DESIGN OF SHAFTS

Shaft is a rotating machine element which is used to transmit power from one part of machine to another.
The power is delivered to the shaft by some tangential force and resultant torque (twisting moment) set up
with in the shaft permit the power to be transferred to various machine linked up to the shaft.

The power delivered to the shaft is done by means of different mechanism elements like pulley, gear,
flywheel, sprocket and like.

Material for shafts

Materials used for shafts are usually carbon steel metals like 40C8 because of the following
useful properties.

 high strength
 good machinability
 high wear resistance property
 good heat treatment properties

Shafts to be designed are on the basis of strength and rigidity & stiffness. For this project the shaft to be
designed is shaft subjected to combined twisting and bending moment.

For carbon steel 40C8; Yield strength (Sy) = 320 Mpa

Ultimate strength (Su) =560-670 Mpa

Permissible shear stress (τ) = 0.8Su=0,8*670=120.6 MPa

60 60∗1000
Torque (T) = = =76.394 Nm
2𝜋𝑁2 2𝜋∗125

Bending moment due to tension of belt on the shaft (M) is given by;

M = (𝑇1 + 𝑇2 + 2𝑇𝑐 )*L; where T1= tension of belt on tight side

T2 = tension of belt on slack side

Tc = centrifugal tension

L = length of belt

M = (333.31+10.33+2*2.77)*2.7976

= 976.866 Nm

Applying maximum shear stress theory the equivalent twisting moment (𝑇𝑒 ) is given by;

𝑇𝑒 = √𝑇 2 + 𝑀2 =√(76.394)2 + (976.866)2 = 979.85 Nm

The diameter of shaft of driven pulley is calculated by;

𝜋𝜏𝑑 3 16𝑇𝑒 16∗979.85

𝑇𝑒 = 16
, 𝑑3 = 𝜋𝜏
= 𝜋∗120.6

d = 34.59 say 35mm which is standard diameter

DESIGN OF PISTON AND CYLINDER

Piston
In this project the piston is a shaft reciprocating inside of the cylinder. The main function of piston in this
machine is to hold the stamping logo and move up and down by connecting rode to allow free rotation of
the pulley.

Material for the piston

The most commonly used materials for pistons include cast iron, cast aluminum, forged aluminum cast
steel and forged steel.

In this design cast iron is more appropriate material for piston which have low speed of up and down
motion. Because of properties like

 Cast iron pistons are used for moderate speed

 Cast iron posses higher compressive strength than aluminum alloys
 Cast iron has high strength.

Compressive strength = 35-40 Mpa take 35 Mpa

Force(F) = 330 N

From this find the diameter of piston which can resist this force

δ = F/A

δ = 330*4/𝜋𝑑2

330∗4
d = √( 35𝜋
)

…………….d=25mm

Design of cylinder

The internal diameter of the cylinder is then to be diameter of piston + clearance