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A Design of Rectangular Patch Antenna with Fractal Slots for

Multiband Applications
Angamarca Stalin, Mena Duval, Peréz Kevin, Guzmán Marcelo
Informatic and Electronic School
Electronic, Telecomunications and Networks Engineering
Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo
Riobamba, Ecuador

ABSTRACT- The design of rectangular patch an- This project is based on antenna transmitting
tenna with fractal slots is presented in this paper. patch, which was modified to become an antenna with
For designing the antenna FR4 epoxy substrate with fractal slots, gradually slots were modified to improve
thickness 1.6mm and relative permittivity of 4.4 is the frequency and reach the 2 GHz that were the ini-
used as substrate. The resonant frequency used for tial objective for the structure of the antenna. By
designing the proposed antenna is 2GHz. Three iter- implementing a fractal antenna gets this decrease and
ation of proposed antenna is designed and simulated is achieved by having a frequency much more desirable
by using ANSOFT DESIGNER software and different to carry out this project. Used a coupling device of
parameters of antenna such as return loss, gain VSWR quarter wave, which serves to attach the impedance
and radiation pattern are analyzed and observed. The 50 ohm transmission line through and can be the ideal
antenna is expected to work in eight different reso- impedance to ensure that the antenna work to the de-
nant frequencies where the return loss is below -10dB sired frequency.
with VSWR less than 2 which is the desired condi-
tion for the antenna to work efficiently for practical c 3x108
applications. The designed antenna can be used for λ0 = = (1)
f 2x109
different wireless applications in frequency bands such
as Lband, S-band, C-band and X-band. c 3x108
λ= √ = → λ = 34.09mm (2)
εr f (4.4)(2x109 )
p
I. INTRODUCTION ZA = ZL Z0 (3)
In the world of wireless communication there is a need
of multi-functional and multiband antennas. So ac-
cording to the need the latest research in antenna
technology the fractal geometry of antenna took a vi- TRANSMITTER ANTENNA
tal role [2]. The two properties of fractal geometry
such as self-similarity and space-filling which makes
the antenna to work on multi frequency bands [6]. B.
Mandelbort defined the fractal geometry based on iter-
ation process in 1975. There are many different shapes
of fractal antenna have been designed so far such as
sierpinski carpet, sierpinski gasket, Koch-curve etc [5].
Fractal is a geometry shape that is sub divided into
different parts and the each part is a copy of complete
antenna shape at varying dimensions [3]. Use of frac-
tal geometry improves the features and performance of
Figure 1.Rectangular Patch Antenna With Fractal
antenna. So, the fractal antenna used in many wireless
Slots
applications like WLAN bands are 2.4GHz, 5.2GHz
and 5.8GHz, Wi-MAX bands are 2.5GHz, 3.5GHz and
In Figure 1 can see the dimensions that the transmit-
5.8GHz, Bluetooth at 2.4GHz etc [4]. In this paper
ting antenna is structured, the dimensions were grad-
the rectangular patch antenna with fractal slots for
ually modified to get an ideal connection of impedance
multiband applications is designed.
and frequency of the antenna. He is considered a sym-
metric antenna 29.35 mm to make it the central struc-
II. DESIGN OF THE RECTANGULAR PATCH ture from those dimensions is considered to place the
ANTENNA WITH FRACTAL SLOTS fractal slots to improve its functioning.

1
Points Dimensions
L 29.35mm
S 6mm
T 11.675mm
U 13.1mm
N 19.91mm
B 1.925mm
C 3.65mm
X 19.1mm
Table 1. Dimensions of the transmitting antenna

Table 1 shows the variables that are considered for the


antenna structure, each variable to its value in millime-
ters. These variables can be seen in Figure 1.

Figure 4. Radiation Pattern

Figure 4 shows the radiation pattern, which indicates


the direction of the energy which will have its biggest
Figure 2. Gain of the antenna gain. The yellow line of the figure will be line with the
higher the antenna gain, the same red line will lever-
Figure 2 shows the values of the frequency where age the gain since it is in the same direction and at
the strongest signal, the corresponding bandwidth is. the same height as the main lobe which is the yellow
Bandwidth in this case arises within the frequency 1 line. Both the green line and blue line are in the same
which has a value of 1.984 Ghz and frequency2 with a direction as the main lobe, therefore take advantage of
value of 2.017 Ghz. Doing the mathematical operation only a portion of the gain.
of equation (4)

f2 − f1
B= ∗ 100% (4) III. DESIGN OF THE PATCH ANTENNA ARRAY
fc
Rx
Gets a bandwidth of 1.65%.

To obtain the receiving antenna, it was an arrangement


of two fractal antennas with a slot respectively within
them, out of each one of the antennas used a trans-
mission line 50 ohm which is connected to an adapter
of quarter wave that will help get a better impedance
coupling This adapter a transmission line is connected
with a 25-ohm characteristic impedance, since the an-
tennas are in a parallel system, with a distance of 97.5
mm from the center of the first antenna to the center
of the second antenna. The transmission line will di-
Figure 3. Antenna Impedance vide its impedance at the two antennas and will send
only 25 ohms respectively to each of the adapters. The
Figure 3 shows the ideal impedance to which the an- transmission line that divides its impedance is origi-
tenna works, the red line in this figure shows the real nally from 50 ohms and is connected to an adapter of
part of impedance, which is located in the 50 ohm quarter wave, finally to the input of the adapter is the
and the imaginary part is zero, which shows that the transmission line that is connected to the port and will
impedance is the ideal of 50 ohm. be responsible for the entry of the current system of
arrangement of antennas.

2
f2 − f1
B= ∗ 100% (5)
fc

Gets a bandwidth of 2.22%.

Figure 5. Patch Antenna Array Figure 7. Receiver Antenna Impedance Diagram

Figure 5 shows the structure of the receiving antenna Figure 7 shows the ideal impedance to which the an-
with their respective diameters that were simulated tenna works, the red line in this figure shows the real
and with each of the values gradually fits the ideal part of impedance, which is located in the 50 ohm
impedance antenna and antenna can work to the re- and the imaginary part is zero, which shows that the
quired frequency and receive the information without impedance is the ideal of 50 ohm.
any problem.

Points Dimensions
L 30mm
N 6mm
S 11.5mm
X 20.5mm
A 19.84mm
B 22.95mm
C 95.05mm
D 46.75mm
E 19.84mm
F 9.77mm
Table 2. Dimensions of the Receiver antenna

Table 2 shows the variables used in Figure 5, with their


values respectively, which were modified in the receiv-
ing antenna to ensure a better coupling.

Figure 8. Radiation Pattern of the Receiver Antenna

Figure 8 shows the radiation pattern, which indicates


the direction of the energy which will have its biggest
gain. The yellow line of the figure will be line with the
higher the antenna gain, the same red line will leverage
gain since its main lobe is located in the same direc-
Figure 6. Receiver antenna gain tion and at the same height as the same, but with two
side lobes in different direction and height which is the
Figure 6 shows the values of the frequency where main lobe. Both the green line and blue line are in the
the strongest signal, the corresponding bandwidth is. different direction as the main lobe and at different
Bandwidth in this case arises within the frequency 1 heights of the same, therefore take advantage of only a
which has a value of 1.98 Ghz and frequency 2 with a portion of the gain.
value of 2.024 Ghz. Doing the mathematical operation
of equation (5) IV. REFERENCES

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[1] C. A. Balanis, “Antenna theory: Analysis and De- M. M. Sharma, “A Dual Band Star Fractal Antenna
sign, 3rd edition, Wiley, 2005. with Slot for Wireless Applications,” International
Conference on Signal Propagation and Computer Tech-
[2] P. S. R. Chowdary, A. M. Prasad and P. M. Rao, nology (ICSPCT), IEEE, pp. 738-740, 2014.
“Design of Modified Sierpinski Antenna for WLAN
Applications,” International Conference on Electron- [5] S. Yadav, P. Jain and R. Choudhary, “A Novel
ics and Communication System (ICECS), 2014. approach of triangular circular fractal antenna,” In-
ternational Conference on Advances in Computing,
[3] R. Choudhary, S. Yadav, P. Jain and M. M. Sharma, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI), IEEE,
“Full Composite Fractal Antenna with Dual Band used pp. 708-711, 2014.
for Wireless Applications,” International Conference
on Advances in Computing, Communications and In- [6] S. Kundalia, V. Unadkat and S. Dwivedi, “Com-
formatics (ICACCI), pp. 2517-2520, 2014. parative analysis of fractal based nested triangular
microstrip antnna,” IEEE, 2014.
[4] S. Yadav, R. Choudhary, U. Soni, A. Dadhich and

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