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Movie as a Media of Literature in English Language Teaching

1. The definition of Literature

Literature most generically, is any body of written works. More restrictively,


literature refers to writing considered to be an art form or any single writing
deemed to have artistic or intellectual value, often due to deploying language in
ways that differ from ordinary usage.

Back in ancient Greece, literature was divided into two main categories:
tragedy and comedy. Nowadays the list of possible types and genres of literature
can seem endless. But it is still possible to narrow down the vast amount of
literature available into a few basic groups.

2. Genres of Literature

The four genres of literature students should be familiar with are Poetry,
Drama, Prose, and Media, each of which is explained in more detail below.
You’ll see some overlap between genres; for example, prose is a broader term that
includes both drama and non-fiction. At the end of this article, we’ll also touch on
a couple of narrower but still important literary categories.

1. Poetry
This is often considered the oldest form of literature. Before writing was
invented, oral stories were commonly put into some sort of poetic form to make
them easier to remember and recite. Poetry today is usually written down but is
still sometimes performed.
A lot of people think of rhymes and counting syllables and lines when they
think of poetry, and some poems certainly follow strict forms. But other types of
poetry are so free-form that they lack any rhymes or common patterns. There are
even kinds of poetry that cross genre lines, such as prose poetry. In general,
though, a text is a poem when it has some sort of meter or rhythm, and when it
focuses on the way the syllables, words, and phrases sound when put together.
Poems are heavy in imagery and metaphor and are often made up of fragments
and phrases rather than complete, grammatically correct sentences. And poetry is
nearly always written in stanzas and lines, creating a unique look on the page.

2. Prose
Prose can be defined as any kind of written text that isn’t poetry (which
means drama, discussed below, is technically a type of prose). The most typical
varieties of prose are novels and short stories, while other types include letters,
diaries, journals, and non-fiction (also discussed below). Prose is written in
complete sentences and organized in paragraphs. Instead of focusing on sound,
which is what poetry does, prose tends to focus on plot and characters.
Prose is the type of literature read most often in English classrooms. Any
novel or short story falls into this category, from Jane Eyre to Twilight and from
“A Sound of Thunder" to “The Crucible." Like poetry, prose is broken down into
a large number of other sub-genres. Some of these genres revolve around the
structure of the text, such as novellas, biographies, and memoirs, and others are
based on the subject matter, like romances, fantasies, and mysteries.

3. Drama
Drama is a mode of fictional representation through dialogue and
performance. It is one of the literary genres, which is an imitation of some action.
Drama is also a type of a play written for theater, television, radio, and film.
In simple words, a drama is a composition in verse or prose presenting a story in
pantomime or dialogue. It contains conflict of characters, particularly the ones
who perform in front of audience on the stage. The person who writes drama for
stage directions is known as a “dramatist” or “playwright.”

Types of drama are :


 Comedy – Comedies are lighter in tone than ordinary works, and provide
a happy conclusion. The intention of dramatists in comedies is to make
their audience laugh. Hence, they use quaint circumstances, unusual
characters, and witty remarks.
 Tragedy – Tragic dramas use darker themes, such as disaster, pain, and
death. Protagonists often have a tragic flaw — a characteristic that leads
them to their downfall.
 Farce – Generally, a farce is a nonsensical genre of drama, which often
overacts or engages slapstick humor.
 Melodrama – Melodrama is an exaggerated drama, which is sensational
and appeals directly to the senses of the audience. Just like the farce, the
characters are of a single dimension and simple, or may be stereotyped.
 Musical Drama – In musical dramas, dramatists not only tell their stories
through acting and dialogue, but through dance as well as music. Often the
story may be comedic, though it may also involve serious subjects.

4. Media
The newest type of literature that has been defined as a distinct genre is
media. This categorization was created to encompass the many new and important
kinds of texts in our society today, such as movies and films, websites,
commercials, billboards, and radio programs. Any work that doesn’t exist
primarily as a written text can probably be considered media, particularly if it
relies on recently developed technologies. Media literature can serve a wide
variety of purposes—among other things it can educate, entertain, advertise,
and/or persuade.
More and more educators are coming to recognize the importance
of teaching media in the classroom. Students are likely to be exposed to far more
of this type of literature than anything else throughout their lives, so it makes
sense to teach them how to be critical and active consumers of media. Internet
literacy is a growing field, for example, since the skills required to understand and
use online information differ in important ways from the skills required to analyze
printed information. Teaching media literacy is also a great way for educators to
help students become participants in their own culture, through lessons on
creating their own websites or home movies or commercials.
3. The Elements of Movie
There are some elements that used together in making a good movie. Below is a
list of elements of movie content, namely:
a. Film Facts
Consist of : title of film , year film was produced, nationality, names of the
actors, and name of director.
-Title of film: Harry Potter (Chamber of Secret)
-Year film was produced: 2 November 2002
-Nationality : England

-Names of actors: Daniel Radcliffe


Rupert Grint
Emma Watson
Richard Harris
Kenneth Branagh
Jason Isaacs
Christian Coulson
Robbie Coltrane
-Name of director: Chris Colombus

b. Genre
Genre means a type of art, literature, or music characterized by a specific
form, content, and style.
- The main genre of Harry Potter (chamber of secret) is fantation

c. Setting
Setting is a description of where and when the story takes place.
The setting that we really care about in Harry Potter is, of course,
Hogwarts School for Witchcraft and Wizardry. Privet Drive is simply
nightmarishly normal and Mugglish. There’s nothing fantastic about the
Dursleys' home at all.

By contrast, Hogwarts Castle – which is only accessible through a magic


train we Muggles can’t even see – is filled to the brim with giant squid,
trick staircases, Hungarian Horntails, and Forbidden Forests. Every corner
of the castle seems to have some new enchantment to discover. It’s like a
dream come true for everyone who has ever been bored with humdrum
Muggle life or school.

- Harry potter film takes places in the England

d. Plot and structure


The main events of a play, novel, movie, or similar work, devised and
presented b the writer as an interrelated sequence.
“Harry ignores warnings from mysterious creatures not to return to
Hogwarts because of danger waiting for him. It turns out that the Hogwarts
school is haunted by a series of mysterious attacks & strange sounds.”

e. Conflict
Conflict or tension is usually the heart of the film and is related to the main
characters.
The main conflict when Harry fights Tom Riddle (teenage Lord
Voldemort). They fight in the Chamber of Secrets which was opened by
Ginny Weasley without she knowing it. Ginny was controlled by Riddle's
diary in which he left a part of his soul.

f. Theme
The subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person’s thoughts, or an
exhibition; a topic.
“Tolerance of People who are Different”

g. Characterization
Characterization deals with how the characters are described.
- The physical appearance of the characters are ....
- The type of characters are....
4. The Beneficial of Using Movie in English Language Teaching
Media such as movie with subtitle may be effective in holding students’
interest. Canning-Wilson (2000) discovered in a large-scale survey that student
tended to prefer entertainment movies to documentaries in the classroom.
Moreover, movie media provide interesting and motivating clues to accompany
audio or written inputs. Also, movies provide language learners with the
opportunity to view the social dynamics of communication as native speakers
interact in authentic settings. Search on movie media and they come to the
conclusion that …
“Video is lauded for contextualizing language (i.e., linking language form
to meaning) and depicting the foreign culture more effectively than other
instructional materials. Video tapes permit students to hear native speaker
interacting in everyday conversational situations and to practice important
linguistic structures.Unlike audio cassettes, video's visual dimension is thought to
reduce ambiguities present in native speaker voicesand to motivate students to
want to learn the foreign language” (Herron, et al., 1995, p. 775).

Herron and Hanley (1992) claimed that using movies in EFL classroom
offers background information that activates prior knowledge, which is essential
in stimulating the four skills activities in the classroom.
After reading literatures relates to the use of movie media and listening
teaching, conducting observation and studying the problem which are found in
real condition. The result of the study is expected to give positive contributions to
the field of education especially in teaching reading skill, teachers and students
can benefit from the result of this study.
5. The Procedures of Teaching English by Using Movie

The material is used for Junior High School level.

The teaching learning process is focused for speaking skill

The material is used for Two Meeting.

1. Observing
 The teacher gives the opening questions for the students such as:
-Do you like watching movie?
-What movie do you like?
 The teacher provides the movie “Harry Potter and The Chamber of Secret”
for students.
 The students watch the movie together while guided by the teacher.

2. Questioning
 The students are given some questions that related with the movie to
stimulate and develop the students’ ideas about the material.

3. Associating
 The students are divided into group. One group consists of two students.
The teacher asks the student to discuss the story of the movie.
 The teacher asks the students to find out the difficult word based on the
movie with their group.

4. Experimenting
 The teacher asks the students to rewrite the story of “Harry Potter and The
Chamber of Secret” based on their own understanding. They still work in
group.
5. Communicating
 The teacher asks each group to retell the story of Harry Potter without text
in front of the class.
References

Heinich, R. E. (1993). Instructional media and technologies for learning.

Herron, C. e. (1995). An Investigation of The Effectiveness of Using an Advance


Organizer to Modern Language Journal

Wilson, C. (2000). Practical Aspects of Using Video in the Foreign Language


Classroom

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