REINFORCED CONCRETE

STRUCTURE I

“Design Assumption”
Revised : 17-September-2013

Prepared By : LB3

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND PLANNING
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
1
 Design Assumptions
1. Strain in reinforcement and concrete shall be assumed directly
proportional to the distance from the neutral axis.

2. Strain in steel and surrounding concrete is the same prior to

cracking of the concrete or yielding of the steel.

3. Tensile Strength of Concrete shall be neglected in flexural

calculation of reinforced concrete.

Prepared By : LB3. 2
 Design Assumptions
4. Maximum usable strain at extreme concrete compression fiber
shall be assumed equal to u = 0.003.

5. Stress in reinforcement fs below the yield strength fy shall be

taken as Es times the steel strain s . For strains greater than
fy/Es, stress in reinforcement shall be considered independent
of strain and equal to fy.

6. Relationship between concrete compressive stress distribution

and concrete strain shall be assumed to be rectangular.

3
 Design Assumption #1

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 Design Assumption #1

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 Design Assumption #6
Parabolic Stress-Strain distribution in concrete may be considered satisfied by
an equivalent rectangular concrete stress distribution.

30MPa 58MPa

 f ' c  30 
1  0.85     0.05  0.65
 7 
SNI-03-2847-2002, pasal 12.2.7.3

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 Design Assumption #6
Relationship between concrete compressive stress distribution and concrete
strain shall be assumed to be rectangular, trapezoidal, parabolic, or any other
shape that results in prediction of strength in substantial agreement with results
of comprehensive tests.

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 Force Equilibrium

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 REINFORCED CONCRETE
STRUCTURE

“Analysis and Design of Single RC Beam”

Revised : 17-September-2013

Prepared By : LB3

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND PLANNING
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI SEPULUH NOPEMBER
SURABAYA
9
 Balanced Strain Condition

Condition where the yield of steel reinforcement and the crushing of outer concrete
compressive fiber occur at the same time.
Or condition when ultimate strain of concrete occur the same time as steel yield strain

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 Balanced Strain Condition
Strain linear relationship :
cb u

d u   y
u 0.003 600
 
u   y 0.003  fy / 200000 600  fy

From force equilibrium :

Cb  Tb
0.85 f c'bab  Asb f y
0.85 f c'b1cb   bbdf y

0.851 f c' cb
b 
fy d
0.851 f c' 600
b 
fy 600  f y

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 Balanced Strain Condition
To ensure the structure is under reinforced condition :
0.851 f c' 600
 max  0.75b  0.75
fy 600  f y
Minimum reinforcement for flexural member :
3 f c' 1.4
As min  bw d  bw d
fy fy

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 Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam

Design of reinforced concrete beam is used to design the beam dimension with
only known moment forces. Other rules in RC design can also be based on ACI
318-99 or SNI 2847-2002.

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 Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Force Equilibrium :
C T
0.85 f c'ba  As f y  bdf y
As f y df y
a 
0.85 f c'b 0.85 f c'
Moment Equilibrium :
 a
M n  C or T  d  
 2
 0.5d f y 
M n  bdf y d  
 0.85 f c' 
A nominal strength coefficient of resistance (Rn) is obtained when both sides of
Eq. above are divided by bd2 :
Mn  0.5f y 
Rn  2
 f 
y 1 

' 
bd  0.85 f c 

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 Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
When b and d are preset (determined),  is obtained by solving the quadratic
equation for Rn :

 0.5 f y2  2
    fy  Rn  0
 0.85 f ' 
 c 

0.85 f c'  2 Rn 

1  1  1 
f y  0.85 f c' 

Equation above can be used to determine the steel ratio  given Mu or vice-versa
if the section properties b and q are known. Substituting Mn = Mu/ into
Equation above and divided each side by f’c :
Mu f y  0.5f y  f y
Rn    1   ;  
f c'bd 2 f c'  0.85 f c'  f c'

  1  0.59 
Mu
f 'cbd 2

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 Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam
Example of design using graphics guide of single RC beam in flexure.

Home Work :
1. Create a graphics for single
reinforced concrete beam with
various f’c and fy.
2. Use the constraint of fy in one
graphics for example fy : 240
MPa, 300 MPa, 320 MPa, 350
MPa, 400 MPa.
3. Use several f’c in one graphics
for example f’c : 20 MPa, 25
MPa, 30 MPa, 35 MPa, 40 MPa,
45 Mpa, 50 MPa.

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 Example Design [1]
Example Design :
Design the concrete section of the beam, which is simple supported and are
loaded as below : [f’c = 35 MPa, fy = 400 MPa].

Ql=1.5t/m;Qd=1t/m

L=6m
1 1
M d  qd l 2   1 6 2  4.5tm  44.1kNm
8 8
1 1
M l  ql l 2   1.5  6 2  6.75tm  66.15kNm
8 8
M u  1.2M d  1.6M l  1.2  44.1  1.6  66.15  158.76kNm

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 Example Design [1]
#1 Determine maximum reinforcement ration (max) for material strength f’c =
35 MPa and fy = 400 MPa.
 f ' c  30 
 1  0.85     0.05  0.65
 7 
 35  30  Calculating 1
 1  0.85     0.05  0.65
 7 
 1  0.814  0.65

 0.851 f c' 600 

 max  0.75 bal  0.75  
 fy 600  fy 
Calculating max :  0.85  0.814  35 600 
 max  0.75 
 400 600  400 
 max  0.0272

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 Example Design [1]
#2 Compute bd2 required :
Mn Mu  0.5f y 
Rn    f 
y 1 

' 
bd 2
bd 2
 0.85 f c 
 0.5  0.0272  400 
Rn  0.0272  4001    8.625MPa
 0.85  35 
M 158.76 1000000
bd 2  u   23008696mm3
Rn 0.8  8.625
#3 Determine Size member so that bd2 > bd2 required :
b  250mm
23008696
d  303.37mm
250
Minimum Beam Depth (h) = d + cover + dh + db/2
Minimum Beam Depth (h) = 303.37 + 40 +10 + 8 = 361.37 mm  400 mm
d = h – cover – dh – db/2 = 342 mm

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 Example Design [1]
#4 Using the 400 mm beam depth (h), compute a revised value of  :
Mu
Rn 
bd 2
M u 158.76 1000000
Rn    6.786MPa
bd 2
0.8  250  342 2

0.85 f c'  2 Rn 
   min  1.4
 max  1  1 
f y  0.85 f c' 
 fy
0.85  35  2  6.786  1.4 1.4
 max  0.0272    1  1     min  
400  0.85  35  fy 400
 max  0.0272    0.0196   min  0.0035

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 Example Design [1]
#5 Compute As Required :
As =  x b x d
As = 0.0196 x 250 x 342
As = 1675.80 mm2
Use 6 D19 (As=1701 mm2)

#6 CrossCheck The Moment Nominal with Moment Ultimate :

As f y 1701400
a   91.48mm
0.85 f 'cb 0.8535250
 a  91.48 
M n  As f y  d    0.8 1701 400   342    161.26kNm
 2  2 
M u  158.76kNm  M n  161.26kNm

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 Example Analysis [2]
Example Analysis :
Analyze the Moment Nominal Capacity (Mn) of the beam below : [f’c = 35
MPa, fy = 400 MPa].

d=350mm h=400mm

3D19
Cover+dh+db/2=50mm

b=250mm

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 Example Analysis [2]
Example Analysis :
Analyze the Moment Nominal Capacity (Mn) of the beam below : [f’c = 35
MPa, fy = 400 MPa].
As  3  0.25   192  850mm2
As f y 850  400 C
a   45.71mm a
0.85 f b c
'
0.85  35  250

 a
M n  As f y  d   d
 2
d-a/2
 45.71 
M n  850  400   350  
 2 
M n  111.229kNm T

M u  M n
M n  0.8111.229  88.983kNm

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Example Design 1 :
Calculate the lateral reinforcement requirement for beam size of
150x350mm which supported nominal moment load of 110kN-m,
with fc’ =30 Mpa, fy=300 Mpa.

Solution:
9
Mn 110.106
2
 2
 5.98 8

bd 150.350 7

From Rn chart we get:

Mn/bd2

4
  0.023 3

As  bd  0.023 *150 * 350 2

1
As  1207.5 mm 2
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

use 4D20  1256.6 mm 2  = As/bd

24
 Home Work:

2. Solve Problem 5.1

3. By using your own graph, Solve Problem 5.5.a