A MAJOR PROJECT ON

COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS
OF SUPERSONIC INLET
Under the Esteemed Guidance of V. AKHIL (14E31A2139)
B. SAI KIRAN (14E31A2103)
Mr. G. RAJESH KUMAR
Assistant. Professor L. VAMSI KRISHNA (15E31A2109)
Department of Aeronautical
MIST Y. BHARATH TEJ (15E31A2121)
CONTENTS :
INTRODUCTION
TYPES OF JET ENGINES
TYPES OF INLETS
DESIGN
ANALYSIS
RESULTS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION:
An inlet for a supersonic aircraft, on the other hand, has a
relatively sharp lip. The inlet lip is sharpened to minimize
the performance losses from shock waves that occur
during supersonic flight.
For a supersonic aircraft, the inlet must slow the flow
down to subsonic speeds before the air reaches the
compressor.
Some supersonic inlets, like the one at the upper right, use
a central cone to shock the flow down to subsonic speeds.
TYPES OF JET ENGINES:

Turbojet engine
Turboprop engine
Turbofan engine
Turboshaft engine
Ramjet
Scramjet
TURBOJET
 Air taken in from an opening in the
front of the engine is compressed to 3
to 12 times its original pressure in
compressor.
 Fuel is added to the air and burned in
a combustion chamber to raise the
temperature of the fluid. The resulting
hot air is passed through a turbine,
which drives the compressor.
 The pressure at the turbine discharge
Fig: TURBOJET
will be nearly twice the atmospheric
pressure, and this excess pressure is
sent to the nozzle to produce a high-
velocity stream of gas which
produces a thrust.
 RAMJET
 Ram compression jet engines are air breathing engines similar to gas turbine
engines and they both follow the Brayton cycle.
 Ram powered engines are considered the most simple type of air breathing jet
engine because they can contain no moving parts.
 Ramjets are ram powered jet engines. They are mechanically simple, and
operate less efficiently than turbojets except at very high speeds.
 SCRAMJET:
 Scramjets differ mainly in the fact that the air does not slow to subsonic
speeds. Rather, they use supersonic combustion.
 They are efficient at even higher speed. Very few have been built or flown.
INLET
 The primary purpose of the inlet is to bring the air
required by the engine from free-stream conditions to the
conditions required at the entrance of the fan or
compressor with minimum total pressure loss.
 The performance of an inlet is related to the following
characteristics: high total pressure ratio, good uniformity
of flow, low installation drag, good starting and stability,
low signatures (acoustic, radar, etc.), and minimum weight
and cost while meeting life and reliability goals.
 TYPES OF INLETS
 Inlets come in a variety of shapes and sizes with the specifics usually
dictated by the speed of the aircraft.
Subsonic
Supersonic
Hypersonic
TYPES OF INLETS
 The design and operation of subsonic and supersonic inlets differ
considerably due to the characteristics of the flow.
 For the subsonic inlets, near-isentropic internal diffusion can be
easily achieved, and the inlet flow rate adjusts to the demand.
 The internal aerodynamic performance of a supersonic inlet is a
major design problem, since achieving efficient and stable
supersonic diffusion over a wide range of Mach numbers is very
difficult.
 In addition, the supersonic inlet must be able to capture its required
mass flow rate, which may require variable geometry to minimize
inlet loss and drag and provide stable operation.
 SUBSONIC INLETS
 For aircraft that cannot go faster than
the speed of sound, like large
airliners, a simple, straight, short inlet
works quite well.
 On a typical subsonic inlet, the
surface of the inlet from outside to
inside is a continuous smooth curve
with some thickness from inside to
outside.
 The most upstream portion of the FIG: SUBSONIC INLET
inlet is called the highlight, or the
inlet lip. A subsonic aircraft has an
inlet with a relatively thick lip.
SUPERSONIC INLETS
 An inlet for a supersonic aircraft, on the other hand, has a relatively sharp lip.
 The inlet lip is sharpened to minimize the performance losses from shock
waves that occur during supersonic flight.
 For a supersonic aircraft, the inlet must slow the flow down to subsonic
speeds before the air reaches the compressor.
 Some supersonic inlets, like the one at the upper right, use a central cone to
shock the flow down to subsonic speeds.
TYPES OF SUPERSONIC INLTES
Supersonic inlets are classified into three basic types, characterized by
the location of the supersonic compression wave system
Internal compression
External compression
Mixed compression.
INTERNAL COMPRESSION INLET
 The internal compression inlet achieves compression through a series of
internal oblique shock waves followed by a terminal normal shock positioned
downstream of the throat.
EXTERNAL COMPRESSION INLET
 The compression of the external compression inlet is achieved through either
one or a series of oblique shocks followed by a normal shock, or simply
through one normal shock.
MIXED COMPRESSION INLET
 The typical mixed compression inlet achieves compression through the
external oblique shocks, the internal reflected oblique shocks, and the
terminal normal shock.
DESIGN INPUT FOR THE PROJECT
Inlet Type Axisymmetric
Lexd / D 0.656

Linlet / D 2.065

hclip / D 0.9985

Acfex / A2 0.337

Flow turning angle 12.8°

Surface turning angle 25.5°

Designed model in catia
Imported model in ansys
Meshing
analysis
 ANSYS software used for the analysis.
 The analysis type is fluid analysis so that ANSYS FLUENT used for
this project.
 CFD analyses were performed to verify some of the analysis results
of pressure and velocity for the given mach number ranging from 2.6
to 3.0
static pressure contours at M=2.6
velocity contours at M=2.6
static pressure contours at M=2.7
velocity contours at M=2.7
static pressure contours at M=2.8
velocity contours at M=2.8
4.7 static pressure contours at M=2.9
4.8 velocity contours at M=2.9
static pressure contours at M=3.0
velocity contours at M=3.0
 RESULTS
S. no Mach. no Pressure/velocity Cowl lip Ramp tip Ramp
divergence

1. 2.6 Pressure (Pa) 14192 21726 62526.7

Velocity (m/s) 61.13 366.75 10.25

2. 2.7 Pressure (Pa) 13772.5 21804 67250.4

Velocity (m/s) 63.772 404.233 10.6556

3. 2.8 Pressure (Pa) 13424.9 22043 71175

Velocity (m/s) 65.551 419.771 11.0633

4. 2.9 Pressure (Pa) 13068 22098 74294.3

Velocity (m/s) 68.5177 433.219 11.487

5. 3.0 Pressure (Pa) 12813.3 22162 77539.6

Velocity (m/s) 70.96 450.715 11.89

conclusion
 A simpler methodology was created to predict the increase and
decrease in pressure recovery and it was found that predicting the
behavior through minimum velocity achieved also does well in
studying the trend through various parameters while optimizing the
intake.
ANY QUERIES?
thankyou