Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ENGINEERING
Team members:
No. Name Matric no
1. MIQDAD MOHD ZAINUDIN 1222489
2. MUHAMAD IZZAT MOHTAR 1227783
3. MUHAMMAD FARIS MAZIDA 1228795
4. FAHMI AWA 1221991
5. MUHAMMAD SUBHI BAKHIR 1223929
6. SUHAILI HANANI BAHAUDIN 1314962
Contents
LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................................ 3
LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................................. 4
CHAPTER 1 .......................................................................................................................................... 5
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................... 5
1.2 OBJECTIVES ......................................................................................... 7
1.3 BENCHMARK ....................................................................................... 7
CHAPTER 2 .......................................................................................................................................... 9
PROPOSED SOLUTION ..................................................................................................................... 9
2.1 Overview .................................................................................................. 9
2.2 Design Attribute and Criteria ............................................................... 9
2.2.1 CENTRIFUGAL PUMP ........................................................................................................ 9
2.2.2 MOTORCYCLE, HONDA EX5 ......................................................................................... 10
2.2.3 FORCE BODY DIAGRAM ................................................................................................ 12
CHAPTER 3 ........................................................................................................................................ 15
DESIGN ............................................................................................................................................... 15
3.1 OVERVIEW ............................................................................................. 15
3.2 DESIGN .................................................................................................... 16
3.2.1 ENABLERS ........................................................................................... 17
3.2.1.1 PUMP ............................................................................................................................... 17
3.2.1.2 IMPELLER ................................................................................................................. 19
3.2.1.3 PADDOCK ...................................................................................................................... 20
3.2.1.4 HOSE ............................................................................................................................... 21
3.2.1.5 BEARING AND SHAFT ................................................................................................ 22
CHAPTER 4 ........................................................................................................................................ 24
PERFORMANCE INTERGRATION .............................................................................................. 24
1
4.3.2 Physical Properties ............................................................................................................. 27
4.3.3 Mechanical Properties ....................................................................................................... 27
2
LIST OF TABLES
3
LIST OF FIGURES
4
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 OVERVIEW
Agricultural sector is one of the most important sectors in Malaysia. The main agricultural
activity in our country is paddy plantations specifically wetland paddy. Wetland paddy is the
primary paddy type planted in Malaysia and comprises of different varieties of paddy. Due to
geographical factors, this semi-aquatic paddy is very suitable with Malaysia’s climate as we
have a uniform temperature, high humidity and lots of rain1.
According to statistic on 2010 mentioned in Utusan Online2, there are 172,230 wetland paddy’s
farmers in Malaysia that cultivate 673,745 hectars arable land. Yet, this large value still did not
manage to fulfil the targeted paddy production’s percentages that have been launched b55 |
P a g e y our late second Prime Minister, Tun Abdul Razak, on 1971 which is exactly 46 years
ago. This is due to the increase of imported rice from neighbour countries as we itself did not
manage to fulfil the consumers need. Thus, it increased the competition among local product
and imported product.
However, this situation gives bigger impact to the small scale farmers than large scale farmers
that cultivate on granary area. Granary area referred to major irrigation schemes (area greater
than 4000 hectares) and recognized by the Government in the National Agricultural Policy as
the main paddy producing areas. These farmers received help and support from the
Government to maintain their paddy’s production. Compare to small scale farmers, they
struggle to maintain their paddy’s productivity rate and have to solve any technical problems
by themselves without having large sum of money as modal.
One of the obstacles faced by the farmers is supplying enough water to their paddy lots.
Therefore, our team has come out with a solution to encounter it and at the same time influence
their paddy’s quality and quantity thus indirectly increases the productivity of our nation’s
paddy. Through mechanical approach, we come out with an idea to maximise the function of
1
http://www.met.gov.my/web/metmalaysia/education/climate/generalclimateofmalaysia
2
http://www.utusan.com.my/rencana/utama/bajet-2016-pemerkasaan-bidang-pertanian-1.151519
5
existing components and create a new innovation which we called as “Portable Mechanical
Centrifugal Pump”.
Basically our idea is to use centrifugal pump to suck water from water source and flow it to the
paddy lots with power provided by the rear wheel of a motorcycle. The motorcycle’s engine
will provide enough torque to the rear wheel to turn in contact shaft that will be connected to
the centrifugal pump. Later on, the turning shaft will turn the impeller inside the pump and
suck water before pushing it through a hose as an output.
Actually, the cause of the obstacle is, the distance between the paddy lot with water source is
far, approximately 54 meters. As mentioned above, wetland’s paddy is a semi-aquatic paddy
which for it growing, the paddy’s lot must be filled with certain volume of water according to
the paddy’s growing cycle. If the volume of water is less or more than it supposed to be, it will
affect the paddy productivity as the paddy might die or the growing rate will be stunted. The
size of one paddy lot is 2877.78 meters square and usually the lot must be filled with 10 cm
depth of water, meaning 1 lot of paddy need 287 778 litre of water.
Based on our study, currently the most used solution for the small scale farmer is water pump
generator. The sad truth is, the farmers do not afford to buy this pump so alternatively they rent
it whenever they wanted to used it. It is not a smart decision since the pump generator is a
heavy duty type, powered by diesel and not user friendly.
In order to fulfil the unmet needs, we are targeting to invent a smart investment product. First
of all, we will assume the farmers have their own motorcycle to reduce the cost of this product
and to maximise the function of their own possession. We also want to reduce human workforce
by using motorcycle as source of power. Plus, our bench mark for design is portable. With
that, we are targeting to produce a cost efficient product that every small scale farmers are
affords to take it home.
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1.2 OBJECTIVES
1.3 BENCHMARK
Our team made a study regarding existing method that supplied water to the plantation.
The result of our study is shows per Table 1 below.
Based on the Table 1 above, out of five approaches only three managed to fulfil all
requirements needed by the farmers. The two methods that failed to supply water to the
plantation are water drip irrigation and water sprinkle system. Water drip irrigation is a method
that applicable and suitable for an area that has small quantity of rain and lack of clean water.
7
Meanwhile, water sprinkle system has small flow rate and high time consuming which would
not be useful for paddy’s farmers.
Out of the three methods, the most efficient ones is water pump generator that used
diesel to power up. But due to its disadvantage which is high cost, it become less suitable and
not affordable for small scale farmers.
On the other side, water drains system is a traditional method that has been passed
down from one generation to another. The farmers will make continuous drain around the lot
and flows water through it. The concern with this method is, water could only flowing and
reached until certain distance causing farther paddy’s lot left unreachable.
Meanwhile, for water displacement pump, it required human work force to make it
functioning. It is very out dated and drained the farmer energy.
As a summary, the mechanical centrifugal pump must be design to defeat these unmet
characteristics in order to achieve its objectives to become a smart invention.
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CHAPTER 2
PROPOSED SOLUTION
2.1 Overview
The purpose of the idea has been described in chapter 1. This chapter will describe about the
attribute and characteristic of the design. The portable mechanical centrifugal water pump
consist of certain components which are paddock, centrifugal pump, bearing, impeller in the
centrifugal pump, shaft and also host for intake and output of water.
To achieve the goal of the idea proposed, a few calculations have been done in order to ensure
the prototype meet the requirement and work as desired. The target of this device is to fulfil
the paddy field when the water level in the paddy field decrease. Therefore, the pump should
supply water to paddy field at flow rate of 400L/min, or 24000L/hr. The water reservoir such
as river will be the main supply of water to the paddy field in village by using the pump. The
pressure needed to pull the water from reservoir is 1.951bar, when the distance between the
pump level and the water level is 20m. Input host will connect the reservoir to the pump, and
the output host will drain the water to the paddy field. For the calculation is as mention in 2.2.1,
9
Find Power needed to achieve flow rate.
1 𝑁𝑚
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 = 𝑓𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑥 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 = 0.4 × × 1.95164 × 105 = 1301.067
60 𝑠𝑒𝑐
We assume Ƞ of pump is 0.70, assumption is made by on the size of pump. A small size
1301.067
𝑃𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟 (𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡) = = 1858.67 𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑡
0.7
Specifications:
90
𝑡𝑖𝑟𝑒 ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 = 100 × 70 = 0.063𝑚
10
0.4318
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑙 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = + 0.063𝑚 = 0.2789𝑚
2
Thus, 1 cycle of rear wheel equal to 1.75238m distance travel by the motorcycle.
1 Rev = 1.75238m
Assume 𝑛𝑑 = 0.85 ;
Power developed at wheel > Power need by shaft to deliver to the pump
Using flow rate 400L/min = 0.4 m3/min to fill 1 cm of water in 1 paddy lot,
28.7778
Time taken for 1 cm depth = = 71.9445
0.4
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2.2.3 FORCE BODY DIAGRAM
Find traction force at wheel.
Find friction force between contact surfaces (rear wheel (rubber) meet shaft (rubber)
𝜇 = 1.16 ; 𝑁 = 𝑚𝑔 = 485.595 𝑁
𝐹𝑓𝑠 = 𝜇𝑁 = 563.29 N
𝐹𝑓 = 𝜇𝑁 = 189.8175 𝑁
13
From the calculation that we have done, it can be said that Motorcycle such as Honda
EX5 (97.99cc) which commonly used by our target consumer for their everyday ride, is capable
of running our pump. This can be seen by comparing the power needed by the pump and the
power produce at the wheel of the motorcycle which surpass the required power.
As to make our device capable to be universally use and not only focusing on that
particular motorcycle only, below is the list of others motorcycle specification that commonly
used by our target consumer comparing it with the requirement from our device.
(horsepower)
It can be stated clearly that most of our consumer ‘daily ride’ motorcycle is more than
capable of running our device if we compared it through our theoretical calculation outcomes.
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CHAPTER 3
DESIGN
3.1 OVERVIEW
In this section, the enablers or system components will be discussed in detail. The system
components are the component required to completed and run the design including
specification, characteristics and overall architecture. For our design, the main components
No Components Specification
1 Rear Tire Of Motorcycle Torque Rear Tire: 9.12 N.M
Power Rear Tire: 2hp
Rpm: 1105.46rpm
4 Hose Diameter:55mm
Output:54meter Long
Input: 0.5-1.5meter Long
5 Roller Shaft And Oil Seal Diameter : 19mm
Length: 350mm
6 Bearing (Roller Bearing) -
15
3.2 DESIGN
In this section, the part of the device will be explained. The basic part of this project are consist
of pump, paddock stand and shaft. The sketch and the design of the part as shown below in
16
3.2.1 ENABLERS
3.2.1.1 PUMP
I. GENERAL
Another important component for this design is water pump. The type for water pump
used in this design is centrifugal type-using mechanical power to run the pump. By
definition itself, water pump’s function is to deliver and transmit water from one point to
another point by increasing the water pressure. The pump required to deliver water 400-
600 liter per minutes in order to achieve 1cm level increasing in paddy field. The pump
itself is assembly from several parts which is impeller, pump casing, impeller case, oil seal
and mechanical seal, and input and output source. The pump will be welded into the
paddock as we seen in full architecture design above. After we are doing survey, the body
of pump is made of cast iron which is difficult to weld but as alternative, we may be using
a drilling, nut and fastener to stick the pump into the paddock. The pump must be designed
in air-tight mode and any leakage does not permissible. We are using oil seal and
mechanical seal to keep the pump in air-tight mode. A centrifugal pump is a piece of
precision machinery that must not be subjected to external strains beyond those it was
17
designed to encounter. It must be installed in the intended position, carefully aligned, and
Brand snb-50x-6
Body Size
RPM 3600
Horsepower 4.15Hp
Mechanical Seal -
18
3.2.1.2 IMPELLER
design. Centrifugal force pushes the liquid outward from the eye of the impeller where it
enters the casing. Differential head can be increased by turning the impeller faster. The
impeller and the fluid being pumped are isolated from the outside by using mechanical
seals. In our intended-use pump, the impeller use semi-open type of impeller which is has
Weight 0.5Kg
Size 116mm
No of Impeller 1
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3.2.1.3 PADDOCK
Adjustable Swing
Arm Holder
410mm
Roller
Joint
Paddock stand rear is use to lift up the rear tire of motorcycle by holding swing arm.
The using of paddock is to increase the stability of motorcycle. The pump and bearing will be
welded to the paddock. Easy to assembly and require small space only because of joint.
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Table 6: Paddock Specification
Attribute 1-Roller
2-Ability to dissemble
3.2.1.4 HOSE
Figure 6: Hose
A hose is a flexible hollow tube designed to carry fluids from one location to another. The
shape of a hose is cylindrical (having a circular cross section). In our project, two hose are
needed for input water and output water. The design of hose should be foldable and light-
21
Table 7: Hose Specification
Hose Brand
Input Hose
Output Hose
2-Light-weight
To the Impeller
Plain/Roller Bearing
22
Bearing is used to hold and allow the shaft that connecting to impeller of shaft to rotate when
the rear tires is rotate. The bearing will be welded into the top of hollow metal of paddock with
the shaft will be inserted into the bearing straight to the impeller. The oil seal or key will be
used to hold firm the shaft in the bearing to remove the slipping. When the design is in the
ready mode, the shaft should be in contact with the rear tire and rotating as the tire rotate. The
design of shaft also needed to be high friction when in contact with tire to avoid the slipping
using rubber itself, oil seal or modified the surface of the shaft.
Size of Bearing 19 x 30 x 12
Maximum Load
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CHAPTER 4
PERFORMANCE INTERGRATION
4.2 Paddock
The material that is used for paddock is AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel. AISI 1018 mild/low
carbon steel has excellent weldability and produces a uniform and harder case and it is
considered as the best steel for carburized parts. AISI 1018 mild/low carbon steel offers a good
balance of toughness, strength and ductility. Provided with higher mechanical properties, AISI
1018 hot rolled steel also includes improved machining characteristics and Brinell hardness.
Element Content
Phosphorous, P ≤ 0.040 %
Sulfur, S ≤ 0.050 %
24
4.2.2 Physical Properties
25
In order to test the strength of the paddock, FEA analysis is used. The analysis is to
determine the maximum Von Mises Stress of the paddock. For the test, we use 250 kg/ 2.5kN
From the result we can see that there is nearly zero deformation with the yielding factor of
4.3 Shaft
The material that is used for shaft is AISI 1018 medium carbon steel. AISI 1045 steel is a
medium tensile steel supplied in the black hot rolled or normalized condition. It has a tensile
strength of 570 - 700 MPa and Brinell hardness ranging between 170 and 210.
Element Content
Phosphorous, P ≤ 0.040 %
26
4.3.2 Physical Properties
27
From the calculation of our shaft, we can get the yield and fatigue factor of safety for the shaft.
4.4 Bearing
Lifetime coefficient, P = 3
28
n – Rotational speed of the bearing (rpm)
Based on the result on the lifetime of the bearing, we can see that it is in between 300-3000. It
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Chapter 5
PROJECT PLANNING
In order to complete this project, our group must have strong project management, including
position of all group members, Gantt chart, and bill of material. This management is important
to ensure all the works can be completed, not exceed the budget provided, and also to ensure
Therefore, all of the members have specific position pointed. The group leader is act as
brainstormer and must make sure all group members do their parts and follow the direction
provided. Mechanical and components manager must make sure all the parts can be obtained
before the design be conducted. In addition, the other position is Head Designer where the
obligation is to design the device using solid work. Project simulator and analyzer must run the
porotype and analyze the component in order to make sure the device can work properly.
This team consist of 6 members which are all from Mechanical Automotive. Each tema
members are given out different roles and responsibility to complete this project. The
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5.2 DEVELOPMENT PLAN
The project is done by following development plan that are decided by each team member and
supervisor together. Starting from the first meeting, all group members were discussing about
what type of problem to be worked on and how to solve it. After the problem is chosen, the
solution idea is proposed to the supervisor for approval. After the project idea is approved, the
problem and solution are analyzed further for better understanding and come out with a good
solution. Next, the product component are analyzed and decided which specification is suitable
for the project. After that, all the components are bought and assembled to become a target
product. Finally, the report of the project is finalized and presentation about the project is done.
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Table 13: Gantt Chart
Week/Task 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Project selection
Brainstorming of project
Research
Benchmarking
Introduction of project
Selection of part
Design analysis
Design drawing
Procurement process
Vidsume
Final report
Project presentation
32
5.3 Bill of materials
For parts that we bought, the price is mentioned below in the table. All of this part bought from
33
Chapter 6
Business Plan
6.1 INTRODUCTION
The business plan will be made by using business model canvas. Figure shows the
The performance of this pump almost competent compare with conventional pump. It
has almost similar output with the diesel generator. Also Pumeca pump use rear wheel
motorcycle to run the impeller which is we assume every small farmers have their own
motorcycle. This pump also easy to setup and also low cost in maintenance.
34
6.3 Key Activities
Key activities for this product is to assemble the raw material into a complete product. We are
responsible to manufacture and design the product to meet the specification from the customer.
The key resources to build this product is to have enough human power to weld and assemble
the product. On the other hand, designer of the product is important to have a good design and
geometry. Furthermore engineers will analyse the design in order to meet the engineering target.
The key partner for this product is the pump manufacturer. Pump manufacturer is needed to
get the best price of the centrifugal pump. Also we can deal with motorcycle dealer to market
In order to maintain the relationship with customer, there will be a demonstration to teach
customers how to use Pumeca. The demonstration can be in term of exhibition, video, or social
media.
6.7 Channels
Channels is important in order to sells this product. the easiest channel is through online
shopping website like mudah.my, Lazada and others. Also we can involve the government
bodies like MADA, FAMA, KADA, MUDA and many others agriculture sectors.
35
6.8 Cost
The cost that we need to take into account is the assembly cost, manufacturing cost, marketing
cost and transportation cost. All these cost is include human workforce and also storage.
6.9 Revenue
From all the business canvas above, we can generate the income through our sales. In other
hand after sales approach is need to increase the revenue. For example, we sales spare parts
and accessories to the customer. And also there is warranty sale to sustain their purchases.
From the survey we make, we can say that over 50% of the paddy farmer is considered as small
farmer with their paddy field less than 5 hectare. This statistic can be seen from the Table 10
below.
So that from the data above, we can see that many paddy farmers depend on others
to acquired their resource such as water pump, fertilizer, machinery and finance. There are
approximately 172,230 paddy farmers according to MADA. Assuming that for the first year,
the cost of the one Pumeca pump is RM 650. Assuming the start-up for marketing and
branding cost is about RM 30,000. The product will be sale at RM 750 per pump including
36
warranty. The expected product will be sale is 300 units in the first year. So the total revenue
may be:
In second year of the sale, we may cut the production and branding cost for RM 20,000
in a year, and the sales projection is about 500 units in the second year. So the total gross
Total cost (2nd year) = (500 unit x RM 650) – RM 20, 000 = RM 305,000
In the third year of sale, assuming we made reduction cost for each unit of pump for
about RM 50. The cost for one pump is RM 600 and the unit sell is remain unchanged for
In the fourth year of sale, assuming we boost up the product with the total of RM
50,000 for marketing and showcase so that the total sale for 4th year is about 1000 units. So
37
Total revenue (4th year) = 1000 unit x RM 750 = RM 750,000
In the fifth year of sales projection, assume the maintaining from the previous sales
and the cost of marketing is approximately about RM 100,000. With this year sales is about
In Figure 9 shows the sales projection in five years. Starting from year 2, we start to make a
profit.
Years
Figure 9: Sales projection
38
Chapter 7
The use of petrol for this pump was able to reduce the emission, compared to conventional
pump. Most of conventional water pump use diesel as source of energy. Combustion of diesel
produce more carbon monoxide, Sulphur dioxide, and produce more black smoke. The
conventional water pumps also are heavy, and not user friendly. Therefore, the Pumeca Pump,
are less emissive, and more user friendly compared to conventional water pump.
Besides that, the impeller that use to spin the water inside the centrifugal pump are made from
cast iron. Cast iron is a metal where it is resistance to corrosion. This characteristic is very
crucial in order to ensure the long life of the Pumeca Pump. User can save their money, and
One of the most important thing in Pumeca Pump is that it was assembled part by part. If one
part broken, users can change only that part easily. They can find the part from any hardware
store near their house. In addition, user that buy this product can request the warranty up to two
years. Any part broken and not cause by themselves, they can claim to us.
39
7.2. Warning of the Product
Gasket become the sealer between the shaft and the centrifugal pump. it contributes
very important rule in centrifugal pump, which is to ensure the pump is vacuum. Therefore,
any time that the water pump is serviced and the gaskets are removed, user must replace the
gaskets. Gaskets are inexpensive, and a faulty gasket will cause the pump to leak.
Besides that, water pressure is caused by resistance to flow. If a force tries to move water and
there is resistance to that movement for example rock or sand, then the water becomes
pressurized. The flow of water will be disturbed, and affect the flowrate. In order to void any
tiny object to enter the pump, user must make sure filter is attached at the tip of the intake hose
so that no sand or rock will enter the pump and cause failure.
Rock or sand within the working pump can cause the pump case to crack and no vacuum inside
the pump. User also must ensure that there is enough water present in the centrifugal pump to
If user noticed low water output, one of the first things to check is the water pump shaft rpm
to ensure it is spinning within specifications. User needs to Increase the motorcycle gear so that
the speed of the tyre increase. As the tyre speed increase, the shaft that attached to the tire will
40
7.3. Safety and health
There are certain precautions where user need to pay serious attention. User must avoid
children from playing around the working device. The high speed of rotating shaft may cause
Besides that, user must place the paddock below the motorcycle swing arm correctly before
they run the device. The heavy motorcycle may not be stable, when position of the swing arm
is not correct. Any misplaced can cause the motorcycle fall and cause failure.
Other than that, user also must make sure the exhaust hose place correctly when operate the
pump. Never point the hose to other people without any reason. This is because the high
pressure water at exhaust hose can cause injury when directed toward people.
Finally, user must avoid to much exposure to the running engine. Exposure to loud noise can
damage the ear and cause hearing loss. Use of earplug during running of this device will be
better.
41