Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan

Senior Secondary School

Kodunganoor

INVESTIGATORY PROJECT
IN PHYSICS

HALF WAVE RECTIFIER

SUBMITTED BY :
NAME : NANDU SANKAR
CLASS AND DIVISION : XII A
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project titled Half Wave

Rectifier is a bonafide record work submitted by
Nandu Sankar of class XII of our school as a part
of CBSE requirement for the Physics Practical
Examination during 2018-19.

............................ .............................
Teacher in charge Examiner

..............................
Principal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to place on my record my acknowledgement
and sincere thanks to all those who have extended their
valuable support for the successful completion of this
project work.

First of all I express my heartfelt gratitude to Our Principal

Mr. Sunil Chacko and the school management for
providing me the guidelines for the successful completion
of this work

I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Mrs.

Lekshmy M.S for the constructive ideas and suggestions in
pursuing the studies. I also take this opportunity to thank
other staff members of the department for their valuable
help and support which had enabled me to progress
successively in my project work. Finally I express my
sincere gratitude to my parents and friends for their help,
encouragement and continuous support.

Signature of student : ................................

 HALF WAVE RECTIFIER
AIM
1. To measure the AC i/o, AC o/p and DC o/p
voltage.
2. To verify 𝑽𝑫𝑪 =𝑽𝒎⁄
𝝅
3. To determine the ripple factor ‘r’.

APPARATUS
1. A step down transformer with 220V – 240V
primary and 6-0-6 or 9-0-9 Centre tap secondary,
diode (eg IN 4001), 1 kΩ resistor, Electronic
multimeter.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
1.
THEORY

The AC supply is fed across the primary coil of a step

down transformer. The secondary is connected to a
diode in series with a load resistance 𝑹𝑳 . The output
DC is obtained across the terminal A and B.
a) During positive half cycle of AC input voltage at
the point A becomes positive and point B becomes
negative. The diode is now forward biased and it
conducts. Output can be noted by measuring the
voltage drop across the load resistor.
b) During negative half cycle of the input voltage at
the point A becomes negative and point B becomes
positive and the diode is reverse biased. No current
flows through the diode and hence no voltage load is
developed across the load.
c) In the next positive half cycle again we get the
output voltage. Thus the output voltage through 𝑹𝑳 is
still varying and is restricted to only one direction and
is said to be rectified.
d) Since the rectified output is only for half of the
input AC wave, it is called as a Half Wave Rectifier.
𝑽𝑫𝑪 =𝑽𝒎⁄ , where 𝑉𝐷𝐶 = o/p DC Voltage
𝝅
 𝑽𝒎 = Peak DC Voltage at i/p of rectifier current
𝑨𝑪 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒂𝒕 𝒐/𝒑
Ripple factor ‘r’ =
𝑫𝑪 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒂𝒕 𝒐/𝒑

PROCEDURE

a) Using multimeter, the AC voltage at secondary

terminals of transformer is measured. This gives the
AC i/p voltage 𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠 . Also measure the AC and DC
voltages at the output points of the rectifier. They are
noted as 𝑉𝐴𝐶 , 𝑉𝐷𝐶 respectively.
b) Multiply the rms value of input AC voltage i.e.
𝑉𝑟𝑚𝑠
⁄ to get the peak value 𝑉𝑚 . Then the
√2
theoretical values of DC voltage is calculated using
the formula,
𝑽𝑫𝑪 =𝑽𝒎⁄
𝝅
Compare this value with practically measured value
of o/p DC voltage.
c) Using the measured value of DC and AC output
voltages, calculate Ripple factor. This value should be
about 1.21 .
𝑉𝐴𝐶
𝒓=
𝑉𝐷𝐶
=
OBSERVATION

Input AC voltage 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 =

Output DC voltage 𝑽𝑫𝑪 =
Output AC voltage 𝑽𝑨𝑪 =
𝑽𝑫𝑪 =𝑽𝒎⁄
𝝅
=
RESULT

Input AC voltage 𝑽𝒓𝒎𝒔 =

Output DC voltage 𝑽𝑫𝑪 =
Output AC voltage 𝑽𝑨𝑪 =
 Ripple Factor ‘r’ =
𝑽𝑫𝑪 =𝑽𝒎⁄ is verified.
𝝅

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. NCERT Class XII text book

2.https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rectifier

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Teacher’s signature