Wood dust can be hazardous, particularly when it is hard wood dust which is known, in

rare cases, to lead to nasal cancer. Composite boards, such as medium-density fibreboard
(MDF), are hazardous due to the resin bonding material used which also can be
carcinogenic. There are three types of wood based boards available: laminated board,
particle board and fibreboard. The resins used to bond the fibreboard together contain
formaldehyde (usually urea formaldehyde). It is generally recognised that formaldehyde is
‘probably carcinogenic to humans’ and is subject to a occupational exposure limit (OEL). At
low exposure levels, it can cause irritation to the eyes, nose and throat and can lead to
dermatitis, asthma and rhinitis. The main problems are most likely to occur when the MDF is
being machined and dust is produced. A suitable risk assessment should be made and
gloves and appropriate masks should always be worn when machining MDF. However, it is
important to stress that safer materials are available which do not contain formaldehyde and
these should be considered for use in the first instance.

Wood dust is produced whenever wood materials are machined, particularly sawed,
sanded, bagged as dust from dust extraction units or during cleaning operations especially
if compressed air is used. The main hazards associated with all wood dusts are skin
disorders, nasal problems, such as rhinitis, and asthma. There is also a hazard from fi re
and explosion.

A hazardous substance assessment is essential to show whether the particular wood dust
is hazardous. When the wood dust is created inside a woodworking shop a well-designed
extraction system is essential. Personal protective equipment in the form of gloves, suitable
respiratory protective equipment, overalls and eye protection may also be necessary as a
result of the assessment. Finally, good washing and welfare facilities are also essential.