Web 2 Marks

1.Define Protocol?
A protocol is a precise set of rules defining how components communicate, addresses,

how data is split into packets
2.What are Web Servers?
A Web Server is software that accepts HTTP requests from web clients and returns an
appropriate resource in the HTTP response.
3. Define Web Clients.
A Web Client is software that accesses a web server by sending an HTTP
request message and processing the resulting HTTP response.
4.What are the types of XML Parsers?
There are two types
Validating Parsers
Non-Validating Parsers
5.What are external style sheets?
The style sheets which has been stored in separate files and included in an HTML
documents through the use of a link element are known as external style sheets.
6.What is a Javascript statement? Give an example.

A JavaScript statement is a command to a browser. The purpose of the command is to
tell the browser what to do. This JavaScript statement tells the browser to write "Hello
Dolly" to the web page: document. write ("Hello Dolly"); It is normal to add a semicolon
at the end of each executable statement. Most people think this is a good programming
practice, and most often you will see this in JavaScript examples on the web.
7.What are the six JavaScript data types?
i. Number
ii. String
iii. Boolean
iv. Null
v. Object
vi. Undefined
8.What is the purpose of XSLT?
The XSLT stands for XSL Transformations and XSL stands for eXtensible Stylesheet
Language. The XSLT is used for defining the XML document transformation and
presentations.
9.Differentiate between HTML and XML.
BASIS FOR
XML HTML
COMPARISON
Expands to Extensible Markup Language Hypertext Markup Lan

BASIS FOR
XML HTML
COMPARISON
Basic Provides a framework for specifying HTML is predefined ma
markup languages. language.
Structural Information Does not contain struc
Provided information
Language type Case sensitive Case insensitive
Purpose of the Transfer of information Presentation of the da
language
Errors Not allowed Small errors can be ig
Whitespace Can be preserved. Does not preserve whi
spaces.
Closing tags Compulsory to use closing tags. Closing tags are option
BASIS FOR
XML HTML
COMPARISON
Nesting Must be properly done. Not much valuable.
10.Write the basic PHP syntax
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<h1>My first PHP page</h1>
<?php
echo "Hello World!";
?>
</body>
</html>
Output:
My first PHP page
Hello World!
11.Define DTD.
A Document Type Definition (DTD) defines the legal building blocks of an XML
document. It defines the document structure with a list of legal elements and attributes.
A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference
12. What are the ASP objects?

1. Application - It manages your web application.
2. Session - It manages and tracks individual user sessions.
3. Server - It controls behavior of your web server
4. Response - It transmits information from the web server to web browser 5.Request -
It retrieves information from the browser for processing at the server.
13.What is well-formed document?
An HTML or XML document is said to be well formed when it contains elements with
proper tagging and no syntactic errors.
14.How is XML parsing done with SAX?
A SAX parser is a mechanism for transforming an XML text document into stream of
events corresponding to the markup and character data contained in the original
document.
15.List out the basic Internet Protocols.
TCP/IP,
POP3,
MIME,
IMAP
16.How will you create a password field in a HTML form?
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>
<form action="/action_page.php">
Email: <input type="text" name="email"><br>
Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" maxlength="8"><br>
<input type="submit">
</form>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Email:
Password:
Submit
17.What is AJAX?
AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript and XML. AJAX is a new technique for
creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications with the help of XML,
HTML, CSS, and Java Script. ... A user can continue to use the application while the
client program requests information from the server in the background.
18.Mention the PHP operators
PHP divides the operators in the following groups:
 Arithmetic operators
 Assignment operators
 Comparison operators
 Increment/Decrement operators
 Logical operators
 String operators
 Array operators
19.What are the components of web services?
The components are:
 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)
 UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)
 WSDL (Web Services Description Language)
20.Why to use SOA?
SOA is an evolutionary approach that does not require a rip-and-replace of

infrastructure and applications but does generally require buy-in from the business to
gain the major benefits, such as functional component reuse, efficient use of assets and
business flexibility through the rapid provisioning of composite
21.Define HTTP Protocol
HTTP means HyperText Transfer Protocol. HTTP isthe underlying protocol used by
the World Wide Web and this protocol defines how messages are formatted and
transmitted, and what actions Web servers and browsers should take in response to
various commands.
22.What are XML Parsers?
A parser is a piece of program that takes a physical representation of some data and
converts it into an in-memory form for the program as a whole to use.Parsers are used
everywhere in software. An XML Parser is a parser that is designed to read XML and
create a way for programs to use XML.
23.define SOAP
SOAP is an XML-based protocol for accessing webservices over HTTP. ... SOAP is
known as the Simple Object Access Protocol, but in later times was just shortened
to SOAP v1.2. SOAP is a protocol or in other words is a definition of how web services
talk to each other or talk to client applications that invoke them.
24.How Does a Web Service Work?

A web service is any piece of software that makes itself available over the internet and
uses a standardized XML messaging system. XML is used to encode all
communications to a web service. For example, a client invokes a web service by
sending an XML message, then waits for a corresponding XML response.
25.Write about proxy service
A proxy server verifies and forwards incoming client requests to other servers for further
communication. A proxy server is located between a client and a server where it acts as
an intermediary between the two, such as a Web browser and a Web server. The proxy
server's most important role is providing security.
26.What is the use of PHP echo statement?
They are used to output data to the screen. echo has no return value .
echo can take multiple parameters (although such usage is rare). echo is
marginally faster than print. The echo statement can be used with or
without parentheses: echo or echo().
27.Mention the use of typeof operator
The typeof operator can be used as a part of an expression to obtain the reference of
the Type object for various types that are used in the compilation unit. It can
be used to display the Type references as strings and can also be assigned to a
variable of type, System.
28.Name the two methods of implementing style sheets?
The two methods of implementing styles to HTML elements are
Rule Cascading
Inheritance
29.What is the need for cascading style sheets.
Need for CSS
Allow the information in the document to be presented without change in a variety of

ways
Relatively easy to give all of the elements on a page consistent appearance
Both the document author and the person viewing the document can specify aspect of
the document style as it is displayed by the browser
30.List out the available HTTP methods.
GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE, TRACE
31.Discuss about comments in HTML.
A comment in HTML, like comments in other computer languages, is something that is

intended to be read by the programmers but to be ignored by the software processing
the document. A comment begins with the string of characters <!—which must contain
no white space. A comment ends with the string --> again with no white space.

32.Why JavaScript has been called dynamically typed language?
JavaScript performs many conversions between data types automatically. It is also

possible to store different data types in the same variable which is not possible in other
languages like Java and C++ which are called statically typed languages. According to
the data type stored the type of the variable is determined and it is not necessary for
variable type declaration. Hence JavaScript is called dynamically typed language. e.g
i=3
i=”text”
33. List out some of the built-in objects of JavaScript?
Built-in objects of JavaScript are STRING, NUMBER, BOOLEAN, DATE, MATH,

REGEXP.
34.What is the use of XML declaration?
XML declaration is a special tag used to specify the version of XML used to write the
document and optionally some additional meta-information about the document such as
the character set/encoding used. For e.g the syntax of XML declaration is
<? XML VERSION=”1.0”?>
35.Explain Event-oriented parsing.
In this parsing, Parser interacts with an application as its reads an XML document when
certain events occur and this approach is used by SAX (Simple API for XML) based
parsers.
36.Write the expansion for the following. i) XSL ii) JAXP III) CGI iv) JSP
JAXP – Sun Java SPI for XML Processing
XSL - Extensible Style Sheet Language
CGI – Common Gateway Interface
JSP – Java Server Pages
37.What is RSS?
RSS stands for RDF (Resource Description Framework) Site Summary and is also
known as Rich Site Summary and Really Simple Syndication. RSS is popular and
simple XML format designed to share headlines and web content between Web sites.
38.What are character references?
This reference are second type of reference for each symbol in an HTML document and
begins with a number sign which follows the ampersand beginning the reference and is
followed by the Unicode Standard value of the character. E.g. < , ñ , α.
39.What are the types of list supported by HTML?
There are three types of list supported by HTML.
Unordered – A bullet list

Ordered – a number list and Definition – A list of terms and definitions for each
40.Give the syntax of CSS rule.
A CSS rule has two main parts: a selector, and one or more declarations: The selector
is normally the HTML element you want to style. Each declaration consists of a property
and a value. The property is the style attribute you want to change. Each property has a
value.
41.How to create an array in Java script with example?
Array can be defined in three ways
i. Using the array constructor directly in a call with no argument. E.G: VAR ARY1=NEW
ARRAY(); ARY1[0]=4; ARY1[1]=TRUE; ARY1[2]=”OK”
ii. By supplying two or more arguments to the array Constructor
VAR ARY2=NEW ARRAY(4,TRUE,”OK”);
iii. The Array built-in object can be used to construct object with special properties and
that inherit various methods
VAR ARY2=[4,TRUE,”OK”];
42.What are the two components of Javascript implementation?
The primary component is a scripting engine, which includes a Javascript interpreter as

well as core ECMAScript functionality that must be present regardless of the scripting
environment.
The second component is a hosting environment, which provides environment specific

capabilities to Javascript programs running within the environment.
43.Mention the features of SOA.
Features
Service
Service Re-use
Messaging
Message Monitoring
Message Control
Message Transformation
Message Security
Complex Event Processing
Service Composition
Service Discovery
Asset Wrapping
Virtualization
Model-driven Implementation
44.What are active server pages?
ASP is also an abbreviation for application service provider. An Active Server

Page (ASP) is an HTML page that includes one or more scripts (small embedded
programs) that are processed on a Microsoft Web server before the page is sent to the
user.
45.What are Secure Servers?
The standard means of indicating to a browser that it should encrypt an HTTP request is
to use the https scheme on the URL for the request. For e.g. https://www.example.org will
cause the browser to attempt to send an encrypted HTTP GET request.
46.What are entity references?
A reference which uses a mnemonic name for the character references in the HTML
document always begins with ampersand (&) and ends with semicolon (;) is called an
entity reference. E.G. &NBSP;, &QUOT; &LT; &GT; ETC.
47.Define Web Clients?
A Web Client is software that accesses a web server by sending an HTTP request
message and processing the resulting HTTP response.
48.List out some important HTML elements.
<HTML> </HTML>
<BODY> </BODY>
<FORM> </FORM>
<TABLE> </TABLE>
<PRE>, <BR>,
<P>, <B>, <I>, <U>
<SPAN>, <STRONG>, <TT>,
<H1>…. <H6>
<LI>, <OL>, <UL>
<INPUT> <SELECT>
49.What are the three types of statements in JavaScript?
Expression statement: that consists entirely of an expression
Block statement: that consists of set of statements enclosed in braces { } Keyword

statement: that begin with keywords such as var, if, for etc
50.What are the components of XSL?
XSLT-XSL Transformations which defines the semantics of the various elements and
attributes of the XSL namespace.
XPATH – XML Path Language which defines the syntax and semantics of many of the
attribute values used in XSL elements for accessing positions of the input XML
document
XSL-FO – XSL Formatting Objects is a separate vocabulary for defining style properties
of an XML document.
51.What are XML Schemas?
XML Schemas are part of the XML vocabulary and its addresses the standard for XML
document validation by including a definition of a collection of standard data types which
are used to describe data structures.
52.What do you mean by Ad rotator
A program that randomly rotates the banner ads that are seen by users on a Website
so that each time the site is visited or refreshed a different banner ad will appear on
the screen
53. Define Internet?
The internet is the world’s largest IP-based network. It is an amorphous group of

computers in many different countries on all seven continents that talk to each other
using the IP protocol.
54.What are Style Sheets?
A style sheet provides a great deal of control over the presentation of a document.
55.Write the PHP string functions.1. Getting length of a String
2. Counting of the number of words in a String
3. Reversing a String
4. Finding Text Within a String
5. Replacing text within a string
6. Converting lowercase into Title Case
7. Converting a whole string into
8. Converting whole String to lowercase
9. Repeating a String
10. Comparing Strings
11. Displaying part of String
12. Removing white spaces from a String

56. What do you mean by global object?
Global object is named window as global variables declared by your program are
actually stored as properties of this object. All built-in and host objects are also stored
as properties of global object
57.What are the types of positioning?
Normal flow positioning
Relative positioning
Absolute positioning
Float positioning

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1.Define Protocol?

A protocol is a precise set of rules defining how components communicate, addresses,

2.What are Web Servers?

3. Define Web Clients.

A Web Client is software that accesses a web server by sending an HTTP

request message and processing the resulting HTTP response.

4.What are the types of XML Parsers?

There are two types

5.What are external style sheets?

6.What is a Javascript statement? Give an example.

7.What are the six JavaScript data types?

8.What is the purpose of XSLT?

9.Differentiate between HTML and XML.

Expands to Extensible Markup Language Hypertext Markup Lan

Basic Provides a framework for specifying HTML is predefined ma

markup languages. language.

Structural Information Does not contain struc

Language type Case sensitive Case insensitive

Purpose of the Transfer of information Presentation of the da

Errors Not allowed Small errors can be ig

Whitespace Can be preserved. Does not preserve whi

Nesting Must be properly done. Not much valuable.

10.Write the basic PHP syntax

<h1>My first PHP page</h1>

My first PHP page

A DTD can be declared inline inside an XML document, or as an external reference

12. What are the ASP objects?

2. Session - It manages and tracks individual user sessions.

3. Server - It controls behavior of your web server

13.What is well-formed document?

14.How is XML parsing done with SAX?

15.List out the basic Internet Protocols.

16.How will you create a password field in a HTML form?

Email: <input type="text" name="email"><br>

Password: <input type="password" name="pwd" maxlength="8"><br>

18.Mention the PHP operators

PHP divides the operators in the following groups:

19.What are the components of web services?

The components are:

 SOAP (Simple Object Access Protocol)

 UDDI (Universal Description, Discovery and Integration)

 WSDL (Web Services Description Language)

20.Why to use SOA?

SOA is an evolutionary approach that does not require a rip-and-replace of

21.Define HTTP Protocol

22.What are XML Parsers?

24.How Does a Web Service Work?

25.Write about proxy service

26.What is the use of PHP echo statement?

27.Mention the use of typeof operator

28.Name the two methods of implementing style sheets?

The two methods of implementing styles to HTML elements are

29.What is the need for cascading style sheets.

Need for CSS

Allow the information in the document to be presented without change in a variety of

30.List out the available HTTP methods.

GET, HEAD, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE, TRACE

31.Discuss about comments in HTML.

A comment in HTML, like comments in other computer languages, is something that is

32.Why JavaScript has been called dynamically typed language?

JavaScript performs many conversions between data types automatically. It is also

33. List out some of the built-in objects of JavaScript?