BASIC STRUCTURE TO GENERATION ELECTRICITY

ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY (OFFSHORE WIND TURBINES)

MEENACHI A/P PARTHIPAN (CE170050), ELAN RAJ A/L ELANGGOVAN (DE170064),

NAVINDRAN A/L ALAGARI (CE170106), MUHAMMAS FAZLI AJMAL BIN GHAZALI
(AE170060), NUR ARIZA HAYANI MOHD NIZAM (AE170132), NUR SYASHATUL NATASHA
BINTI SAHAK (AE170090)

Faculty of Electric and Electronic Engineering

Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.

Abstract – Nowadays, the world power
necessities are expanding at an alarming rate and
the power request is running in front of supply.
It is generally perceived that the non-renewable
energy sources, for example, coal, oil and
characteristic gas are by and by being utilized
for power. Along these lines, in future it may not
be adequate to keep pace with regularly
expanding interest of the electrical vitality of the
world. The sustainable power source can give
clean wellsprings of vitality, which is
dependable, and secure to society. In this
advanced period, Malaysian government center
is to empower the whole area to embrace green
condition and one of the activities is to actualize
sustainable-based power age module in industry.
The Malaysian government will be the part that
guarantees all the power ages from sustainable
power source are well-arranged.
generators (e.g., gas-fired turbines) and variable
resources (renewables). On the demand side,
there is a growing number of distributed and
variable generation resources, as well as a shift
from large induction motors to rapidly
increasing use of electronic converters in
buildings, industrial equipment, and consumer
devices. The communications and control
systems are also transitioning from analog
systems to systems with increasing digital
control and communications; from systems with
a handful of control points at central stations to
ones with potentially millions of control points.
In this analysis, we classify the basic
structure of electrical power systems and
discuss the alternative technology to
generate electricity in power system.

1.2 Project Understanding

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project background
The electric power system is facing
increasing stress due to fundamental changes in
both supply and demand technologies. On the
supply side, there is a shift from large
synchronous generators to lighter-weight
This project will be focusing structure of
electrical power systems and alternative
technology to generate electricity in power
system.
The electrical power system consists of three
major components. Generation, a high voltage
transmission grid, and a distribution system. The
high voltage transmission system links the
generators to substations, which supply power to
the user through the distribution system.
Interruptions in these connecting links can
disrupt the flow of power from generators to the
users.
1.3 Objectives
i. To enhance the knowledge and skill by
practicing the power systems concept
ii. To classification the electricity generation
basic structure.
iv. To discuss the alternative technology,
application and advantages.
1.4 Project scope and limitation
i. Classify the basic structure of electricity
generation.
ii. Discuss the offshore wind turbines.
2.0 CLASSIFICATION OF ELECTRICITY
GENERATION BASIC STRUCTURE
Turbine: The force of the falling water
pushing against the turbine’s blades, which will
make the turbine to spin. A water turbine is
much like a windmill. The turbine converts the
kinetic energy of the falling water into
mechanical energy.
2.1 Generator
It is used to generate power by
connecting the shaft of the turbine to the shaft of
the generators, which cuts the magnetic flux
producing Electro-magnetic field (EMF).
2.2 Substations
The place where the level of the voltage
undergoes change with help of transformer.
Apart from transformer, a substation will house
switches (called circuit breaker), meters, relays
for protection and other control equipment. A
big substation will receive power through
incoming lines at some voltage changes level of
voltage using a transformer and then directs it
out wards through outgoing lines.
2.3 Three-phase
The three-phase power leaves the generator
and enters a transmission substation at the power
plant. This substation uses large transformers to
convert the generator’s voltage (which is at the
thousands of volt level) up to extremely high
voltages for long-distance transmission on the
transmission grid.
2.4 Transformer
Its main function is to set up the voltage at
transmission end to higher economical
voltage,400KV or even higher, to be transmitted
over the line with minimal losses and then at
distribution points, step down to desired
voltages like 400V or 200V for use in industries,
offices and homes. Transformer also impedance
matching and electric isolation.
2.5 Potential Transformer
The potential transformer are similar in
characteristics as current transformer but are
utilized for converting high voltages to lower
voltages for protection of relay system and for
rating metering of voltages measurements.
2.6 Current Transformer
 A current transformer is a gadget utilized
for the transformation of higher value of currents
into lover values. It is utilized in an analogous
manner to that AC instruments, control
apparatus and meters. These are having lower
current rating and are used for maintenance and
installation of current relays for protection
purpose in substations.
2.7 Relays
Are the primary protection as well as
switching devices in most of the control
processes or equipment. All the relays responds
to one or more electrical quantities like voltage
or current such that they open or close the
contacts or circuit. A relay is a switching device
as it works to isolate or change the state of and
electric circuit from one state to another
2.8 Switches
A switching substation is a substation without
transformer and operating only at a single
voltage level. An important function performed
by a substation is switching, which is the
connecting and disconnecting of transmission
lines or other components to and from the
system.
2.9 Lines
There are two types of lines which is
Transmission line and Distribution line. Both are
used to carry power or electricity from one place
to other. Transmission line helps carried out
electricity in three phase supply system and
distribution line requires a single phase supply
system for carrying electricity.
3.0 DISCUSSION OF ALTERNATIVE
TECHNOLOGY, APPLICATION AND
ADVANTAGES
This paper analyzed renewable energy
adoption, focusing on offshore wind turbines. In
this we suggesting, Labuan, Sabah has been
suitable location to install the offshore wind
turbines because of the geographical advantage
of the South China Sea. The technology is
expected to provide great power energy with the
least environment impact and high sustainability
as it is located within the windy area with no
terrain features, buildings or other obstruction.
This study used qualitative methods for both
data collection and data analysis. This study
proved that the application of offshore wind
turbines in the South China Sea, Sabah produced
the complementary energy to fossil fuels and
resulted in the acceptance of Sabah residents
towards the installation of the offshore wind
turbines. Hence, the offshore wind turbines
might become one of the main energy sources in
Sabah. The application of the offshore wind
turbines to Sabah residential area develops a lot
of benefit and support the Malaysian
government goal which is to be more
competitive in renewable energy generation
while sustaining national economic growth.
3.1 Advantages
i) Offshore wind speeds tend to be faster
than on land. Small increases in wind
speed yield large increases in energy
production: a turbine in a 15-mph wind
can generate twice as much energy as a
turbine in a 12-mph wind. Faster wind
speeds offshore mean much more
energy can be generated.
ii) Offshore wind speeds tend to be steadier
than on land. A steadier supply of wind
means a more reliable source of energy.
 iii) Building offshore wind farms in these
areas can help to meet those energy
needs from nearby sources.
iv) Offshore wind farms have many of the
same advantages as land-based wind
farms – they provide renewable energy;
they do not consume water; they provide
a domestic energy source, they create
jobs and they do not emit environmental
pollutants or greenhouse gases.
3.2 Facts and figures
Malaysia's location just among the South
China provides a marvelous potential for ocean
based energy sources. The main ocean based
energy sources are thermal energy
transformation, ocean current, tidal, wave and
offshore wind power. One of the research
indicates, in Malaysia wind speed over the land
area is generally low. Another research in 2003
revealed that annual offshore wind speed is
about 1.2–4.1 m/s in Malaysia while the highest
annual vector resultant wind speed of 4.1 m/s
occurs during Northeast monsoon season
between November and February in East
peninsular Malaysia . Locations facing the South
China Sea are the most promising sites for wind
power installations and in particular, places such
as kuala terengganu and Labuan Sabah have the
maximum potential of wind power in the
country. The minimum wind power in the
Labuan 9mph shown in figure 1.
Figure 1
4.0 CONCLUSION
As conclusion, many forms of
renewable resources are available for energy
production in Malaysia. we will spend time
figuring out how best to use these resources.. A
lot of money is currently invested to develop
improvements and innovations that will achieve
a significant cost reduction, thus making
reduction of public subsidies possible.
Technology constraints, sociological and
economic distribution, and energy policy play
key roles in determining the most effective use
of these endless resources. In the fall, we will
devise a comprehensive plan to move the
Malaysia towards sustainable energy
consumption
5.0 REFERENCES
 Webb, S., 2013. Malaysia: Renewable
energy in the Asia Pacific. [Online]
Available at: [Accessed 14 November
2013]
 Bureau of Ocean Energy Management.
2013. Offshore Wind Energy. [Online]
Available at: [Accessed 18 November
2013]
 http://engineering.electrical-
equipment.org/electrical-distribution/what-
is-an-electric-generator.html