FOREST FIRE DETECTION SYSTEM

T. E. Information Technology

By

Rhea Dsouza 23
Komal Annaldas 32
Delisa Corriea 33

Mentor:

Ms. Mrinmoyee Mukherji

Designation

Department of Information Technology

St. Francis Institute of Technology
(Engineering College)

University of Mumbai
2018-2019

Index

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 Sr Content Page no
no.
1. Introduction

2. Literature Review

3. Problem statement

4. System Requirements

5. System Design

6. References

List of Figures

Sr no. Name of Figure Page no.

1. System design of model

List of Table
Sr. no Name of Table Page no.

1. Cost of requirements

Mini Project Approval Certificate

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This Mini-project proposal Forest Fire Detection for the subject of Sensor
Networks Lab by Rhea Dsouza, Komal Annaldas and Delisa Correia is approved
and they must complete the mini-project in all respects by 5th April 2019.

Mini Project Approval Panel

1.---------------------------------------------

2.---------------------------------------------

______________________

(Head of the Department)

Date:

Place:

Introduction

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 In recent years, the prevention and monitoring of Forest Fires has become a global concern in
Forest Fire prevention organizations. At present, traditional forest fire monitoring measures
include ground patrolling, watching tower, aerial patrolling, long-distance video monitoring
and satellite monitoring and so forth. The Existing Conventional forest monitoring system has
the basic issues of limited application unsatisfied monitoring results, financial, material and
labor resources.The fire disaster not only causes property losses, but also damages a variety of
resources such as forest resources. This project presents the prototype of a system for detection
of any uncontrolled anthropogenic activities, smoke and fires in forests using sensors.A cluster-
based wireless sensor network paradigm for forest fire real-time detection.
The data from the sensors is processed in the microcontroller and is transmitted to the receiver
unit through Zigbee network. The abnormalities alert the receiver unit .

Problem Statement

The proposed project aims at developing a prototype of a system for detection of

any uncontrolled smoke or fires in forests using sensors. The data from the
sensors is processed in the microcontroller and is transmitted to the receiver unit
through Zigbee network.This prototype is designed and developed in an effort to
improve the security level for valuable trees which have high demand in market

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 like teak, Sandalwood, etc.

Literature Review

Sr no Author name Title Year Definition

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1 Stipanicev D., Vuko T., Forest Fire 2006 This paper
Krstinic D., Stula M., Protection by describes the main
Bodrozic L Advanced Video idea behind the
Detection Croatian system
System- IPNAS and
Croatian discusses our
Experiences experiences during
its field tests period
in 2005 and 2006

2 Losso A., Corgnati L., Early Forest 2009 This paper presents an
embedded wireless
Perona G. Fire Detection: sensor network (WSN)
Smoke prototype system for
Identification temperature monitoring
in a building.Each WSN
through
node consists of a
innovative microcontroller on
Image Arduino board and an
Processing using Xbee wireless
communication
Commercial
module.The system
Sensors provides a web user
interface for any user to
access the current and
past temperature readings
in different rooms.

3 Kovacs R., Kiss B., Early Forest Fire 2004 This paper proposes that
each sensor node is
Nagy A., Vamos R. Detection developed from an
System For Arduino based
Vegetable Fire microcontroller, Xbee
in the Aggtelek wireless module based on
ZigBee/IEEE 802.15.4
National Park standards, and
temperature and humidity
sensor devices.

4 Harjinder Singh Forest Fire 2016 This paper

Detection using highlights the
Wireless Sensor powerful feature of
wireless sensors for
forest fire detection.
The sensor data is
collected using
Arduino

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 development board
and transmitted to
base station
wirelessly. Also an
alert is send using
GSM module.

5 M. Y. Hariyawan1, A. Wireless Sensor 2013 In this paper author

Gunawan 2, E. H. Network for designed a system of
Putra*3 Forest Fire forest fire detection
Detection system by adopting
the Wireless Sensor
Network (WSN)
using multiple
sensor nodes. Each
sensor node has a
microcontroller,
transmitter/receiver
and three sensors

System Design

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 Fig 1. Block diagram of Forest Fire Detection

System Requirements

1.Software Requirements:

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1.1 Arduino IDE The open-source Arduino Software (IDE) makes it easy to write code and
upload it to the board. It runs on Windows, Mac OS X, and Linux. The environment is written
in Java and based on Processing and other open-source software. Version: ARDUINO 1.8.9

1.2 XCTU- XCTU Terminal 6.3.8 : One can manage and configure multiple RF devices,even
remotely (over-the-air) connected devices. the firmware updates process seamlessly restore
your module settings, automatically handling mode and baud rate changes.

2.Hardware Requirements:

2.1 Arduino UNO This Project uses Arduino UNO board which is based on ATmega328.
The features are 5V operating Voltage, 7-12V input Voltage, 32-bit Flash Memory, 2KB
SRAM, 1KB EEPROM, Clock Speed: 16 MHz [4]

2.2 Zigbee Module Frequency: 2.4 GHz,Data Rate: 20 kbps to 250 kbps,Range: 10 to 100
meters (line of sight)

2.3 Flame sensor The Flame Sensor is used for detecting fire without any fire-protection
for itself, please keep distance from the fire to avoid damage.Spectrum range: 760nm ~ 1100nm
Detection angle: 0 - 60 degree Power: 3.3V ~ 5.3V Operating temperature: -25℃ ~ 85℃

2.4 Gas and Smoke Sensor The smoke sensor used in this project is MQ-2 sensor which
is sensitive for methane, butane and LPG. The sensor is also sensitive for flammable and
combustible gases. The principle of MQ-2 sensor is that when gas interacts with the sensor it
is first ionized into its constituents and is then absorbed by sensing element. This absorption
creates potential difference on the element which is conveyed to the processor unit through
output pin in the form of current

2.5 Connecting Wires

2.6 Breadboard

Component Quantity Cost (Rs.)

2 1600
Arduino Uno

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 1 150
Flame Sensor

Gas and Smoke sensor 1 130

Zigbee Module 2 2400

Total 4280

Table 1. Cost of requirements

References

[1] Guozhu Wang ; Junguo Zhang ; Wenbin Li ; Dongxu Cui ; Ye Jing,”A forest fire monitoring
system based on GPRS and ZigBee wireless sensor network”,2010 5th IEEE Conference on
Industrial Electronics and Applications, 2010

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[2 ]yingli zhu;linggin xie;tingting yuan,”Monitoring system for forest fire based on wireless
sensor network”Proceedings of the 10th World Congress on Intelligent Control and
Automation, on 2012

[3] Burak Karaduman ;Moharram Challenqer; Raheleh Eslampanah,” A cloud and a contiklii
based fire detection system using multi -hoop wireless sensor networks”, ICEMIS '18
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Engineering & MIS 2018 ,2018

[4] Ho-Woong Choi1; In-Kyu Min2;Eui-Seok Oh3 ; Dong-Ho Park4, “A study on the
algorithm for fire recognition for automatic forest fire detection the International Conference
on Control, Automation and Systems 2010”,International Conference on Control, Automation
and Systems, 2010

[5] M. Y. Hariyawan1, A. Gunawan 2, E. H. Putra*3 ,”Wireless Sensor Network for Forest

Fire Detection ”,TELKOMNIKA, Vol.11, No.3, pp. 563~574,September 2013 .

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