Assignment 6:

The role of motivation in language acquisition and learning

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in SEE 3 – Principles and Theories of language

Acquisition and Learning

Submitted by:
Razel A. Francisco
Student

Submitted to:
Mr. Reynaldo J. Ilumin
Subject Teacher

2nd Semester SY 2018 - 2019

 Knowing our L1 is important. It will help us to learn another language or our L2. Using the
language, it will help us to communicate enough. But what if theres a big differences to our L1
and L2? Can our L1 will not be a hindrance in learning our L2? Can we still use our L1 in
acquiring the L2? The problem is that, we learned our L1 in a natural way. We learned it
unconsciously, not minding the correct grammar rules and vocabularies. Also in L1, we learned
the language at a young age, in which our brain can function and absorb rapidly. And the L1 also
is the first language that we've learned without previous experience that is why the L1 is native.
On the other hand, the L2 is learned in a formal way. We learned it consciously and we
intentionally memorize and learn the grammatical rules. While we learned the L1 at a young age,
the L2 is learned in older age and sometimes, for older it is a must that we commit errors lesser,
unlike in a child who doesn't mind the errors, mature people tends to feel conscious about their
mistakes. And in learning the L2, memorising is not a big help. It will not help the student to
communicate effectively because memorization is temporary and thats make the student stutter
because the thoughts that the students have is being mixed with other memory he had. And that is
what we called Language Interference. The positive and negative effect in acquiring the second
language. It is happen when there's a hindrance in second language acquisition. Although all of
us, do have a potential, we do experience some difficulties in learning and acquiring the second
language. And that is what we are going to discuss, the potential that everyone of us have. The
innate capacity of a learner in L1 that will help in learning and acquiring the L2, insert Universal
Grammar (UG).

Now, what is Universal Grammar or UG in short? Universal Grammar states that all
children are born with an innate ability to acquire, develop, and understand language. This make
sense why children easily adopted and be fluent in language during their first few years of their
life, which is the L1. The lerners during their younger years starts learning sounds first then
vocabularies and lastly the grammar, which is different when the older learner learned first the
vocabularies then sounds and grammar. The routine which they've learned the language is way
different to each other. Which will affect in language acquisition. For example, a mother who is
teaching her child to say "Mama". The child will learn first the sounds and try to immitate how
her mother say those words by uttering sounds like "Mmma...Mmmm...mah.. ". And later on,
learned to say the word "Uhm... Mamaaa..." then after few weeks, he will now learn how to use
the word "Mama" in a sentence. This shows how the child became fluent during his younger
years. It only proves that the child has an innate capacity because he has no previous experience
to any languages and still manage to learned and be fluent to his native language. We are not a
blank slate as what they've stated, cause we do have an innate capacity that interact with our
brain cell which makes the younger learner learn and acquire rapidly the language at a young
age. While the older learned the language by learning first the word then how will he pronounced
the word he've learned and use it in a sentence. The older learned first the word before the
fluency while the child learned the fluency first before learning the correct grammar. This shows
why a learner have difficulty in learning the L2 while they can easily learned the L1. It is
because, in L1 we do have inborn capacity that helps us acquire the language, but sometimes the
knowledge we have in L1 interfere to the language we are learning which is the L2. This is one
of the disadvantages of Universal Grammar. The L1 helps but often not. The nativeness we have
interfere with the upcomming of new language. Although, we do have a potential in learning a
language and be fluent, our L1 sometimes become a hindrance in acquiring our L2. Especially, if
theres a big gap between our L1 and L2. And the insisting of what we've learned in L1 cause a
delay of our fluency in L2. Example of that is the usage of our native languge in L2 which is
very wrong. It will not help in our fluency because rather than using the language of L2 for us to
addopt the language, we keep on using the L1. It doesn't make us practice the languge we are
learning. Nonetheless, we do have an innate capacity, no question to that, which helps us easily
acquire our L1. Although, sometimes it give us difficulty in acquiring L2, it does not change the
fact that the only basis for us to learn the L2 is no other than our L1. The knowledge we have in
L1 makes us understand our L2. The foundation is already in us, we just need to broaden and
make use of that in order for us to learn and acquire our L2.

Overall, I agree to the Theory of Universal Grammar. I believe that all of us have an innate
capacity to learn and acquire our L1. The proofs are just in our childhood days. The way we
learned and adopted our L1without previous experience yet manage to be fluent is a big evidence
of Universal Grammar. A toddler that is born innocent manage to acquire the L1 unconsciously
proves that we do have an innate capacity unlike in older learner who have previous experiences
takes a hard time acquiring the L2. This shows that indeed we are born with innateness in
language .
 Assignment 4:

You will make a reaction that presents your agreement or disagreement about Universal
Grammar of Noam Chomsky

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in SEE 3 – Principles and Theories of language

Acquisition and Learning

Submitted by:
Razel A. Francisco
Student

Submitted to:
Mr. Reynaldo J. Ilumin
Subject Teacher

2nd Semester SY 2018 - 2019

 Active class is one of the goals of a teacher. An active class help the teacher know what's
the student’s thoughts and ideas that needs to improve. Also, it helps the teacher know whether
the class are listening and gets what he is pointing about. And a student who participate in class
lets the teacher learn and know what was his lack and sufficiency in teaching the student. Thats
why it is important for the class to be active because there is a lot of positive outcomes that will
help the teacher be better on what he is currently doing to learn his learners. And in learning a
language, the teacher will be the provider of impormation of the student. And a teacher who
improve his teaching through active participation of the class helps him provide a good quality of
learning and make an excellent students. For that to happen, the active class, teachers need
strategies. And one of those are motivation, which is very important in the class. Motivating the
student increase their participation and at the same time, increase their knowledge.

There are two types of motivation that will help the students learn in the learning process.
The Intrinsic Motivation and Extrinsic Motivation. The Intrinsic motivation is long-lasting. It can
sustain the effort of the student in learning a language and mark in the mind and heart of the
student for the long period of time. One of the example of intrinsic motivation are saying good
words to the student like, "You're good in english, keep it up", " You do well in class, It makes
me proud", "The test are going to be difficult, but I know that you can make it class. I belive in
you, guys". Those are some of the example of intrinsic motivation that will make the student
perform with cheerfulness in class. The intrinsic motivation gives intangible things to the
students that will surely gives an impact of warmth that will pierce through their heart.

Another one, the Extrinsic Motivation. This gives the students a tangible rewards for them
to be motivated in class. Sometimes, giving the student a reward makes them more active in class
and be more competent with others. Example of extrinsic motivation are rewards that are given
to the students for them to participate in class like grades. Students mostly engage themselves if
there's a plus in their quizes or exam that will surely increase their grades. This type of reward
make them boosted their self, because there is a reward or punishment thay awaits if they
succeed or fail in school. The reason of some of the students let them do what they do in class to
get a higher grades that sometimes do not help them in learning. Because after achieving whats
their purpose, they will sometimes forget and left what they've learned in class. This is one of the
disadvantages of extrinsic motivation, It does not last long unlike in intrinsic motivation. But
despite of it, the extrinsic motivation make students more active than intrinsic motivation. Even
though, the two types of motivation helps the student learn and be active in class that help them
increase more knowledge about the language they are learning. Despite of the differences
between Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation, they do have one common goal, and that is to make
the class more active.

To sum it all, giving the students a motivation to learn is important. It helps them to be more
competent and engage themselves in class. Giving them a motivation helps them be motivated in
learning. Especially in learning another language, it helps the student to participate in class and
lessen the feeling of anxiety. The motivation fights the anxiety of the class so the learning is
attainable. Also, motivating the student helps them gain their confidence and let them express
what's on their mind. The rewards that are given to them make the students more active in class
and increase their knowledge about a language. Also, participating helps them be fluent to the
language they are learning. That's why the role of motivation is very important cause it increase
the level of participation in class and at the same time increasing the information of the student
and also make the student embrace the language.
 Assignment 7:

The Role of Formal Instruction in SLA through:

A. Providing students with examples and letting students discover ‘rules’ for

themselves.

B. Providing students with examples and explaining the ‘rules'.

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in SEE 3 – Principles and Theories of language

Acquisition and Learning

Submitted by:
Razel A. Francisco
Student

Submitted to:
Mr. Reynaldo J. Ilumin
Subject Teacher

2nd Semester SY 2018 – 2019

The new curriculum today let the students be more active in the class and discover new ideas. It
helps them work on their thinking skills and broaden the way they view things on their own
understanding. It helps them increase the knowledge they already have. The students in
traditional curriculum have only few activies that let them apply their thoughts very limit which
cause them to participate lesser in class which is needed especially in acquiring a new language.
We all know that in language acquisition the best way to acquire the language is through
practice. Even in younger learners, they are using their native language in every situation that's
why they are very fluent, while the older learner, they are only using the language they are
learning during the class. Which is wrong, because second language acquisition is a habit.

We all know that it is hard to learn another language especially the learners who is just starting to
learn their L2. Also the learner have some difficulty in acquiring the L2, especially when their L1
and L2 are way too different to each other and keep on insisting what the ’ve learned in L1 then
apply it on L2. The rules that the two languages have, makes the students confused and makes
them alternate the rules of L1 and L2. Which makes them sustained the acquisition of the second
language. And as for me, as a learner, the best instruction for Second Language Acquisition
(SLA) is through providing students with examples and letting students discover ‘rules’ for
themselves. With the guide of the teacher, students will have a lot of participation in class. Some
of the teachers provide a brief explanation about the topic, then group the students and let them
provide more information about the topic. After that, the teacher will let his student present what
they've gather and discuss it to the class with their own understanding. This is one of the
activities that always happened in an active class. This form of instruction helps the students
show their potential. It also lets the students use the language they are learning which let them
familiarize theirselves in L2. Letting them use the language in every situation gives them the
benefits to be fluent in L2.

Also, if the teacher lets the students discover ‘rules’ on their own, there’s a big possibility that
they can acquire language unconsciously. Like how the younger learner acquire their L1, they
discover and learned the ‘rule’ on their own that will help them be fluent to L2. Le tting them
discover the pronunciation and emphasis of the L2 on their own understanding helps them
addopt the rules without knowing it, just like in the L1. And if we do apply that to students of L2,
letting them discover things on their own cause them to acquire the L2. Also, discovering and
understanding on their own added to their confidence. Because student’s thoughts should be like
this, "It is okay, it is my own understanding, theres nothing wrong with that, It is my opinion."
Adding fuel to their confidence makes them engage themselves in the classroom which will
make them use the language they are learning in class. This will help them communicate
fluently in their class using the L2.

In givinng examples and letting the students discover the 'rule' on their own can help them
employ their capability in assessing new information about the language. Assessing make them
think deeper and dig deeper about the language rules. We do know that every language have
different 'rules' and letting them discover make their self charecterize each rules' that a language
have. Letting that happen to a students give them a chance to know and understand what that
'rules' for. For example, the pronounciation of every words, there are some words that have the
same spelling but differ in prounciations and also differ in meanings. Discovering the rules for
themselves help them distinguish the differences of each words. And understanding makes the
rules really mark in their mind. It will last for a long period of time. We do noticed how children
acquire their L1, and that is through their own discoveries and understanding of the words. And
each words that a child learned are being acquired easily beacuse it is their own understanding.
There is no such rules when they acquire. The language that is being taugh to them are just being
memorize but the language that is being learned by their own are being acquire easily. This only
means that the language that you understand on your own really mark on yourself. This shows
that the discovering and understanding of the students on the rules of language make them easily
acquire and thats also goes if the learner of L2 discover on their own rather than being taugh
because it only make them just do memorizing.

The easy way for a student to acquire language is through training. It will help them be fluent in
L2 if they use the language in a conversational way. Like practicing in the classroom and
applying the language in communicating in class. The acquiring of the child in L1 can happen in
adult learner also if they have the same strategies. L1 is acquire in childhood stage and L2 is
learned in adult stage. The adult learner can also acquire the language just like the child even in
their older age. They just need to learn the rules on their own and fluency will be attainable. Just
like how a child discover it by himself, adult learner needs to discover it by himself. Discoveting
the rules help them practice the lanfuage. But The problem is, the L2 is being teach to them
rather than knowing the rules for themrself. They only assess what is being taugh to them rather
than discovering it by themselves. They need to discover the rules by their own. Cause
discovering helps the learners understand and educate themselves about the rule. Knowing it by
yourself makes you say these things like, "So this is how to pronounce it, now I know. ", They
have different meanings, I'll keep that in mind. " As they acess the language, they are creating
their understanding and keep that in mind. So as they communicate they have this mental note
that" this is how the word should pronounce until they can addopt the rules without minding
themselves.

In SLA, Teachers will be the one to guide their students in discovering rules in language. They
are there to give brief examples and brief discussion. They will be the one who will correct the
students when their knowledge about the language rules are wrong. So, students don ’t need to
worry about their mistakes or wrong ideas because there is nothing wrong in making mistakes.
Atleast the students are trying to understand and learned on their own. Trying makes them
perfect and thats goes also in second language acquisition. Trying to use the language of L2
makes them perfect as the students make practice to it. Also, students must not be afraid to
commit errors cause teachers are there to correct them. It is sometimes the problem to the
students, their mistkes keep them from participating in class when in fact there is nothing wrong
in giving your own ideas. In a classroom, your ideas are always important to the teachers, also
important for the learners. Giving their ideas make them speak what they have in mind at the
same time gives the learner the chance to express her ideas using the L2. Which help them
practice the language. Practice is what helps the learners to acquire the L2 for effective
communicatuon.

The formal instruction is one of the key in teaching the L2. In a class that lets the student mold
their understandingwhen it comes to the rules of the L2 which helps them widen their knowledge
about the rules in L2. Letting them discover it by their own just like how the child learned it by
herself makes the adult acquire the L2 just how they acquire the L1. Letting them discover the
rules makes them addopt the language unconsciously. Because as they understand the rules, they
also insert it in their mind and analze what the've found and put it in their mind. We all know that
we remember the things that we understand and that also goes with L2 rules, if the learner
understand the rules, especially with their own knowledge, they will keep it to theirself and be
their guide SLA.

To sum it all, as a learner, for me, providing students with some rules and letting them discover
the rules of the L2 helps them in SLA. Cause we do remember the things that we understand and
that also goes with our L2. We will remember the rules if we really understand it. Also
understanding what you discover as a laerner boost your confidence in participating, especially
when you do have the same view with your teacher. And in acquiring the SLA, you need to do it
as a practice and a habit just like children in their L1. They always use the L1 i every situations
that makes them be fluent. As a learner, giving practice and communicate in class also help in
addopting the L2. And for us second language learner, as we discover and understand the rules,
we apply and make use to our L2 for us to be fluent.

Assignment 5:

Arguments: 1. “ ‘ Learning’ can become acquisition.”

2. “Children acquire, while adults only learn is wrong.”

This is a battle of ideas between Krashen and Gregg. Make a position on their arguments.
 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in SEE 3 – Principles and Theories of language
Acquisition and Learning

Submitted by:
Razel A. Francisco
Student

Submitted to:
Mr. Reynaldo J. Ilumin
Subject Teacher

2nd Semester SY 2018 – 2019

Learning and acquisition are different. Learning is conscious while Acquiring is unconscious. The conscious learning
happens in adult stage while the unconscious learning happens in childhood days. The L1 which we acquire during
our younger years and the L2 which we learned during our adult days. Also, in acquisition, we are used to speak the
native language while in L2, the languge is foreign to us and being teach in a formal waway.

In Krashen's Theory of Second Language Acquisition, It consists of five hypothesis. 1)The Acquisition-Learning
hypothesis; 2) the Monitor hypothesis; 3) the Natural Order hypothesis; 4) the Input hypothesis; and 5) the
Affective Filter hypothesis. This five hypothesis contains different explanation on how the learner will acquire
second languge. First, the acquisition - learning hypothesis, according to this hypothesis, there are two
independent systems of second language performance which is the acquired system and the learned system. In
acquired system, learners acquire language through their subconscious just how the children acquire their native
language. The acquired system is natural. While learned system, it is said as the prodect of formal instruction and
conscious knowledge about the languge. Second, the Monitor Hypothesis or the 'editor', in this hypothesis, as the
learner speak, he is monitoring himself and edit his mistake and correct it. As the learner speaks he is aleady
editing what comes from his mouth. Also in monitor hypothesis, there is variation among language speakers. The
Overuser who uses the monitor always, The underuser, who don't use their proper knowledge, and the optimal
users who use monitor appropriately. According to Krashen, learners should be in optimaluser, not too overuser
and not too underuser. Third, the Natural-hypothesis, this follow a natural-oder, according to Krashen, in a certain
language, the sentence structure are acquired sometimes early and sometimes late. Fourth, the Input Hypothesis,
it was said that, in teaching the students, teacher should consider the base line of the learner. The teaching
instructions should be align to the learners capacity. And the last hypothesis which is the Affective Filter, in affective
filter there iare variable that needs to be consider in acquiring a language. These are, motivation, self-confidence
and anxiety. According to Krashen if theres high level of motivation, self-confidence, and low level of anxiety helps
the student to acquire the language easily. But if there's a low level of motivation, low level of self-confidence ang
high level of anxiety, acquiring the language would not be possible. Additionaly, t Krashen said that acquiring is only
possible if the learner is ibterested to the subject and if the target language is being use in class as a medium of
instruction.

The theory of Krashen show that even adult learner can also acquire the language. By using the
method on how child acquire the L1. For Krashen, learners can acquire language if they are
interested in the subjects and make the language as a medium of instruction. He believed that
acquiring a language is through communicative way. Learner will acquire the language if they
can use it in every situations. He believes that learning acquire if they are practicing the language
through communicating in class. Through ppractice In Greggs view, he disagree with Krahens
Theory of Second Language acquisition. He have a lot of critics on Krashens theory. He believed
that whats Krashen's saying on his theory have no enough evidences. And also on Greggs theory
he believes that the child only acquire while adults are only learning.

As for me, not only the child can acquire language but also adult can. There a lot of people who
acquire the L2 and become uccessful today. I believe that also adult can acquire langugae
through engaging themself in a communicative way. Child acquire because they can make
theirself discover language on their own which can also do by an adult learner. Giving them a
chance to participate in class always can make theirself be fluent to the language they are
learning. Example of that is a successful teacher, we all know that teacher would not be
successful if he/she didn't engage theirself in L2. Also, not because child acquire languge rapidly
can means that adult learners are also rapid in acquiring the L2. They differ on stage that they
acquire languages so it is a not necessary for an adult learner to acquire language in aver fast
way. Although, adult can't acquire languages as fast as the child does, it does not mean thatadult
learner cant acquire language. As for me, everyone can acquire language by just maiing it a habit
and continuous practice. Beacause practice makes the learner perfect.

Overall,despite the age, gender and status, all of us can learn and acquire any languge that we
want to acquire. Especially if you are really interested in that subject, it helps be motivated in
acquiring the languge. Also giving yourself a practice can make you communicate effectively in
language acquisition. Just like what Krashen are saying, natural way of acquiring the language
which is communicative way can really help a learner easily acquire a lnguage.

Assignment 5:

A Comparative Study Of Two Languages Between Ilokano And Kapampangan

 In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in SEE 3 – Principles and Theories of language
Acquisition and Learning

Submitted by:
Razel A. Francisco
Student

Submitted to:
Mr. Reynaldo J. Ilumin
Subject Teacher

2nd Semester SY 2018 – 2019

All languages have different sentence structure. The Kapampangan is one of the languages that is
spoken in the province of Pampanga. While the original Ilocano homeland is in Northwest Luzon
(the provinces of Ilocos Norte, Ilocos Sur, Abra, and La Union). The two languages are one of
the most spoken languages in Phillipines. But although they are both spoken by Filipino people,
the two languages is spoken by different group and they both have their own rules in sentence
structure.
The Ilocano are dialect that is being use by Indigenous people of