ETHICS the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral

duty and obligation.

HUMAN ACT an act that is performed only by a human being and

thus is proper to man. Not every act that a human being does is a
distinctively human act. Some acts that human beings do are
performed also by animals, e.g., vegetative acts and acts of
perception and of emotion. When a human being does such acts,
they are called acts of man but not human acts. Acts of man,
therefore, are acts shared in common by man and other animals,
whereas human acts are proper to human beings. What makes an
act performed by a human being distinctively a human act is that it
is voluntary in character, that is, an act in some way under the
control or direction of the will, which is proper to man. One can
therefore identify the human act with the voluntary act. A voluntary
act proceeds either from the will itself—for example, an act of love
or of choice—or from some other human power that can in some
way be moved by the will, whether an act of the intellect, of sense
cognition, or of emotion; even an act of some bodily member as
commanded by the will can be a voluntary act.

ACTS OF MAN action performed by a human being but without

reflection and free consent, e.g., digesting food, instinctive reaction
to some external stimulus.

IGNORANCE a lack of knowledge, understanding, or education :

the state of being ignorant.

VINCIBLE IGNORANCE is, in Catholic ethics, ignorance that a

person could remove by applying reasonable diligence in the given
set of circumstances. It contrasts with INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE
which a person is either entirely incapable of removing, or could
only do so by supererogatory efforts (i.e., efforts above and beyond
normal duty). An example of vincible ignorance would be a person
who is unsure about certain Catholic teachings, but refrains from
seeking an explanation of those teachings.

AFFECTED IGNORANCE in ecclesiastical law, directly willed

ignorance of a law or of its penalty, or both. Such ignorance does
not excuse a person from automatic penalties (latae sententiae),
i.e., those which follow immediately on breaking the law.

PASSION strong and barely controllable emotion.

Antecedent passion is that which precedes the placing of an action
according to the passion or in spite of it. An antecedent passion is
an obstacle to the placing of a contrary action: the finds it difficult to
act because its freedom is antecedently pressurized and
consequently voluntariness must be boosted. If a lawful act is
placed despite the passion, the will has achieved greater freedom
and gained merit.
Consequent passion is due to arousing a passion or fostering an
antecedent passion. If the passion is inappropriate to the situation,
then the act of arousal is evil, fully voluntary and culpable. However,
once the consequent passion takes over, the subsequent
voluntariness is lessened and the natural inclination (if any) is
reinforced. If, on the other hand, the consequent passion is
appropriate and the will acts according to it, the act is good. It is
interesting to note that while passions tend to restrict the
voluntariness they pose a challenge to our freedom. One who
asserts his freedom by channelling his passions comes out as lord
of his personal history.

FEAR an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or

something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat.

VIOLENCE behavior involving physical force intended to hurt,

damage, or kill someone or something.
HABIT a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that
is hard to give up.
HAPPINESS the state of being happy.
LAW the system of rules which a particular country or community
recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it
may enforce by the imposition of penalties.
NATURAL LAW .
1. a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for
all human conduct.

2. an observable law relating to natural phenomena.

CONSCIENCE an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide

to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior.

CERTAIN CONSCIENCE a state of mind when it has no prudent

fear of being wrong about its judgment on some moral issue and
firmly decides that some action is right or wrong.

CIRCUMSTANCES a fact or condition connected with or relevant to

an event or action.
RIGHTS are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or
entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about
what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some
legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.[1] Rights are of
essential importance in such disciplines as law and ethics,
especially theories of justice and deontology.
Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization, for they are
regarded as established pillars of society and culture,[2] and the
history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right
and its development. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of
Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of
laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".[1]
DUTIES something that one is expected or required to do by moral or
legal obligation.
the binding or obligatory force of something that is morally or legally
right; moral or legal obligation.
an action or task required by a person's position or occupation;
function: the duties of a clergyman.
the respectful and obedient conduct due a parent, superior, elder,
etc.
an act or expression of respect.
a task or chore that a person is expected to perform:
MORALITY principles concerning the distinction between right and
wrong or good and bad behavior.
 a particular system of values and principles of conduct, especially
one held by a specified person or society.
plural noun: moralities
"a bourgeois morality"
 the extent to which an action is right or wrong.
"behind all the arguments lies the issue of the morality of the
possession of nuclear weapons"

MAN
OBJECT END OF THE ACT
INTENTION END OF THE