22. Let v be his velocity relative to the surface. Let θ e.

a(bu) = a ( bu1 , bu2 )= a (bu1 ), a(bu2 ) =

be the angle that his velocity relative to the
surface makes with south, measured clockwise. (ab)u1 , (ab)u2 = (ab)u
v cos θ = 20, v sin θ = 3
f. a(u + v ) = a u1 + v1 , u2 + v2 =
2 2 2
v = v cos θ + v sin θ = 400 + 9 = 409
2 2
a (u1 + v1 ), a(u2 + v2 ) =
v = 409 ≈ 20.22 au1 + av1 , au2 + av2 =
v sin θ 3 au1 , au2 + av1 , av2 = au + av
tan θ = =
v cos θ 20
g. (a + b)u = (a + b)u1 , (a + b)u2 =
3
θ = tan –1 ≈ 8.53° au1 + bu1 , au2 + bu2 =
20
His velocity has magnitude 20.22 mi/h in the au1 , au2 + bu1 , bu2 = au + bu
direction S 8.53° W.
h. 1u = 1 ⋅ u1 ,1 ⋅ u2 = u1 , u2 = u
23. Let x be the air speed.
x cos 60° = 40 i. au = au1 , au2 = (au1 ) 2 + (au2 ) 2 =
40
x= = 80 a 2u12 + a 2u2 2 = a 2 (u12 + u2 2 ) =
cos 60°
The air speed of the plane is 80 mi/hr
a 2 u12 + u2 2 = a ⋅ u
24. Let x be the air speed. Let θ be the angle that the
26. Let u = u1 , u2 , u3 , v = v1 , v2 , v3 , and
plane makes with north measured counter-
clockwise. w = w1 , w2 , w3
x cos θ = 837 + 63 cos 11.5°
a. u + v = u1 + v1 , u2 + v2 , u3 + v3 =
x sin θ = 63 sin 11.5°
x 2 = x 2 cos 2 θ + x 2 sin 2 θ v1 + u1 , v2 + u2 , v3 + u3 = v + u
= (837 + 63cos11.5°) + (63sin11.5°)
2 2
b. (u + v) + w = u1 + v1 , u2 + v2 , u3 + v3
= 704,538 + 105,462 cos 11.5°
+ w1 , w2 , w3 =
x = 704,538 + 105, 462 cos11.5° ≈ 898.82
(u1 + v1 ) + w1 , (u2 + v2 ) + w2 , (u3 + v3 ) + w3 =
x sin θ 63sin11.5°
tan θ = = u1 + (v1 + w1 ), u2 + (v2 + w2 ), u3 + (v3 + w3 ) =
x cosθ 837 + 63cos11.5°
⎛ 63sin11.5° ⎞ u1 , u2 , u3 v1 + w1 , v2 + w2 , v3 + w3 =
θ = tan –1 ⎜ ⎟ ≈ 0.80°
⎝ 837 + 63cos11.5° ⎠ u + (v + w)
The plane should fly in the direction N 0.80° W
at an air speed of 898.82 mi/h. c. u + 0 = u1 + 0, u2 + 0, u3 + 0 = u1 , u2 , u3 = u
u + 0 = 0 + u by part a.
25. Let u = u1 , u2 , v = v1 , v2 , and w = w1 , w2
d. u + (-u) = u1 , u2 , u3 + −u1 , −u2 , −u3 =
a. u + v = u1 + v1 , u2 + v2 =
u1 + (−u1 ), u2 + (−u2 ), u3 + (−u3 ) =
v1 + u1 , v2 + u2 = v + u
0, 0, 0 = 0
b. (u + v) + w = u1 + v1 , u2 + v2 + w1 , w2 =
e. a(bu) = a ( bu1 , bu2 , bu3 )=
(u1 + v1 ) + w1 , (u2 + v2 ) + w2 =
a (bu1 ), a(bu2 ), a (bu3 ) =
u1 + (v1 + w1 ), u2 + (v2 + w2 ) =
(ab)u1 , (ab)u2 , (ab)u3 = (ab)u
u1 , u2 v1 + w1 , v2 + w2 = u + ( v + w )
g. (a + b)u = (a + b)u1 , (a + b)u2 , (a + b)u3 =
c. u + 0 = u1 + 0, u2 + 0 = u1 , u2 = u
au1 + bu1 , au2 + bu2 , au3 + bu3 =
u + 0 = 0 + u by part a.
au1 , au2 , au3 + bu1 , bu2 , bu3 = au + bu
d. u + (-u) = u1 , u2 + −u1 , −u2 =
h. 1u = 1 ⋅ u1 ,1 ⋅ u2 ,1 ⋅ u3 = u1 , u2 , u3 = u
u1 + (−u1 ), u2 + (−u2 ) = 0, 0 = 0

Instructor’s Resource Manual Section 11.2 675

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