1. There are ______________
In a ______ connection, two and
Internet service providers.
 A) regional
 B) local
 C) national and international
 D) all of the above
2. ______ refers to the physical or
logical arrangement of a network.
 A) Topology
 B) Mode of operation
 C) Data flow
 D) None of the above
3. A ______ is a data communication
system spanning states, countries, or
the whole world.
 A) MAN
 B) WAN
 C) LAN
 D) none of the above
4. A _______ connection provides a
dedicated link between two devices.
 A) primary
 B) multipoint
 C) point-to-point
 D) secondary
5. Which topology requires a
multipoint connection?
 A) Bus
 B) Star
 C) Mesh
 D) Ring
6. A ________ is a set of rules that
governs data communication.
 A) protocol
 B) forum
 C) standard
 D) none of the above
7.
only two devices are connected by a
dedicated link.
 A) multipoint
 B) point-to-point
 C) (a) and (b)
 D) none of the above
8. The information to be
communicated in a data
communications system is the
_______.
 A) Medium
 B) Protocol
 C) Message
 D) Transmission
9. ________ defines how a particular
pattern to be interpreted, and what
action is to be taken based on that
interpretation.
 A) Syntax
 B) Semantics
 C) Timing
 D) None of the above
10. Frequency of failure and network
recovery time after a failure are
measures of the _______of a network.
 A) Performance
 B) Security
 C) Reliability
 D) Feasibility
11. A television broadcast is an
example of _______ transmission.
 A) half-duplex
 B) simplex
 C) full-duplex
 D) automatic
12. Data flow between two devices 17. This was the first network.
can occur in a _______ way.  A) CSNET
 A) simplex  B) NSFNET
 B) half-duplex  C) ARPANET
 C) full-duplex  D) ANSNET
 D) all of the above
18. Devices may be arranged in a
13. _______ are special-interest _____ topology.
groups that quickly test, evaluate, and  A) mesh
standardize new technologies.  B) ring
 A) Standards organizations  C) bus
 B) Regulatory agencies  D) all of the above
 C) Forums 19. _______ is the protocol suite for
 D) All of the above the current Internet.
14. Which agency developed  A) UNIX
standards for physical connection  B) NCP
interfaces and electronic signaling  C) TCP/IP
specifications?  D) ACM
 A) ISO 20. ________ is a collection of many
 B) ITU-T separate networks.
 C) ANSI  A) A WAN
 D) EIA  B) An internet
15. A _______ is a data  C) A LAN
communication system within a  D) None of the above
building, plant, or campus, or between 21. In a ________ connection, three
nearby buildings. or more devices share a link.
 A) LAN  A) point-to-point
 B) MAN  B) multipoint
 C) WAN  C) (a) and (b)
 D) none of the above  D) none of the above
16. _______ refers to two 22. Which organization has authority
characteristics: when data should be over interstate and international
sent and how fast it can be sent. commerce in the communications
 A) Semantics field?
 B) Timing  A) FCC
 C) Syntax  B) IEEE
 D) none of the above  C) ITU-T
 D) ISOC

23. In the original ARPANET, _______
were directly connected together.
 A) routers
 B) host computers
 C) networks
 D) IMPs
24. Communication between a
computer and a keyboard involves
______________ transmission.
 A) simplex
 B) half-duplex
 C) full-duplex
 D) automatic
25. Which topology requires a central
controller or hub?
 A) Mesh
 B) Bus
 C) Star
 D) Ring
26. The _______ is the physical path
over which a message travels.
 A) Protocol
 B) Signal
 C) Medium
 D) All the above
27. In a _______ connection, more
than two devices can share a single
link.
 A) multipoint
 B) point-to-point
 C) primary
 D) secondary
28. _______ refers to the structure or
format of the data, meaning the order
in which they are presented.
 A) Semantics
 B) Syntax
 C) Timing
 D) All of the above
29. An unauthorized user is a network
_______ issue.
 A) Security
 B) Reliability
 C) Performance
 D) All the above
30. ________ is an idea or concept
that is a precursor to an Internet
standard.
 A) RCF
 B) ID
 C) RFC
 D) none of the above
31. In _______ transmission, the
channel capacity is shared by both
communicating devices at all times.
 A) simplex
 B) half-duplex
 C) full-duplex
 D) half-simplex
32. The ______ layer adds a header to  D) Network
the packet coming from the upper
layer that includes the logical 37. The ______ layer is responsible
addresses of the sender and receiver. for moving frames from one hop
(node) to the next.
 A) data link
 A) transport
 B) network
 B) data link
 C) physical
 C) physical
 D) none of the above
 D) none of the above
33. Which of the following is an
application layer service? 38. The _______ layer is responsible
for delivering data units from one
 A) File transfer and access station to the next without errors.

 B) Mail service  A) physical

 C) Remote log-in  B) data link

 D) All the above  C) transport

34. When data are transmitted from  D) network

device A to device B, the header from
A’s layer 4 is read by B’s _______ 39. The session, presentation, and
layer. application layers are the ____
support layers.
 A) Transport
 A) user
 B) Application
 B) network
 C) Physical
 C) both (a) and (b)
 D) None of the above
 D) neither (a) nor (b)
35. __________ provides full
transport layer services to 40. The physical, data link, and
applications. network layers are the ______
support layers.
 A) UDP
 A) network
 B) TCP
 B) user
 C) ARP
 C) both (a) and (b)
 D) none of the above
 D) neither (a) nor (b)
36. The process-to-process delivery of
the entire message is the 41. The ________ layer is responsible
responsibility of the _______ layer. for the process-to-process delivery of
the entire message.
 A) Transport
 A) transport
 B) Application
 B) physical
 C) Physical
 C) network
 D) data link  C) specific

42. The _______ layer lies between  D) physical

the network layer and the application
layer. 47. The _______ layer coordinates the
functions required to transmit a bit
 A) Data link stream over a physical medium.

 B) Transport  A) data link

 C) Physical  B) transport

 D) None of the above  C) network

 D) physical

48. The ______ layer is responsible

for the source-to-destination delivery
of a packet across multiple network
links.

 A) network

 B) physical
43. The Internetworking Protocol (IP)
is a ________ protocol.  C) data link
 A) connection-oriented  D) transport
 B) reliable

 C) both a and b 49. Mail services are available to

network users through the _______
 D) none of the above
layer.
44. The _______ layer links the
 A) Transport
network support layers and the user
support layers.  B) Physical
 A) session  C) Data link
 B) transport  D) Application
 C) data link 50. The ____ created a model called
the Open Systems Interconnection,
 D) network
which allows diverse systems to
45. ICMPv6 includes _______. communicate.

 A) IGMP  A) IEEE

 B) ARP  B) ISO

 C) RARP  C) OSI

 D) a and b  D) none of the above

46. The ____ address uniquely defines 51. The _______ layer changes bits
a host on the Internet. into electromagnetic signals.

 A) IP  A) Physical

 B) port  B) Transport
 C) Data link  C) physical

 D) None of the above  D) application

52. IPv6 has _______ -bit addresses. 57. When a host on network A sends a
message to a host on network B,
 A) 128 which address does the router look at?
 B) 32  A) logical
 C) 64  B) physical
 D) variable  C) port
53. The_____ address identifies a  D) none of the above
process on a host.
58. As the data packet moves from
 A) specific the upper to the lower layers, headers
are _______.
 B) port
 A) Rearranged
 C) IP
 B) Removed
 D) physical
 C) Added
54. The_________ layer is responsible
for the delivery of a message from one  D) Modified
process to another.
59. The physical layer is concerned
 A) transport with the movement of _______ over
the physical medium.
 B) network
 A) dialogs
 C) physical
 B) protocols
 D) none of the above
 C) bits

 D) programs

60. To deliver a message to the

correct application program running on
a host, the _______ address must be
consulted.
55. The _________ layer enables the
users to access the network.  A) physical

 A) application  B) port

 B) physical  C) IP

 C) data link  D) none of the above

 D) transport 61. Ethernet uses a ______ physical

address that is imprinted on the
56. The TCP/IP _______ layer is network interface card (NIC).
equivalent to the combined session,
presentation, and application layers of  A) 32-bit
the OSI model.
 B) 6-byte
 A) data link  C) 64-bit
 B) network
  D) none of the above 67. In the OSI model, as a data
packet moves from the lower to the
62. The _______ layer is the layer upper layers, headers are _______.
closest to the transmission medium.
 A) removed
 A) Network
 B) added
 B) Transport
 C) rearranged
 C) Physical
 D) modified
 D) Data link
68. In the OSI model, when data is
63. The OSI model consists of transmitted from device A to device B,
_______ layers. the header from A’s layer 5 is read by
B’s _______ layer.
 A) eight
 A) session
 B) seven
 B) physical
 C) five
 C) transport
 D) three
 D) presentation
64. The ________ address, also
known as the link address, is the 69. The seven-layer _____ model
address of a node as defined by its provides guidelines for the
LAN or WAN. development of universally compatible
networking protocols.
 A) IP
 A) ISO
 B) port
 B) OSI
 C) specific
 C) IEEE
 D) physical
 D) none of the above
65 Layer 2 lies between the physical
layer and the _______ layer. 70. The Internet model consists of
_______ layers.
 A) Data link
 A) Eight
 B) Transport
 B) Seven
 C) Network
 C) Five
 D) None of the above
 D) Three
66. Why was the OSI model
developed? 71. In the OSI model, what is the
main function of the transport layer?
 A) The rate of data transfer
was increasing exponentially  A) process-to-process
message delivery
 B) Standards were needed to
allow any two systems to  B) node-to-node delivery
communicate
 C) synchronization
 C) Manufacturers disliked the
TCP/IP protocol suite.  D) updating and maintenance
of routing tables
 D) None of the above
72. _______ is a process-to-process  A) five-layer; before
protocol that adds only port
addresses, checksum error control,  B) six-layer; before
and length information to the data
 C) seven-layer; before
from the upper layer.
 D) five-layer; after
 A) IP
77. The ________ address, also
 B) TCP
known as the link address, is the
 C) UDP address of a node as defined by its
LAN or WAN.
 D) none of the above
 A) logical
73. The ______ layer establishes,
maintains, and synchronizes the  B) port
interactions between communicating
 C) physical
devices.
 D) none of the above
 A) session

 B) physical

 C) transport

 D) network
78. The _______ model shows how
74. A port address in TCP/IP is ______
the network functions of a computer
bits long.
ought to be organized.
 A) 16
 A) ANSI
 B) 32
 B) CCITT
 C) 48
 C) ISO
 D) none of the above
 D) OSI
75. In the OSI model, encryption and
79. The _______ layer ensures
decryption are functions of the
interoperability between
________ layer.
communicating devices through
 A) application transformation of data into a mutually
agreed upon format.
 B) presentation
 A) network
 C) session
 B) presentation
 D) transport
 C) transport
76. TCP/IP is a ______ hierarchical
protocol suite developed ____ the OSI  D) data link
model.
1. If the maximum amplitude of a sine  D) All of the above
wave is 2 V, the minimum amplitude is 3. ________is the rate of change with
________ V. respect to time.
 A) Time
 A) 2  B) Frequency
 B) 1  C) Amplitude
 C) -2  D) Voltage
 D) between -2 and 2 4. A signal is measured at two
2. _________ can impair a signal. different points. The power is P1 at the
 A) Noise first point and P2 at the second point.
 B) Attenuation The dB is 0. This means ________.
 C) Distortion  A) P2 equals P1
  B) P2 is zero
 C) P2 is much larger than P1
 D) P2 is much smaller than P1
5. Baseband transmission of a digital
signal is possible only if we have a
____ channel.
 A) bandpass
 B) low-pass
 C) high rate
 D) low rate
6. ________ is a type of transmission
impairment in which the signal loses
strength due to the resistance of the
transmission medium.
 A) Distortion
 B) Attenuation
 C) Noise
 D) Decibel
7. A sine wave in the ______ domain
can be represented by one single spike
in the _____ domain.
 A) time; phase
 B) frequency; time
 C) time; frequency
 D) phase; time
8. If the bandwidth of a signal is 5 KHz
and the lowest frequency is 52 KHz,
what is the highest frequency?
 A) 5 KHz
 B) 47 KHz
 C) 57 KHz
 D) 10 KHz
9. In a time-domain plot, the
horizontal axis is a measure of
________.
 A) phase
 B) signal amplitude
 C) frequency
 D) time
10. _______ data are continuous and
take continuous values.
 A) digital
 B) analog
 C) (a) or (b)
 D) none of the above
11. Frequency and period are ______.
 A) proportional to each other
 B) inverse of each other
 C) the same
 D) none of the above
12. When propagation speed is
multiplied by propagation time, we get
the ________.
 A) wavelength of the signal
 B) throughput
 C) distance a signal or bit has
traveled
 D) distortion factor
13. A _________ sine wave is not
useful in data communications; we
need to send a _______ signal.
 A) single-frequency;
composite
 B) composite; single-
frequency This is the correct
answer.
 C) single-frequency; double-
frequency
 D) none of the above
14. The _________ product defines
the number of bits that can fill the
link.
 A) delay-amplitude
 B) frequency-amplitude
 C) bandwidth-period
 D) bandwidth-delay
15. _______ signals can have only a
limited number of values.
 A) Digital
 B) Analog
 C) (a) or (b)
 D) None of the above
16. Before data can be transmitted,
they must be transformed to
________.
 A) periodic signals
 B) electromagnetic signals
 C) aperiodic signals
 D) low-frequency sine waves
View Answer:
17. Data can be ________.
 A) digital
 B) analog
 C) (a) or (b)
 D) none of the above
18. ________ is a type of
transmission impairment in which the
signal loses strength due to the
different propagation speeds of each
frequency that makes up the signal.
 A) Noise
 B) Distortion
 C) Attenuation
 D) Decibel
19. Signals can be ________.
  A) digital and the lowest frequencies contained
 B) analog in that signal.
 C) either (a) or (b)  A) period
 D) neither (a) nor (b)  B) bandwidth
20. A sine wave is ________.  C) frequency
 A) periodic and discrete  D) amplitude
 B) aperiodic and discrete 28. ________ is a type of
 C) periodic and continuous transmission impairment in which an
 D) aperiodic and continuous outside source such as crosstalk
corrupts a signal.
21. _______ data have discrete states  A) Noise
and take discrete values.  B) Distortion
 A) Analog  C) Attenuation
 B) Digital  D) Decibel
 C) (a) or (b)
 D) None of the above 29. _______ describes the position of
22. For a ______ channel, we need to the waveform relative to time 0.
use the Shannon capacity to find the  A) Amplitude
maximum bit rate.  B) Phase
 A) noiseless  C) Frequency
 B) noisy  D) Voltage
 C) low-pass 30. Given two sine waves A and B, if
 D) bandpass the frequency of A is twice that of B,
then the period of B is ________ that
of A.
23. What is the bandwidth of a signal
that ranges from 1 MHz to 4 MHz?  A) one-half
 A) 1 KHz  B) twice
 B) 3 MHz  C) the same as
 C) 4 MHz  D) indeterminate from
 D) none of the above
24. _____ signals can have an infinite
number of values in a range.
 A) Analog 31. As frequency increases, the period
 B) Digital ________.
 C) (a) or (b)  A) increases
 D) None of the above  B) decreases
25. A(n)_________ signal is a  C) doubles
composite analog signal with an  D) remains the same
infinite bandwidth.
 A) digital 32. If the available channel is a ____
 B) analog channel, we cannot send a digital
 C) either (a) or (b) signal directly to the channel.
 D) neither (a) nor (b)  A) low-pass
 B) low rate
26. A periodic signal completes one  C) bandpass
cycle in 0.001 s. What is the  D) high rate
frequency?
 A) 1 Hz 33. For a ______ channel, the Nyquist
 B) 100 Hz bit rate formula defines the theoretical
 C) 1 KHz maximum bit rate.
 D) 1 MHz  A) low-pass
27. The _____ of a composite signal is  B) bandpass
the difference between the highest  C) noisy
  D) noiseless  A) sampling
34. In a frequency-domain plot, the
horizontal axis measures the  B) PAL
________.
 C) PCM
 A) phase
 B) frequency  D) none of the above
 C) slope
40. The minimum bandwidth of
 D) peak amplitude
Manchester and differential
Manchester is ____ that of NRZ.
35. Which of the following encoding
 A) the same as
methods does not provide for
synchronization?  B) twice
 A) RZ  C) thrice
 B) NRZ-L  D) none of the above
 C) NRZ-I 41. The signal rate is sometimes called
the ____ rate.
 D) Manchester
 A) bit
36. If the frequency spectrum of a
signal has a bandwidth of 500 Hz with  B) baud
the highest frequency at 600 Hz, what
should be the sampling rate, according  C) signal
to the Nyquist theorem?
 D) none of the above
 A) 200 samples/s
42. Unipolar, bipolar, and polar
 B) 500 samples/s encoding are types of _______
encoding.
 C) 1000 samples/s
 A) line
 D) 1200 samples/s
 B) block
37. In asynchronous transmission, the
gap time between bytes is _______.  C) NRZ

 A) variable  D) Manchester

 B) fixed

 C) zero

 D) a function of the data rate

38. ______ substitutes eight 43. ________ is normally referred to

consecutive zeros with 000VB0VB. as mB/nB coding; it replaces each m-
bit group with an n-bit group.
 A) B4B8
 A) Line coding
 B) B8ZS
 B) Block coding
 C) HDB3
 C) Scrambling
 D) none of the above
 D) None of the above
39. The most common technique to
change an analog signal to digital data 44. In ______ schemes, the voltages
is called __________. are on the both sides of the time axis.
For example, the voltage level for 0
can be positive and the voltage level 49. PCM is an example of _______
for 1 can be negative. conversion.

 A) unipolar  A) analog-to-analog

 B) bipolar  B) analog-to-digital

 C) polar  C) digital-to-digital

 D) all of the above  D) digital-to-analog

45. The ________ rate defines the

number of data elements sent in 1s;
the ______ rate is the number of 50. There are three sampling
signal elements sent in 1s. methods: __________.

 A) signal; data  A) ideal, natural, and flat-top

 B) data; signal  B) ideal, sampled, and flat-

top
 C) baud; bit
 C) quantized, sampled, and
 D) none of the above ideal

46. The idea of RZ and the idea of  D) none of the above

NRZ-L are combined into the
________ scheme. 51. In _______encoding, we use three
levels: positive, zero, and negative.
 A) Manchester
 A) unipolar
 B) differential Manchester
 B) polar
 C) both (a) and (b)
 C) bipolar
 D) neither (a) nor (b)
 D) none of the above
47. ________ provides
synchronization without increasing the 52. Block coding can help in _______
number of bits. at the receiver.

 A) Line coding  A) Synchronization

 B) Block coding  B) Error detection

 C) Scrambling  C) Attenuation

 D) None of the above  D) (a) and (b)

48. The Nyquist theorem specifies the
minimum sampling rate to
be_______.
 A) equal to the lowest
frequency of a signal
53. In Manchester and differential
Manchester encoding, the transition at
the middle of the bit is used for
__________.
 A) bit transfer

 B) equal to the highest  B) synchronization

frequency of a signal
 C) baud transfer
 C) twice the bandwidth of a
 D) none of the above
signal
54. _______ encoding has a transition
 D) twice the highest
at the beginning of each 0 bit.
frequency of a signal
  A) Differential Manchester  C) asynchronous

 B) Manchester  D) none of the above

 C) RZ 59. The idea of RZ and the idea of

NRZ-I are combined into the
 D) All the above ________ scheme.

 A) Manchester
55. In ______, the change or lack of  B) differential Manchester
change in the level of the voltage
determines the value of the bit.  C) both (a) and (b)

 A) NRZ-L  D) neither (a) nor (b)

 B) NRZ-I 60. In decoding a digital signal, the

receiver calculates a running average
 C) both (a) and (b) of the received signal power, called
the _______.
 D) neither (a) nor (b)
 A) base
56. In ___________ there is always a
transition at the middle of the bit, but  B) line
the bit values are determined at the
beginning of the bit. If the next bit is  C) baseline
0, there is a transition; if the next bit
is 1, there is none.  D) none of the above

 A) Manchester

 B) differential Manchester 61. In _________ transmission, we

send bits one after another without
 C) both (a) and (b) start or stop bits or gaps. It is the
responsibility of the receiver to group
 D) neither (a) nor (b) the bits.
57. In _______ encoding, the duration  A) synchronous
of the bit is divided into two halves.
The voltage remains at one level  B) asynchronous
during the first half and moves to the
other level in the second half. The  C) isochronous
transition at the middle of the bit
 D) none of the above
provides synchronization.
62. ______ finds the value of the
 A) Manchester
signal amplitude for each sample;
 B) differential Manchester ____ finds the change from the
previous sample.
 C) both (a) and (b)
 A) DM; CM
 D) neither (a) nor (b)
 B) DM; PCM
58. The ________ mode provides
synchronization for the entire stream  C) PCM; DM
of bits must. In other words, it
 D) none of the above
guarantees that the data arrive at a
fixed rate. 63. ______ substitutes four
consecutive zeros with 000V or B00V.
 A) isochronous
 A) HDB3
 B) synchronous
  B) B4B8 68. In _______ transmission, bits are
transmitted over a single wire, one at
 C) B8ZSf a time.
 D) none of the above  A) asynchronous serial

 B) synchronous serial

 C) parallel

 D) (a) and (b)

64. The ______ scheme uses three
levels (+V, 0, and -V) and three
transition rules to move between the
levels.

 A) 4B5B
69. The first step in PCM is ________.
 B) MLT-3
 A) quantization
 C) 2B1Q
 B) sampling
 D) none of the above
 C) modulation
65. While there is (are) only _____
way(s) to send parallel data, there is  D) none of the above
(are) _____ subclass(es) of serial
70. _______ encoding has a transition
transmission.
at the middle of each bit.
 A) one; two
 A) Manchester
 B) one; three
 B) Differential Manchester
 C) two; three
 C) RZ
 D) none of the above
 D) All the above
66. Which quantization level results in
71. In ______ transmission, we send
a more faithful reproduction of the
1 start bit (0) at the beginning and 1
signal?
or more stop bits (1s) at the end of
 A) 2 each byte.

 B) 8  A) synchronous

 C) 16  B) asynchronous

 D) 32  C) isochronous

67. A _________ digital signal  D) none of the above

includes timing information in the data
72. In _______ transmission, bits are
being transmitted.
transmitted simultaneously, each
 A) self-synchronizing across its own wire.

 B) self-transmitted  A) Asynchronous serial

 C) self-modulated  B) Synchronous serial

 D) none of the above  C) Parallel

 D) (a) and (b)


73. Which encoding method uses
alternating positive and negative
values for 1s?
78. ___________ conversion involves
three techniques: line coding, block
coding, and scrambling.
 A) Analog-to-analog

 A) AMI  B) Analog-to-digital

 B) RZ  C) Digital-to-analog

 C) NRZ-I  D) Digital-to-digital

 D) Manchester 79. The _____ scheme uses data

patterns of size 2 and encodes the 2-
74. The data rate is sometimes called bit patterns as one signal element
the ___ rate. belonging to a four-level signal.
 A) bit  A) MLT-3
 B) baud  B) 4B5B
 C) signal  C) 2B1Q
 D) none of the above  D) none of the above
75. _______ provides redundancy to
ensure synchronization and inherent
error detection.

 A) Line coding

 B) Block coding 80. In _____, the level of the voltage

determines the value of the bit.
 C) Scrambling
 A) NRZ-I
 D) None of the above
 B) NRZ-L
76. In _______ transmission, a start
bit and a stop bit frame a character  C) both (a) and (b)
byte.
 D) neither (a) nor (b)
 A) synchronous serial 81. ________ is the process of
converting digital data to a digital
 B) asynchronous serial signal.
 C) parallel
 A) Line coding
 D) (a) and (b)
 B) Block coding

77. Two common scrambling  C) Scrambling

techniques are ________.
 D) None of the above
 A) B8ZS and HDB3
82. In a _____ scheme, all the signal
 B) AMI and NRZ levels are on one side of the time axis,
 C) NRZ and RZ either above or below.

 D) Manchester and differential  A) unipolar

Manchester
 B) polar
  C) bipolar

 D) all of the above

=== NO CHEATING, GOODLUCK ===

- MORRE