoftWood
Softwoods: Species:

- Pine.
It Is extracted from
- Poplar.
fast-growing trees, this
- Fir.
makes them easier to obtain - Birch.
and more economical. But Among others.
They are also lower quality
woods, with various
problems such as being less
resistant to changes in
climate or insects, not so
visually eye-catching and
many knots.
Artificial Woods: Most common artificial Woods:

- Plywood
They Are Those wood made by - Agglomerates
man, taking as raw material - Medium density Boards, MDF
remains of natural woods. They
are Usually made in the form of
boards.

There Are Numerous types and

with added features, such as
moisture resistance and even
washable surfaces.
 Structural lumber

Woodworking products
In this section, only possible uses of
the wood used directly in its sawed ● Doors
and brushed format are considered. ● Windows
● Coatings
Structural elements ● Facades
● Partitions
● Joists, belts,
● Pergolas
structural applications
● Entrevigado
● Manufacture of double T beams,
on the wings.
● Load structures
● Stairs
● Family homes
● Prefabricated houses
● Boats
● Wagons
● Special packaging
Classes of woods used

● Immunized Wood
● Wood Rolliza
● Laminated wood
● Machembry wood
● Solid Boards
 METLA Forest Research Center
Architects: SARC Architects

Location: Joensuu, Finland

Category: Research Center

Owner of the building: Senaatti-kiinteistöt

User: The Finnish Forest Research Institute,

Joensuu Forestry Research Institute

Construction consultant: ISS Proko Oy

Area: 7650.0 m2 (Engel Rakennuttamispalvelut Oy)
Year of the project: 2004
- The main objective of the
construction project was
to use Finnish wood in an
innovative way.

- A flexible column beam

system was created for
the building in a 7.2 m
module.
For the structure and
construction
technology, 1.2 m
modules have been
prepared for flexible
conversion. This
solution makes it
possible to move
partitions and even
change the facade.
Bibliography.

● http://132.248.9.195/ptd2013/enero/0688067/0688067_A6.pdf
● https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madera#Composici%C3%B3n_qu%C3%AD
mica_de_la_madera
● https://eva.udelar.edu.uy/pluginfile.php/893950/mod_resource/content/
1/Preservaci%C3%B3n%20y%20deterioro%20de%20la%20madera_Ing.%20
Q.%20Marcela%20Ib%C3%A1%C3%B1ez.pdf
● https://sites.google.com/site/tecnologiadelamadera/propiedades-fisicas
Thank you