The 7th International Conference of

Euro Asia Civil Engineering Forum

Stuttgart, Germany, 30.09.2019 - 02.10.2019

OPTIMIZATION OF FLY ASH AS CEMENT

SUBSTITUTION IN EARLY HIGH STRENGTH
CONCRETE USING COW BONE (FEMUR)
Galih Bhekti Sula Pratama1*, Regina Aprilia Zulfikar1, Fadhel Febrian Gafar1, Heriansyah Putra1*
1
Departement of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture Technology,
Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia
*Corresponding Author Email: galih_bhekti@apps.ipb.ac.id (GBP); heriansyahptr@apps.ipb.ac.id (HP)

ABSTRACT

This paper discussed the application of cow bone (femur) as the substitution material of fly ash
mixed cement in the early high strength concrete. Several amounts of fly ash are substituted to
reduce the use of cement. The effect of the utilization of fly ash is evaluated, and the optimum
combination of fly ash-cement is selected and is used as preliminary data for the substitution of the
cow bone (femur). The extraction method of cow bone (femur) were done with two phases. First
method was to degradation the organic with cleaned it from fat and meat, then it boiled for 5 hours
until the organic dissolved. The second was to reduction the particle size until it was same as cement
with heated it to oven in 60-80 oC for 24 hours. After that, cow bone was burned with furnace in 600
o
C for 3 hours. The cow bone (femur) of 25%, 50%, and 75% of the weight of fly ash are substituted
to the fly ash, and its effect on the early strength of concrete is evaluated. The mechanical test of
concrete for all the cases are conducted for the concrete age of 1 day to asses the early strength and
28 days to evaluate the design of concrete mixes. The result of this study shows that the fly ash-
cement with the composition of 10-90% is selected as the optimum condition, with the early strength
of concrete of 9 MPa. The addition of cow bone (femur) has a significant improvement in the early
strength of concrete. The substitution of cow bone (femur) of 25% generates the early strength of
concrete of 12 MPa. This study indicated that cow bone (femur) is a potential material to optimize
the utilization of the fly ash in the early high strength concrete.