WIND

ENERGY
Reporters:
Contreras, Kenneth Clyde
Gaudia, Christian
Tagolimot, Bryan Paul
Tarosa, Regelle
ME 5-C
Wind in Action?
When wind strikes an object, it exerts a force in an
attempt to move it out of the way. Some of the winds’
energy is transferred to the object, in this case the windmill,
causing it to move.
Wind Today!!! History of Wind usage:
• Windmills are used for •one of the earliest energy resources.
pumping water from deep •Recorded in history, first to power
boats and grind grain, later to pump
underground. water, press oil, saw lumber and
• Modern wind turbine is the make paper.
result of design and material •Windmills were mentioned at the
advances made during the beginning of Islamic civilization (7th
century).
1980s and 1990s, which •Windmills were developed in Persia
enabled wind turbines to and used paddles made of bundled
become increasingly reeds.
efficient. •Egyptians may have been the first to
• Today, wind turbines are size go up the Nile river around 4th
century B.C, powered by wind.
same as the traditional •Ancient Chinese used vertical axis
European windmill. It can windmills to grind grain and pump
generate 250 to 300 water.
kilowatts of power- a nearly •Windmills were introduced to Europe
tenfold increase in efficiency. by the crusaders around 1300 A.D
*windmills used for pumping water.
HOW DO YOU CONVERT WIND INTO
ELECTRICITY?
• Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy in the wind into
mechanical power. This mechanical power can be used for
specific tasks (such as grinding grain or pumping water) or a
generator can convert this mechanical power into electricity.
• A wind turbine works the opposite of a fan. Instead of using
electricity to make wind, like a fan, wind turbines use wind to
make electricity.
• The wind turns the blades, which spin a shaft, which The
energy in the wind turns two or three connects to a generator
and makes electricity. propeller-like blades around a rotor. The
rotor is connected to the main shaft, which spins a generator
to create electricity. Wind turbines are mounted on a tower to
capture the most energy. At 100 feet (30 meters) or more
above ground, they can take advantage of faster and less
turbulent wind.
 HOW DOES A WIND TURBINE
WORKS?
• Wind turbines operate on a simple
principle: The energy in the wind
turns the propeller-like blades
around a rotor. The pitch of the
blades makes optimum use of the
wind direction. The rotor is
connected to the main drive shaft,
which spins a generator to create
electricity. Wind turbines are
mounted on a tower to capture the
most energy. At 30 metres or
more above ground, they can take
advantage of faster and less
turbulent wind. Wind turbines can
be used to produce electricity for a
single home or building, or they
can be connected to an electricity
grid for more widespread
electricity distribution.
INCREASINGLY SIGNIFICANT
POWER SOURCE
WIND ENERGY NATURAL
CHARACTERISTICS
• Wind Speed
• Height
• Air Density
• Blade swept area
 TURBINES CONSTANTLY
IMPROVING
• Larger Turbines
• Specialized blade design
• Power electronics
• Computer modeling
–Produces more efficient design
• Manufacturing improvements
IMPROVED CAPACITY FACTOR
• Performance Improvements due to:
• Capacity Factors > 35% at good sites
• Examples (Year 2000)
– Big Spring, Texas
• 377% CF in first 9 months
– Springview, Nebraska
• 36% CF in first 9 months
 EXPECTATIONS FOR FUTURE
GROWTH
• 20,000 total turbines installed by 2010
• 6% of electricity supply by 2020
• India now ranks as a “Wind Superpower”
having a net potential of about 45000 MW
only from 13 identified states.
100,000 M of wind power installed by 2020
WIND ENERGY IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Philippines now has an operational wind energy capacity
of 400 MW, more than anything other country in
the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
region.
THE FUTURE OF WIND - OFFSHORE
• 1.5 - 6 MW per turbine
• 60-120 m hub height •
• 5 km from shore, 30m deep ideal
• Gravity foundation, pole, or tripod
formation
• Shaft can act as artificial reef •
• Drawbacks- T&D losses (underground
cables lead to shore) and visual eye sore
 WIND MILL DESIGN
• A Windmill captures
wind energy and then
uses a generator to
convert it to electrical
energy.
• The design of a
windmill is an integral
part of how efficient it
will be.
• When designing a
windmill, one must
decide on the size of
the turbine, and the size
of the generator.
ADVANTAGES OF WIND POWER
• Environmental Benefits
• Economic Development
Benefits
• Fuel Diversity & Conservation
Benefits
• Cost Stability Benefits
 SITE SELECTION TECHNICAL
FACTORS AFFECTING SITE
SELECTION
• High Average annual wind speed
• Low Cost of Construction
• Close Distance from Utility line or
customers
• Prevailing wind Direction
• Surface Roughness
 DISADVANTAGES
• Birds - A Serious Obstacle
• Noise Disturbances
• Cost of Wind Turbine
• Threat to Wildlife
• Wind Can Never Be Predicted
• Suited To Particular Region
• Visual Impact
Efficiency of Wind Energy

• Wind energy, also known as

wind power, is the means of
harnessing wind and turning
it into electricity. The average
wind efficiency of turbines is
between 35-45%.
 Wind Efficiency and Its Limit
• Windmills and Workers
• Wind efficiency is the amount of kinetic energy in the wind
that is converted to mechanical energy and electricity. Laws
of physics described by Betz Limit says the maximum
theoretical limit is 59.6%. The wind requires the rest of the
energy to blow past the blades. This is in fact good. If a
turbine trapped 100% of energy wind would stop blowing and
the blades of a turbine cannot turn to produce electricity.
• It is, however, not possible for any machine, at present to
convert all of the trapped 59.6% of kinetic energy from wind to
electricity. There are limits due to the way generators are
made and engineered, which further decrease the amount of
energy that is finally converted to power. The average at
present is 35-45%, as noted above. The maximum at peak
performance could reach 50% according to Wind Watch. An
Australian government document (NSW) also agrees that
50% is the maximum wind efficiency that can be obtained.
• Energy efficiency does not vary as much as wind capacity
factor does which is dependent to a great extent on location
and weather conditions.
What are the factors that affect
the efficiency of wind turbine?
• The three main factors that influence power
output are: wind speed, air density, and blade
radius. Wind turbines need to be in areas with a
lot of wind on a regular basis, which is more
important than having occasional high winds.
• Blade Strength, Weight, and the Performance of
Wind Turbines. The power output of a wind
turbine is dependent on the efficiency of the
blades, gear assembly, alternator/dynamo, as
well as wind speed and wind consistency. ...
Some of the factors affecting wind turbine
performance include blade weight, strength,
and shape.