BA Archaeology PDF

The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda
Faculty of Arts Academic Year

Department of Archaeology and Ancient History 2016-2017
Vadodara, India 390002
Bachelor of Arts: Regular

YEAR 1 Allied - 01&02: Credit 3
Semester 1 AB1A01AY1N and AB1A02AY1N/AAH1102A01 and Hours 45
AAH1103A02
Ancient Indian History Culture and Archaeology – I
Objectives The main objective of this course is to introduce students to archaeology and the
methods used by archaeologists. This will be followed by the chronological
sequence of the early cultures of India – starting from the beginning of production of
stone artifacts till 2700 years ago. Students will also examine the origin and
development of domestic and religious architecture and development of various
religions in the Indian subcontinent
COURSE CONTENT/SYLLABUS
UNIT-I Introduction to Archaeology 12 hrs
Definition, history, archaeological remains, archaeological methods, relationship
of archaeology with other disciplines;
Main geographical of features of India and its influence on its culture
UNIT-II Sources of India Culture and chronology and arrangements of events 5 hrs
Archaeological and Literary sources of Indian History and culture
Chronological sequence of cultures of India
UNIT-III Introduction to Prehistoric cultures of India 14 hrs

Lower Paleolithic,
Middle Paleolithic,
Upper Paleolithic,
Mesolithic Cultures of India
UNIT-IV Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultural developments 14 hrs

North and North Eastern and Southern Neolithic Cultures of India
Indus Valley Civilization,
Origin and Development of Harappa Culture
Activities
Museum visits, handling of Artefacts, registration and documentation of
artefacts,Presentation and discussion
REFERENCES
1 Allchin, B. and F. R. Allchin. 1982. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan.
2 Chard, S Chester 1969: Man in Prehistory
3 Hester, J. J. 1977: Introduction to Archaeology
4 Mujamdar, R. C. (ed.) 1988: History and Culture of Indian People, vols. I, II and III
5 Subbarao, B 1958: Personality of India

Semester 2 AB2A03AY2N and AB2A04AY2N / AAH1202A03 and Hours 45
AAH1203A04Ancient Indian History Culture and Archaeology – II
sequence of the early cultures of India – starting from the beginning of production
of stone artifacts till 2700 years ago. Students will also examine the origin and
UNIT-I 6 hrs
Chalcolithic Cultural beginning in Central and Peninsular India
Banas, Malwa and Jorwe Cultures
UNIT-II 6 hrs
Iron Age in India
Painted Grey Ware, Northern Black Polished ware and Megalithic Cultures
UNIT-III 11 hrs
The Vedic Period: Theories on the origin of Aryans and Vedic literature
a. Political Institution of Indian State: Monarchic, Republican
b. Social Institutions: Varnashram, Educational, position of women and
Marriage system in India
UNIT-IV 9 hrs
Religions of Ancient India
a) Jainism
b) Buddhism
c) Hinduism
UNIT-V 13 hrs
Ancient Indian Architecture Languages and Literature
a. Origin and Development of Stupa architecture
b. Origin and Development of Temple architecture
c. Ancient Indian Languages and Literature.
REFERENCES
2 Basham, A. L 1985: The Wonder that was India
3 Kenoyer, J. M. 2006: Ancient Cities of the Indus valley Civilization
4 Krishna Deva 1995: Temples of India
Thaper Romila 1980: A History of India

Semester 3 AB3A06AY0N / AAH1310A05/ AAH1315A05 and AAH1311A06 Hours 45
Indian Prehistory
Objectives The primary aim of this course is to provide a brief summary of the prehistoric
cultural heritage of the country through a study of material remains that are found
in the archaeological context. After introducing the primary features of material
relics it provides details of the early stages cultural development in India through
the Palaeolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods. Transformation from the
Palaeolithic hunting-gathering way of life to the Neolithic food production in India is
discussed in the course in detail.
UNIT-I 10 hrs
Geographical background
Mountain ranges, Rivers, Environment
Archaeological sources
Excavations, Explorations, Stone tools
Pottery, Artifacts, Ecofacts
Site typology
UNIT-II 16 hrs
Lower palaeolithic culture
Definition, Time period, Distribution and important sites
Tool typology, Associated artifacts and ecofacts
Middle palaeolithic culture
Tool typology, Associated artifacts and ecofacts
Upper palaeolithic culture
Definition, Time period, Distribution and important site
Tool typology, Associated artifacts and ecofacts and art
UNIT-III 7 hrs
Mesolithic culture
Tool typology, Associated artifacts and ecofacts, Rock art
UNIT-IV 12 hrs
Domestication of plants and animals
Chronology and Distribution
Tool typology and associated artifacts
Activities
Discussion/presentation/museum tour.
REFERENCES
1 Agrawal, D.P. 1970. The Archaeology of India. Delhi.
2 Allchin, F.R. & B. Allchin. 1981. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. Rpt. Delhi.
3 Childe, V.G. The Neolithic Revolution. Chapter in V.G. Childe Man Makes Himself.
4 Dennell, Robin 2009 The Palaeolithic Settlement of Asia. Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge
5 Misra, V. N. Indian Prehistory, Ecological perspective, Man and Environment
6 Paddayya, K 207 The Palaeolithic cultures in Pearsall, D.M., (Ed) Enclyopedia of Archaeology,
Academic Press, New York: 767-78.
7 Sali, S. Stone Age India
8 Thapar,B. K.- Recent Archaeological Discoveries in India, UNESCO Publication, 1985

YEAR 2 Allied – 07 and 08 Credit 3
Semester 4 AB4A08AY0N / AAH1415A07 and AAH1417A08 Hours 45
Indian Proto-history and Early Historic Periods
Objectives The primary aim of this course is to provide a brief summary of the proto-historic
and early historic cultural heritage of the country through a study of material
remains that are found in the archaeological context. It provides details of the
Harappan urbanism and other Chalcolithic cultural developments in India followed
by the Megaliths and their cultural background in peninsular India. It also provides
a brief summary of development of architecture and iconography in the Early
Historic period
UNIT-I Harappan culture 14 hrs
Introduction, Time period, Site
distributions Settlements (Town
planning, public architecture etc)
Artifacts: pottery, art and craft object, seals and
sealing, stone/TC objects Subsistence and trade
Decline of Harappan Culture
UNIT-II 13 hrs
Chalcolithic period
Introduction: Banas, Malwa and Deccan
Settlements and material culture
Subsistence and Burial practices
UNIT-III 8 hrs
Megalithic culture
Definition, Time period, Distribution, Typology and
Associated artifacts
UNIT-IV 10 hrs
Iron Age in Northern India
PGW and NBPW cultures
Activities:
Presentation and discussion
REFERENCES
1 Agrawala, V.S. 1965. Indian Art. Varanasi
2 Allchin, F.R. & B. Allchin. 1981. The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan. Rpt. Delhi.
3 Allchin, F.R. & B. Allchin. 1997. Origins of a Civilization. Delhi.
4 Carter, M.L. (ed.) 1994. A Treasury of Indian Coins. Bombay.
5 The Urban Revolution. Reprinted in G.L. Possehl (ed.), Ancient
Childe, V.G. 1979. Cities of the Indus. Delhi.
6 D.K. Chakrabarti (eds.) Essays in Indian Protohistory, pp. 229-45. Delhi.
7 Dhavalikar, M.K. 1979. Early Farming Cultures of Deccan, In D.P. Agrawal and D. K. Chakrabarti
(eds.) Essays in Indian Protohistory, pp. 247-65. Delhi.
8 Fairservis, W.A. 1971. The Roots of Ancient India. Chicago.
9 Gupta, P.L. 1991. Coins. Delhi.
10 Krishna Deva. 1995. Temples of India. Two volumes. Delhi.
11 Mitra, D. 1971. Buddhist Monuments. Calcutta.
12 Sundara, A. 1979. Typology of Megaliths, In D.P. Agrawal and D.K. Chakrabarti (eds.) Essays in
Indian Protohistory, pp. Delhi

YEAR 1 CORE 01: Credit 3
Semester 1 AB1C01AY1N / AAH1101C01 Hours 45
Ancient Indian History Culture and Archaeology – I
UNIT-I Introduction to Archaeology 12 hrs
Definition, history, archaeological remains, archaeological methods, relationship
of archaeology with other disciplines;
Main geographical of features of India and its influence on its culture
UNIT-II Sources of India Culture and chronology and arrangements of events 5 hrs
Archaeological and Literary sources of Indian History and culture
Chronological sequence of cultures of India
UNIT-III Introduction to Prehistoric cultures of India 14 hrs
Lower Paleolithic,
Middle Paleolithic,
Upper Paleolithic,
Mesolithic Cultures of India
UNIT-IV Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultural developments 14 hrs
North and North Eastern and Southern Neolithic Cultures of India
Indus Valley Civilization,
Origin and Development of Harappa Culture
Activities
Museum visits, handling of Artefacts, registration and documentation of
artefacts,Presentation and discussion
REFERENCES
2 Chard, S Chester 1969: Man in Prehistory
3 Hester, J. J. 1977: Introduction to Archaeology
5 Subbarao, B 1958: Personality of India

Ancient Indian History Culture and Archaeology – II
UNIT-I Chalcolithic Cultural beginning in Central and Peninsular India 6 hrs
Banas, Malwa and Jorwe Cultures
UNIT-II Iron Age in India 6 hrs
Painted Grey Ware, Northern Black Polished ware and Megalithic Cultures
UNIT-III The Vedic Period: Theories on the origin of Aryans and Vedic literature 11 hrs
a. Political Institution of Indian State: Monarchic, Republican
b. Social Institutions: Varnashram, Educational, position of women and
Marriage system in India
UNIT-IV Religions of Ancient India 9 hrs

a) Jainism
b) Buddhism
c) Hinduism
UNIT -V Ancient Indian Architecture Languages and Literature 13 hrs

a) Origin and Development of Stupa architecture
b) Origin and Development of Temple architecture
c) Ancient Indian Languages and Literature
REFERENCES
2 Basham, A. L 1985: The Wonder that was India
3 Kenoyer, J. M. 2006: Ancient Cities of the Indus valley Civilization
4 Krishna Deva 1995: Temples of India
6 Thaper Romila 1980: A History of India

Semester 3 AB3C03AY1N /AAH1301C03 / AAH1311C03 Hours 45
Political History of India – I (600 BC-700 AD)
Objectives The course deals with the Political history of India. The 1st part of course aims at
providing the historical background for understanding the cultural developments in
different parts of India from the beginning of Early Historic period up to 7th Century
AD. It essentially deals with political history and concomitant cultural history that
will help students to appreciate the archaeological records in the right perspective
UNIT-I Introduction to Ancient Indian History 11 hrs
(i)Effects of Geographical Factors
(ii)Sources of Indian History
(iii)The Mahajanpadas India in 6th Century B.C.
(iv)The Nandas and the Persian Invasion
UNIT-II Early Dynasties 14 hrs
(i) Alexander’s Invasion
(ii) Mauryan Dynasty
(iii) Sungas
(iv)Kanvas
UNIT-III Post-Mauryan Dynasties 8 hrs
(i) Satavahanas
(ii) Kushans
(iii) IndoGreeks
(iv) Pahalavas and Indo Scythians
UNIT-IV Guptas and Other Dynasties 12 hrs
(i) the Gupta Dynasty
(ii) Vakatakas&
(ii) Harshavardhana
(iii) Chalukyas of Badami
(iv) Kadambas, Chalukyas of Vengi & Kalyana
REFERENCES
1 Chattopadhya S.K 1967, The Age of Kushanas, Calcutta
2 Fussman, G. 1987. Central and Provincial Administration in ancient India: The Problem of the
Mauryan Empire. The Indian Historical Review XIV, 1-2: 43-72.
3 Gupta, P.L., 1974-9, The Imperial Guptas, Two Volumes , Varanasi
4 Mahajan,V.D. 2006, Ancient India, Sultan Chand &Co, New Delhi
5 Majumdar, R.C. (ed). The History and Culture of Indian People- Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavans Series, Vol
I to V , Bombay
6 Majumdar, R. C. (ed). – 1996 The Vedic Age, Volume I, Bombay
7 Majumdar, R.C. (ed) - 1980 The Age of Imperial Unity, Volume II, Bombay
8 Majumdar, R.C. (ed).- 1954 The Classical Age, Volume III, Bombay
9 Narain,A.K. 1957, The Indo- Greeks, London
10 Panniker, K.M 1959, Geographical Factors in Indian History, Bombay
11 Sen, S.N.,1982, Ancient Indian History & Civilization, Willy Eastern Ltd. New Delhi
12 Thapar, R, 1984. From Lineage to State. Delhi. 13. Thapar, R. 1987.
13 The Mauryas Revisited. Calcutta.
14 Thapar, R. 1997. Asoka and the Decline of the Mauryas. Revised edition. Delhi
15 Tripathi, R.S., 1969, History of Ancient India, New Delhi
16 Yazdani, G. 1960 (ed) The Early History of Deccan, Oxford.

Semester 3 AB3C04AY0N / AAH1302C04 / AAh1312C04 Hours 45
Social Institutions of Ancient India
Objectives This is a paper dealing with development of various social institutions in ancient
Indian society starting from the Vedic period. It provides a brief introduction of the sources
that are available for studying the major social Institutions and then deals with the origin of
varan and caste systems in ancient India. It also provides information regarding various
ashramas, system of education and composition of family and status women in ancient
India.
UNIT-I 13 hrs
(i) Introduction to Social Institutions
(ii) Sources for studying Social Institutions
(iii) Introduction to Vedic Period
(iv) Development of Literature
UNIT-II 12 hrs
(i) Development of Varna Systems
(ii) Development of Caste Systems
(iii) Asramas in Ancient India
UNIT-III 10 hrs
(i) Education in Ancient India
(ii) Marriage Systems in Ancient India
(iii) Family in Ancient India
UNIT-IV 10 hrs
(i) Position of Women in Ancient India
(ii) Sanskaras
Activities
Assignments and Presentation and discussion by
students (This will run concurrent to the
previous units)
REFERENCES
1 Valavalkar,V.H. Hindu Social Institutions, 1939.
2 Prabhu Pandarinath Hindu Social Institutions, 1954
3 Majumdar,A.K. Concise History of Ancient India, Vol. III.
4 Basham,A.L. The Wonder that was India, 1954.
5 Sharma,R.S. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India, 1983.
6 Thapar,R. (ed.) Ancient Indian Social History, 1978.
7 Wagle,N.N. Society at the Time of Buddha, 1966.
8 Apte,V.M. Social and Religious Life in the Grhyasutras.
9 Sharma,S.P. History of Ancient India.
10 Majumdar,A.K. Concise History of Ancient India, Vol. II.
11 Kosambi,D.D. The Culture and Civilization of Ancient India.
12 Kosambi,D.D. An Introduction to Study of Indian History, 1975.
13 Jaiswal,S. Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change, 2000.

Semester 3 AB3C05AY1N /AAH1303C05 / AAH1313C05 Hours 45
Political and Cultural History of Gujarat - I
Objectives The course provides the necessary political and cultural history background for
understanding the archaeological records in Gujarat. In the 1st part, the course
deals with major sources those are available for study and then trace the political
history of Gujarat through archaeological and historical records from the time of
Mauryan rule up to the period of Gupta rule
UNIT-I General Introduction to the Subject 11 hrs
Geographical background of Gujarat
Background of political and cultural history of Gujarat on the
basis of Archaeological and Literary sources.
Boundaries of ancient Gujarat
UNIT-II The Mauryan Period in Gujarat 11 hrs
Political and cultural history of Mauryan rule in Gujarat based on
archeological sources
The Girnar Rock Edict
Important Inscriptions of Gujarat
Other important sources
Indo Greeks in Gujarat based on coins
UNIT-III Western Kshatrapas and minor dynasties 11 hrs
(a) The Origin, Rise and Decline
(b) Traikutakas and Gurjaras
UNIT-IV The Gupta Period 12 hrs
(a) Early history of Gupta Dynasty- a brief introduction in general
(b) Gupta conquest of Gujarat
(c) Hunas invasion and the downfall of the Gupta Empire.
Activities
Tutorials, Classroom presentations and
discussion ( This will run Concurrent to the
preceding Units)
REFERENCES
1 Commissariat, M.S. 1938. A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief
ArchitecturalMonuments and Inscription. Vol I from AD 1297-8 to AD 1573. Longmans, green and
company,London.
2 Lokhandwala, M.F. 1965. Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (English translation)
(Gaekwad’s Oriental Series 146). Oriental Institute of Baroda
3 Majumdar, A. K. Chalukyas of Gujarat, Bhrtiya Vidhya Bhavan , Bombay.
4 Majumdar, M.R. (ed). 1960. Historical and Cultural Chronology of Gujarat (From Earliest Timesto
942 AD).
5 Majumdar, M.R. 1965. Cultural History of Gujarat (From Early Times to Pre-British Period).
Popular Prakashan, Bombay
6 Mehta, R. N. 1961. Puravastuviddha (in Gujarati). Oriental Institute of Baroda.
7 Misra, S.C. 1963. The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat From 1298 to
1442, Asia Publishing House New Delhi
8 Munshi, K.M. 1955. Glory that was Gujarat Desa (AD 550-1300), part 1 and 2, Bhrtiya
Vidhya Bhavan, Bombay
9 Nanavati, J.M. Monumental Landmarks of Gujarat, Department of Archaeology, Gujarat state.
10 Nanavati, J.M. and Dhaky, M.A. 1969. The Mitraka and The Saindhava Temples of Gujarat.
Ascona, Artibus Asiae Publisher, Switzerland
11 Parik Rasiklal Chotalal and Shastri Hariprasad G. Gujarat no Rajkiya and Sanskritik ItihasGranth,
12 Parikh Rasiklal Chotalal, 1958. Gujaratni Rajdhaniyo (Muslin Yug Purve) (in gujarati), Gurjar
Grntharatna Karyalay, Ahmedabad
13 Rasesh Jamindar, 1975, Kshatarpkalnu Gujarat (History and Culture of Gujarat of the First
4Centuries AD), Gujarat vidhyapeeth, Ahmedabad.
14 Rasiklal Chotalal Parikh and Shastri Hariprasad. 1974. Maitrak Ane Anu-maitrak Kal
(GujartnoArjkiye Ane Sanskrutik Itihas Granth 3 )(in gujarati). Seth Bholabhai Jeshangbhai
AdhyayanSansodhan Vidhya Bhavan, Ahmedabad
15 Saletore Bhaskar Anand. 1960. Main currents in the ancient history of Gujarat, M. S.
University of Baroda
16 Sambhuprasad Hariprasad Desai. 1986. Saurashtra No Itihas (in gujarati). Sorath Shikshan Ane
Sanskruti Sangh, Junagadh.
17 Sankalia, H.D. 1941. The Archaeology of Gujarat: Including Kaithiawar. Natwarlal and Company,
Bombay.
18 Sankalia, H.D. 1987. Prehistory and Historical Archaeology of Gujarat. Munshiram Manoharlal
Pub.Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.
19 Shastri Hariprasad, G. 1978. Gujarat Na Prachin Itihasnu Sadhan Samagri (in gujarati), Gujarat
Itihas Parishad, Ahmedabad.
20 Shastri Hariprasad, Maitrak kalin Gujarat.
21 Shelat Bharti Kiritkumar. 1987. The Chronological Systems of Gujarat (From Early Times Upto1304
AD), Pranav Shelat, Ahmedabad.
Vol 2- Mauryakal Thi Guptkal,
1972, Vol 4- Solankikal, 1977,
Vol 5- Sultanatekal, 1977,
Vol 6 Mughalkal, 1979,

Semester 4 AB4C06AY2N / AAH1401C06 / AAH1411C06 Hours 45
Political History of India – II (700 AD-1200 AD)
Objectives This is the second part of the political history course. As in the first part of the
second part of the course is meant for providing the necessary historical
background for understanding the cultural developments in different parts of India
from the 8th Century AD to 12th Century AD. It essentially deals with political history
and concomitant cultural history that may help students to appreciate the
archaeological records in the right perspective
UNIT-I Regional dynasties 12 hrs
(i) Rashtrakutas
(ii) Origin of Rajputs
(iii) Pratihara of Kanuj
(iv) Palas of Bengal
UNIT-II Later Rajput Dynasties 11 hrs
(i) Chandellas
(ii) Gahadvalas
(iii) Kalachuris
(iv) Parmaras
UNIT-III South Indian Dynasties 11 hrs
(i) Pallavas
(ii)Cholas
(iii)Pandyas
(iv)Hoyasalas
UNIT-IV The Incursion of the Islamic Rulers 11 hrs

(i) Arab Invasion of Sind
(ii) Mehmud of Ghazni
(iii) Mohmad Ghori
REFERENCES
1 Fussman, G. 1987. Central and Provincial Administration in ancient India: The Problem of
the Mauryan Empire. The Indian Historical Review XIV, 1-2: 43-72.
2 Jha, D.N. 1998. Ancient India. Delhi
3 Mahajan,V.D. 2006, Ancient India, Sultan Chand &Co, New Delhi
4 Majumdar, R.C. (ed). The History and Culture of Indian People- Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavans Series, Vol
I to V , Bombay
5 Majumdar, R.C. (ed) - 1980 The Age of Imperial Unity, Volume II, Bombay
6 Majumdar, R.C. (ed).- 1954 The Classical Age, Volume III, Bombay
7 Nilakanta Sastri, K.A. 1975. A History of South India. Rpt. Delhi
8 Sen, S.N.,1982, Ancient Indian History & Civilization,Willy Eastern Ltd. New Delhi
9 Sharma, R.S. 1965. Indian Feudalism. Delhi.
10 Sharma, R.S. 1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India. Delhi.
11 Thapar, R, 1966, A History of India, Middlex, England
12 Thapar, R, 1984. From Lineage to State. Delhi.
13 Tripathi, R.S., 1969, History of Ancient India, New Delhi
14 Yazdani, G. 1960 (ed) The Early History of Deccan, Oxford

Political Institutions of Ancient India
Objectives The main aim of the course is to introduce students to the development of
important Political institutions in ancient India starting from the Vedic period up to the
time of the Gupts. It provides a brief introduction of the sources that are available for
studying the two major form of governance: the monarchic and the republic and then
deals with the growth of other political and administrative setup along with the two forms
of governance. Political and administrative institutions during the Mauryan and the Gupta
periods are dealt in detail in the course.
UNIT-I 12 hrs
(i) Sources of Ancient Indian Polity
(ii) Development of State in Ancient India
(iii) Types of States in Ancient India
(iv) Development of Kingship in Ancient India
UNIT-II 11 hrs
(i) Development of Sabha and Samiti
(ii) Ministry in Ancient India
(iii) Secretariat and Departments in Ancient India
UNIT-III 12 hrs
(i) Administration of Republics in Ancient India
(ii) Town and Village Administration
(iii) Law and Legal Institutions in Ancient India
(iv) Income and Expenditure of the State
UNIT-IV 10 hrs
(i) Administration in Early Vedic Period
(ii) Development of Administration in Later Vedic Period
(iii) Mauryan Administration
(iv)Gupta Administration
Activities
Assignments, Presentation by students and Discussion
(This will run concurrent to the previous units)
REFERENCES
1 Altekar,A.S. State and Government in Ancient India, 1949.
2 Drekmeier,C. Kingship and Community in Early India, 1962.
3 Gonda,J. Ancient Indian Kingship from the Religious Point of view, 1966.
4 Jayaswal,K.P. Hindu Polity, 1943.
5 Jha,D.N. Revenue System in Post-Maurya and Gupta Times, 1967.
6 Sharma,J.P. Republics in Ancient India, 1968.
7 Sharma,R.S. Aspects of Political Ideas and Institutions in Ancient India, 1959.
8 Basham,A.L. The Wonder that was India, 1954.
9 Sharma,S.P. History of Ancient India.
10 Kosambi,D.D. An Introduction to Study of Indian History, 1975

Political and Cultural History of Gujarat - II
Objectives The course provides the necessary political and cultural history background for
understanding the archaeological records in Gujarat. In the 2nd part, the course
traces the rule and legacy of major dynasties such as the Mitrakas, the Saindhavas,
the Chavadas, the Chalukyas and the Vaghelas of Gujarat. It also deals with early
coinage in Gujarat and its importance
UNIT-I The Maitrakas and other minor dynasties 12 hrs
(a) Maitrakas: r Origin, Rise and Decline
(b) Minor dynasties:
Garulakas, Saindhavas-Jethavas, Chapotkatas and Chavadas
UNIT-II The Chalukyas of Gujarat 10 hrs
(a) Chalukyas of Patan - Origin, Rise and Decline
(b) Vaghelas - their Origin, Rise, Achievement and Decline.
UNIT-III Society and Religion 11 hrs
Jainism and Buddhism in Gujarat,
UNIT-IV Coinage 12 hrs
Types of coins found in Gujarat.
Punch marked coins
Kshatrapa coins
Gupta coins
Activities
Tutorials, Classroom presentations and discussion
(This will run concurrent to the preceding units)
REFERENCES
1 Commissariat, M.S. 1938. A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief
ArchitecturalMonuments and Inscription. Vol I from AD 1297-8 to AD 1573. Longmans, green and
company,London.
2 Lokhandwala, M.F. 1965. Mirat-i-Ahmadi: A Persian History of Gujarat (English translation)
(Gaekwad’s Oriental Series 146). Oriental Institute of Baroda
3 Majumdar, A. K. Chalukyas of Gujarat, Bhrtiya Vidhya Bhavan , Bombay.
4 Majumdar, M.R. (ed). 1960. Historical and Cultural Chronology of Gujarat (From Earliest Timesto
942 AD).
5 Majumdar, M.R. 1965. Cultural History of Gujarat (From Early Times to Pre-British Period).
Popular Prakashan, Bombay
6 Mehta, R. N. 1961. Puravastuviddha (in Gujarati). Oriental Institute of Baroda.
7 Misra, S.C. 1963. The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat From 1298 to
1442, Asia Publishing House New Delhi.
8 Munshi, K.M. 1955. Glory that was Gujarat Desa (AD 550-1300), part 1 and 2, Bhrtiya Vidhya
Bhavan, Bombay.
10 Nanavati, J.M. and Dhaky, M.A. 1969. The Mitraka and The Saindhava Temples of Gujarat. Ascona,
Artibus Asiae Publisher, Switzerland.
11 Parik Rasiklal Chotalal and Shastri Hariprasad G. Gujarat no Rajkiya and Sanskritik ItihasGranth,
12 parikh rasiklal chotalal, 1958. Gujaratni Rajdhaniyo (Muslin Yug Purve) (in gujarati), Gurjar
Grntharatna Karyalay, Ahmedabad.
14 Rasiklal Chotalal Parikh and Shastri Hariprasad. 1974. Maitrak Ane Anu-maitrak Kal
(GujartnoArjkiye Ane Sanskrutik Itihas Granth 3 )(in gujarati). Seth Bholabhai Jeshangbhai
AdhyayanSansodhan Vidhya Bhavan, Ahmedabad.
15 Saletore Bhaskar Anand. 1960. Main currents in the ancient history of Gujarat, M. S. University of
Baroda.
16 Sambhuprasad Hariprasad Desai. 1986. Saurashtra No Itihas (in gujarati). Sorath Shikshan Ane
Sanskruti Sangh, Junagadh.
17 Sankalia, H.D. 1941. The Archaeology of Gujarat: Including Kaithiawar. Natwarlal and Company,
Bombay.
18 Sankalia, H.D. 1987. Prehistory and Historical Archaeology of Gujarat. Munshiram Manoharlal
Pub.Pvt Ltd. New Delhi.
19 Shastri Hariprasad, G. 1978. Gujarat Na Prachin Itihasnu Sadhan Samagri (in gujatati), Gujarat
Itihas Parishad, Ahmedabad.
20 Shastri Hariprasad, Maitrak kalin Gujarat
21 Shelat bharti kiritkumar. 1987. The Chronological Systems of Gujarat (From Early Times Upto1304
AD), Pranav Shelat, Ahmedabad.
Vol 2- Mauryakal Thi Guptkal, 1972,
Vol 4- Solankikal, 1977,
Vol 5- Sultanatekal, 1977,
Vol 6 Mughalkal, 1979,

Semester 5 AB5C09AY1N /AAH1501C09 Hours 45
Religion and Society in Ancient India- I
Objectives The overall objective of this course in part I and II is to make students aware of the
role of
religious thoughts and their significance in understanding the society in general. It
emphasizes on understanding the origin and development of various religions
within the Indian subcontinent. It also provides an opportunity to understand the
impact of each religion on Indian society and how the society has undergone
transformation with various religious influences. A proper understanding of religion
and its contribution to societal formation allows students to assess the
significance of human constructs and the process of thought.
UNIT-I Introduction to the study of Religion and Society 12 hrs
(a) Sources
a. Archaeological
b. Historic (Literary and others)
(b) Forms of Religion – Animism, Totemism, Shamanism etc
(c) Forms of Society – Simple and Complex
UNIT-II Religious Beliefs 11 hrs
(a) Prehistoric Period (2 Hours Lecture)
(b) Harappan Period (3 Hours Lecture)
(c) Other Chalcolithic Periods (3 Hours Lecture)
UNIT-III Early Organised Religions I 12 hrs
(a) Rig Vedic and later Vedic religion and Philosophy
(b) Rites and their role in society and polity: samskaras, asrama
theory
(c) Development of Priesthood
UNIT-IV Early Organised Religions II 10 hrs
(a) Background of emergence of:
a. Budhism
b. Jainism
c. Ajivakas
Activities
Seminar/Discussion/Presentation/Assignments.
REFERENCES
1 Chakravarti, U. 1987. The Social Dimensions of Early Buddhism. Delhi.
2 Chanana, Dev Raj 1966. Social Implications of Reason and Authority in Buddhism,
IndianEconomic and Social History Review 3(3): 292-302.
3 Chatterjee, S.C. & D.M. Dutta. 1960. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. Calcutta.
4 Chattopadhyaya, S. Theistic Sects in Ancient India.
5 Heitzman, J. 1984. Early Buddhism, Trade and Empire. In K.A.R. Kennedy & G.L. Possehl (eds.)
Studies in the Archaeology and Palaeoanthropology of South Asia. pp. 121-37. Delhi.
6 Jaiswal, S. 2000. Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change. Delhi.
7 Keith, A.B. 1925. Religion and Philosophy of the Vedas and Upanishads, Pts. I & II.
Cambridge.
8 Kosambi, D.D. 1956. Introduction to the Study of Indian History. Bombay.
9 Kosambi, D.D. 1962. Myth and Reality. Bombay.
10 Majumdar, R.C. (ed.) 1957. The Vedic Age. Delhi.
11 Marshall, J. 1931. Mohenjodaro and the Indus Civilisation. London.
12 Pande, G.C. 1957. Studies in the Origin of Buddhism. Allahabad
13 Ratnagar, S. 2000. The End of the Great Harappan Tradition. Delhi.
14 Ratnagar, S. 2001. Understanding Harappa Civilization in the Greater Indus Valley. Delhi.
15 Sharma, R.S. 1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India.
16 Thapar, R. 1978. Ethics Religion and Social Protest in the First Millennium B.C. In R. Thaper (ed.),
Ancient Indian Social History. Delhi.
17 Wagle, N.N. 1966. Society at the time of the Buddha. Bombay.
18 Warder, A.K. 1970. Indian Buddhism. Delhi.

Political and Cultural History of Southeast Asia - I
Objectives The primary aim of this course is to apprise students of the spread of ancient Indian
cultural ethos in Southeast Asia. In the 1st part, it provides a summary of Ancient India’s
influence in the Political and cultural history of in Thailand, Indonasian Islands, and further
east in Cambodia and Laos. It discusses the archaeological and historical evidence
illustrating India’s influence in the early historic and early medieval periods.
UNIT-I 8 hrs
Concept of Greater India.
The Land and the People of Greater India.
Process of Hindu Colonization in South-East Asia (in Suvarnadvipa and
Suvarnabhumi)
UNIT-II 10 hrs
The Sailendras (The Sailendras Empire).
The struggle between the Sailendras and the Cholas.
The Downfall of the Sailendras Empire
UNIT-III 13 hrs
Java - The Kingdom of Mataram.
The Kingdom of Kadari.
The Dynasty of Singhasari.
The foundation of Majapahit.
The Javanise Empire. The downfall of the Empire.
Hindu Culture in Java – Society, Literature, Religion, Art and Architecture.
UNIT-IV 14 hrs
The History and Culture of Champa.
The Early Hindu Dynasties. Early Kings of Champapura.
The Dynasty of Pandurangs.
The Bhrigu Dynasty.
The Anamite invasion. The Dynasty of Harivarman.
The Anamite conquest of Champa. The Hindu Culture in Champa –
Society, Literature, Religion, Art and Architecture.
Actvities
Seminar/discussion/presentation
REFERENCES
1 R.C. Majumdar Ancient Indian Colonies in Far East.
Vol. I – Champa. Lahore, 1927.
Vol. II – Suvarnadvipa and Suvarnabhumi. Decca, 1937.
2 R.C. Majumdar Ancient Indian Colonization in South-East Asia. 1955.
3 S.N. Sen Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Calcutta, 1988.
4 B.R. Chatterjee Indian Culture in Java and Sumatra. Calcutta, 1927.
5 B.R. Chatterjee India and Java. Calcutta, 1933
6 H.G.Q. Wales The Making of Greater India. London, 1951.
7 H.B. Sarkar Indian Influence on the Literature of Java and Bali. Calcutta, 1934.
8 K. Nag Discovery of Asia. Calcutta, 1957

Archaeological Methods and Prehistory of India
Objectives The course proposes to apprise students of the various methods used in
archaeological data collection, limitations of the data and methods of analysis and
interpretation. It also provides Stone Age cultural development in India from the Lower
Palaeolithic to the Neolithic periods.
UNIT-I 11 hrs
(i) Definition, Nature and scope of Archaeology
(ii) Archaeological Methods:
Exploration & Excavation Use of
technology in finding and
excavating sites
(iii) Archaeology: An Interdisciplinary Approach
Applications of different branches of Physical, Biological
and Social sciences in Archaeology
UNIT-II 14 hrs
(i) Dating Methods: Relative and Absolute
Stratigraphy, Cross dating, Typology, Geological Methods, Climatic
methods,
Fluorine analysis, Dendrochronology, Radio-Carbon Dating, Potassium-
Argon
dating, Thermoluminiscence, Varves.
(ii) Human Evolution
UNIT-III 11 hrs
(i) Lower Palaeolithic Culture
(ii) Middle Palaeolithic Culture
(iii) Upper Palaeolithic Culture
UNIT-IV 9 hrs
(i) Mesolithic Culture
Tool types, Geographical location, subsistence pattern and dates.
(ii) Neolithic Culture of India
Activities
Practical observation and handling of tools and materials
(Presentation by students and Discussion).
REFERENCES
1 B. Subbarao Personality of India, 1958
2 Man in Prehistory
3 R.E.M.Wheeler Archaeology from Earth
4 K.M.Srivastava New Era of Indian Archaeology
5 D.P.Agarwal Dating the Past
6 Stuart Fleming Dating in Archaeology
7 Michael Joseph Dating Methods in Archaeology
8 Noel T Boaz and Alan J Almquist Biological Anthropology – A Synthetic Approach to
Human Evolution, Chapters 10 & 11.
9 Jones S, R Martin and D Pilbeam (eds) The Cambridge Encyclopedia of
HumanEvolution, 1992
10 Releth Ford J H The Human Specieses – An Introduction to Biological Anthropology, 1997
11 H.D.Sankalia Stone Age Tools: Their Techniques, Names and Probable Functions, 1982
12 H.D.Sankalia Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan
13 Allchin & Allchin The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakistan, 1974
14 D.P.Agarwal The Archaeology of India, 1982
15 B.K. Thaper Recent Archaeological Discoveries in India , 1985
16 B.R.Allchin and D.K.Chakrabarti A Source Book on Indian Archaeology, 1979
17 D.P.Agarwal and D.K.Chakrabarti (ed.) Essays in Protohistory, 1979

Indian Architecture and Art - I
Objectives The main aim of this course is to make students acquainted with the major forms of
Art and Architectural heritage of Ancient India. In the 1st part, it traces the origin and
development of early Buddhist and the Brahmanical and Jain architecture. It also provides a
review of sculptural arts in ancient India from the Indus civilization to the Gupta period.
UNIT-I Introduction to Indian Art and Architecture, Historical Background 6 hrs
Geographical factors and regional development; Major Architectural Styles
UNIT-II Stupa Architecture 14 hrs
(a) Symbolism
(b) Origin and Development of Stupas
(c)Study of Major Stupas: Northern, Central, Western and
Northwestern and Southern groups
UNIT-III Rock-Cut, Chaityas and Viharas 13 hrs

(a) Rock-cut caves and Monasteries
(b) Origin and Development of the Chaityas and Viharas halls
Hinayana and Mahayana Groups
(c) Brahmanical and Jain rock cut cave architecture
UNIT-IV Early Indian sculptures 12 hrs
Indus valley sculptures
Mauryan sculptures
Sunga and Satvahana Sculptures
Gandhara school of Art
Mathura school of Art
Activities
Presentations, monument visits and discussion
REFERENCES
1 Agrawala, V. S. 1965. Masterpieces of Mathura sculpture. Varanasi: Prithvi Prakashan
2 Brown, Percy. 1960. Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu). Bombay: D. B. Taraporewala
3 Coomaraswamy, A. K. 1972. History of Indian and Indonesian Art. (Reprint) Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal
4 Hallade, M. 1968. Gandhara Style and the Evolution of Buddhist Art. London:
Thames and Hudson.
5 Havell, E. 1980. Indian Sculpture. London: John Murray

6 Knox, Robert. 1992. Amravati: Buddhist Sculpture from the great Stupa. London: British Museum
7 Kramarisch, Stella 1986. The Hindu Temple (2 vols) (reprint). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
8 Kramarisch, Stella 1965. The Art of India. London: Phaidon Press.
9 Krishna Deva, Temples of India, Vol I and II
10 Meister, M.W. and Dhaky, M.A. 1983/1988. Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architectures (2 vols.)
Delhi: Oxford University Press.
11 Nehru, Lolita. 1989. Origins of Gandhara Style: A Study of Contributory Influences.
Delhi: Oxford University Press
12 Ray, Nihar-Ranjan. 1975. Maurya and Post-Mauryan Art. New Delhi: Indian Council for
Historical Research.
13 Rea, Alexander. 1970. Pallava Architecture. Varanasi: Indological Book House.
14 Rowland, Benjamin. 1953. The Art and Architecture of India: Hindu, Bhuddhist and Jain.
London: Penguin Books.
15 Sarkar, H. 1966. Studies in the Early Buddhist Architecture of India. Delhi:
Munshiramm Manoharlal.

Monuments of Gujarat - I
Objectives The primary objective of this course is to provide historical and cultural background
of major monuments of Gujarat starting from the Harappan times to the medieval
periods. This includes a study of major Harappan monuments in Gujarat followed by
Buddhist monuments and remains, early temples and their stylistic features and sculptural
art of Gujarat. On site instruction and study of important monuments are encouraged.
UNIT-I General introduction of the subject, nature, scope and sources of study 12 hrs
Historic and cultural background of Monuments of Gujarat
Proto-historic and Historic monuments of Gujarat
Rock- cut architecture of Gujarat/Saurashtra
Junagarh (Uper Kot), Sana, Talaja, Khambhalida, Dhank,
Khaprakodia,
Kadia Dungar and others
Stupas and Viharas: Junagarh and Devnimori, Vadnagar
UNIT-II Early temples of Gujarat 15 hrs
Temples of the Maitraka and the Siandhava periods
Development of different styles: Phamsana, Vimanakara,
Valabhachhandaja, Sikharanvita styles
Pre-Solanki and Solanki Period temples
Mahagurjara and Maru-gurjara style
Developments in the Sarasvatamandala, Saurashtra and Kachchh.
Roda/Samalaji group of temples, Examples from Saurashtra and Kachchh.
Bhumija type temples in Gujarat
UNIT-III Toranas of Gujarat 8 hrs
1. Architectural features of Toranas
2. Important Toranas
Vadnagar, Siddhpur, Modhera, Kapadavanj, Shamalaji etc.
UNIT-IV Sculptural Components 10 hrs
1. Kshatrapa, Maitraka and Solanki period sculptures.
2. Sculptures from Shamalaji and Roda.
3. Terracotta art of Devnimori,
4.Akota bronzes
Activities
Visit to temple sites for onsite instruction: Tutorial presentation by
students
REFERENCES
1 Basham, A.L 1961 The Wonder that was India.
2 Commissariat, M.S. 1938. A History of Gujarat: Including a Survey of Its Chief Architectural
Monuments and Inscription. Vol I from AD 1297-8 to AD 1573. Longmans,
green and company, London.
3 Debala Mitra 1980 The Buddhist Monuments.
4 Dhaky,M.A 1961 The Chronology of Solanki Temples of Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh
Itihas Parishad, no.3.
5 George Watts and Percy Brown 1979Arts and Crafts of India.
6 Henry Cousens 1903 Architectural Antiquities of Northern Gujarat.
7 Lobo Wibke, 1982 The Sun Temple at Modhera, a monograph of Archaeology and
Iconography.
8 Majumdar, M.R 1960 Chronology of Gujarat The M. S. University publication.
9 Majumdar, M.R. Gujarat- It’s Art and Heritage,
10 Majumdar, M.R. 1965. Cultural History of Gujarat (From Early Times to Pre-British
Period). Popular Prakashan, Bombay.
11 Mehta, R.N. and Chowdhary, S.N. 1971 Excavations at Devnimori.The M.S. University Publication
13 Nanavati, J.M. and M.A.Dhaky 1969 The Maitraka and Saindhava Temples of Gujarat,
Artibus Asiae Supplementum XXVI
14 Percy Brown1971 Indian Architecture, Volume I,.
15 Percy Brown 1975 Indian Architecture, Volume II
16 Pramod Chandra 1975 Studies in Indian Temple Architecture, 1975.
18 Sankalia, H.D.1941 The Archaeology of Gujarat.
19 Shah, U.P. 1951 Akota Bronzes, State Archaeological Series, Vol. I.
20 Shah, U.P. 1960 Sculptures from Samalaji and Roda in the Baroda Museum Ancient Sculptures
from Gujarat and Saurashtra, Journal of IndianMuseums, Vol. VIII, !960.
21 Sompura, K. F.1968 The Structural Temples of Gujarat,
22 Stella Kramrisch 1977 The Hindu Temple, 2 volumes.

Cities of Ancient Civilization – I
Objectives The primary objective of this course is to apprise students of the development of
early urban centres in Egypt, Mesopotamia and India. It provides comparative details of the
urban development in the above three centres in the backdrop of geographical and social
factors. It also discusses distinctive features of the city and state management in the three
centres of civilization
UNIT-I Introduction to Bronze Age Civilizations in the Old world 12 hrs
(i) Discovery of Early States of the Old World
(ii) Origin and comparative timelines
(iii) Terminology and Theoretical frame work
(iv) Environmental Settings and Geographic locations
UNIT-II Origin of Urban Society 16 hrs

(i) Basic concepts for emergence of Urbanism
(ii) Towns, Cities, City-States, States and Dynasties
(iii) Indus Towns and Cities,
(iv) Mesopotamian City–States, Cities & dynasty
(v)Egyptian Cities and Kingdom
UNIT-III Features of Urbanism –Written records 12 hrs

(i) Written records, context and use
(ii) Egyptian Hieroglyphs – Rosetta stone, Pyramid, texts etc.
(iii) Mesopotamian Cuneiforms – clay tokens, tablets,
envelops and cylindrical seals
(iv) Indus Script - Graffiti marks, Steatite seals, Clay Sealings
UNIT-IV Rulers and traders 15 hrs

(i) Egyptian Chiefs, Pharaohs, Nomarchs
(ii) Mesopotamian Priests and Kings
(iii) Indus Priest/King ?
(iv) Traders of Egypt, Mesopotamia and Indus
Activities
Presentations, Tutorials, discussion etc.
REFERENCES
1 Agrawal, D.P., & J.S. Kharakwal, 2003: Bronze and Iron Age in South Asia, Aryan Books
International, New Delhi.
2 Brewer Douglas, J, and T, Emily, 1999: Egypt and Egyptian, Cambridge University Press ,
London
3 Chatterjee Lakshmi, 2005: Heritage of Harappa, Global Vision Publishing, New Delhi
4 Child Gordon, 1957: The Bronze Age Past and Present, London
5 Kenyor, J.M., 1998: Ancient Cities of the Indus Civilization
6 Nissen,H.J., 1988 : The Early History of Ancient Near East, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
7 Nissen,H.J., 1988 : The Early History of Ancient Near East, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
8 Pollock Susan, 1999: Ancient Mesopotamia : The Eden that never was, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
9 Possehl Gregory L, 2003: The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Vistar Publication ,
New Delhi
10 Postgate, J.N., 1992: Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy, Rutledge, London
11 Seton Lloyd, 1984: The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Stone Age to Persian Conquest,
Thames & Hudson Ltd. London.
12 Regine Schulz & MatthiasSeidel, 2004 : Egypt : The World of Pharaohs, Konemann, Konigswinter,
Germany

Religion and Society in Ancient India - II
Objectives The overall objective of this course in part I and II is to make students aware of the
role of religious thoughts and their significance in understanding the society in
general. It emphasizes on understanding the origin and development of various
religions within the Indian subcontinent. It also provides an opportunity to
understand the impact of each religion on Indian society and how the society has
undergone transformation with various religious influences. A proper understanding
of religion and its contribution to societal formation allows students to assess the
significance of human constructs and the process of thought.
UNIT-I Religious developments in the Puranic Period 15 hrs
(a) Puranic Period (c. CE 300-1200)
(b) Brahmanical revival
(c) Social background and development of early
a. Vaishnavism
b. Shaivism
c. Saktism
d. Smartism
UNIT-II Puranic Religions and Society 18 hrs
(a) Process of Sanskritisation
a. acculturation and caste formation
b. religion and the Varna frame work
c. development of sub-castes
(b) Sectarian forms, doctrines, rituals
(c) Emergence of doctrines of Tantricism
(d) Localisation of Cults; pilgrimages as a means of expanding
links
(e)Origins of Bhakti
UNIT-III Impact of Religions on Society 12 hrs
(a) Emergence of Religious Philosophy
(b) Symbiosis of religion with architecture, literature,
sculpture: image worship, mythology, temple building
(c) Religious movements and its relation with
urbanisation, expanding trade networks and impact
on social structures
(d) Brief review of other religious developments: Islam,
Christianity
Activities
Seminar/Discussion/Presentation/Assignments
REFERENCES
1 Bhandarkar, R.G. 1965. Vaishnavism, Saivism and Minor Religious Systems: Varanasi
2 Bhattacharya, N.N. 1982. History of the Tantric Religion. A Historic, Ritualistic andPhilosophical
Study. Delhi
3 Bhattacharya, N.N. 1989. Medieval Bhakti Movements in India. Delhi.
4 Bhattacharya, N.N. 1996. Ancient Indian Rituals and their Social Content. Delhi.
5 Chakravarti, M. The Concept of Rudra Siva Through the Ages.
6 Chatterjee, S.C. & D.M. Dutta. 1960. An Introduction to Indian Philosophy. Calcutta.
7 Chattopadhyaya, B.D. 1994. The Making of Early Medieval India. Delhi.
8 Chattopadhyaya, S. Theistic Sects in Ancient India
9 Courtright, P.B. 1985. Ganesa. Lord of Obstacles, Lord of Beginnings. New York.
10 Dasgupta, S.N. 1952-55. A History of Indian Philosophy
11 Gonda, J. 1969. Aspects of Early Vaishnavism. Delhi.
12 Jaiswal, S. 1981. The Origin and Development of Vaishnavism. Delhi
13 Jaiswal, S. 2000. Caste, Origin, Function and Dimensions of Change. Delhi.
14 Marshall, J. 1931. Mohenjodaro and the Indus Civilisation. London.
15 Sharma, R.S. 1983. Material Culture and Social Formations in Ancient India

Political and Cultural History of Southeast Asia - II
Objectives The primary aim of this course is to apprise students of the spread of ancient Indian
cultural ethos in Southeast Asia. In the 1st part, it provides a summary of Ancient India’s
influence in the Political and cultural history of in Thailand, Indonesian Islands, and further
east in Cambodia and Laos. It discusses the archaeological and historical evidence
illustrating India’s influence in the early historic and early medieval periods.
UNIT-I 10 hrs
Political background of the South East Asia before the rise of Kamuja
The History and Culture of Kambuja (Cambodia).
Fu-nan – the Earliest Hindu Kingdom.
The Kingdom of Kambuja.
UNIT-II 12 hrs
The Rise of Angkor.
The Kambuja Empire – The Dynasty of Indravarman,
Suryavarman I and II and Jayavarman VII.
Downfall of Kambuja Empire.
The Hindu Culture in Kambuja Society – Literature, Religion,
Art and Architecture.
UNIT-III 11 hrs
The History and Culture of Burma and Thailand.
The Early Hindu Kingdoms in Burma – Ramannadesha,
Shrikshetra, Tamrapattana
UNIT-IV 12 hrs
Rise and Downfall of Arimardanpura Empire.
The Hindu Culture in Burma.
Hindu Rule in Thailand (Siam).
Hindu Culture in Thailand
Activities
Seminar/discussion/presentation
REFERENCES
1 R.C. Majumdar Kambuja Desa. Madras, 1944.
2 R.C. Majumdar The Classical Age. History and Culture of Indian People. Vol. III, Chapter XXIV –
Colonial and Cultural Expansion in South East Asia. Bombay, 1954. Pp.631-43.
3 S.N. Sen Ancient Indian History and Civilization. Calcutta, 1988.
4 B.R. Chatterjee Indian Cultural Influence in Cambodia. Calcutta, 1928
5 H.G.Q. Wales The Making of Greater India. London, 1951.
6 H.B. Sarkar Literary Heritage of South-East Asia. 1980.
7 K. Nag Discovery of Asia. Calcutta, 1957.

Indus and Post-Indus Cultures
Objectives This course aims at introducing proto-historic cultural developments as a cultural

continuum to the Stone Age prehistory. It deals with the origin and development of the Indus
valley civilization and other Chalcolithic cultures in Western and Central India. This is followed
by the proto-historic Iran Age cultural developments in the Gangetic valley and the Megalithic
burials of peninsular India and their importance in understanding the spread of Iron technology
in the south.
UNIT-I 16 hrs
(i) Indus Valley Civilization
Introduction and origins, pre-Indus sites, town planning, arts & crafts, technology,
trade, script, religion, burials, agriculture, major sites, chronology and conclusion
UNIT-II 5 hrs
(i) Copper Hoard Culture and O.C.P.
(ii) Banas Chalcolithic Culture
(iii) Malwa Chalcolithic Culture
(iv) Deccan Chalcolithic Culture
All topics include major sites, settlement pattern, material remains and
Chronology.
UNIT-III 12 hrs
(i)Iron Age – Introduction
Introduction to Iron, references to vedic literature, social, political and
religious institutions, development of cities and states, area of attraction
and development of classical, historical India
(ii)Painted Grey Ware Culture
(iii)N. B. P. Ware Culture
Archaeological studies of the material remains of Iron Age, site spread
and their chronology and their connections with Ancient Indian History.
UNIT-IV 5 hrs
Megalithic Culture
Activities
Practical observation and handling of Archaeological material
remains. remains. Visit to the field to attend excavation. Presentation
by students and Discussion
REFERENCES
1 R.E.M.WheelerThe Indus Civilization, 1968
2 R.E.M.WheelerEarly India and Pakistan, 1959
3 W.A.Fairservis Jr.The Roots of Ancient India, 1975
4 G.L.Possehl Harappan Civilization, 1982
5 B.B.Lal, S.P.GuptaFrontiers of the Indus Civilization, 1984
6 S.R.RaoLothal and Indus Civilization, 1983
7 S.R.RaoLothal- A Harappan Port Town, 1955-62, Memoir of theArchaeological Survey of India
78(II), 1985
8 G.L.Possehl Indus Civilization in Saurashtra, 1980
9 V.N.Misra (ed.)The Eastern Anthropologist, Vol. 45, Nos. 1-12 (Indus CivilizationSpecial Number),
1992
10 B.B.LalThe earliest Civilization of South Asia, 1979
11 M.K.DhavalikarCultural Imperialism: Indus Civilization in Western India, 1995
12 N.R.BanerjeeThe Iron Age in India, 1965
13 R.C.Gaur (ed.)Painted Grey Ware,
14 M.D.N.SahiAspects of Indian Archaeology, 1994
15 A.SundaraThe Early Chamber Tombs of South India, 1975
16 K.P.RaoDeccan Megaliths, 1988
17 B.R.Allchin and D.K.Chakrabarti A Source Book on Indian Archaeology, 1979
18 D.P.Agarwal and D.K.Chakrabarti (ed.) Essays in Protohistory, 1979
19 H. D. Sankalia Prehistory and Protohistory of India and Pakistan
20 Allchin & Allchin The Rise of Civilization in India and Pakisthan, 1974
21 D.P. Agawal The Archaeology of India, 1982

Indian Architecture and Art - II
Objectives The main aim of this course is to make students acquainted with the major forms of
Art and Architectural heritage of Ancient India. In the 2nd part, it traces the origin and
development of early temples and evolution of temple architectural styles in different
regions in the medieval period. The course also deals with ancient Indian paintings and its
heritage. It further deals with ancient Indian coins as a major archaeological source.
UNIT-I Introduction to temple Architecture 18 hrs
(a) Evolution of the Hindu Temples
(b) Different Schools of Temple Architecture
– Nagara, Vesara, Dravida etc.
Development of regional styles of temples in India
(a) Gupta
(b) Chandela
(c) Orissa
UNIT-II 17 hrs
Early Chalukyan Temples – Structural and Rock Cut –
Caves of Badami, Temples of Aihole and Pattadakkal
Salient features of Temples: Hoysala, Pallava, Chola and Pandya
UNIT-III Early Indian Paintings 10 hrs

(a) Major phases of development of early Indian paintings
(b) Paintings in Ajanta, Bagh, Badami, Sittanvasal
Activities
Presentations, monument visits and discussion
REFERENCES
1 Agrawala, V. S. 1965. Masterpieces of Mathura sculpture. Varanasi: Prithvi Prakashan
2 Brown, Percy. 1960. Indian Architecture (Buddhist and Hindu). Bombay: D. B. Taraporewala
3 Coomaraswamy, A. K. 1972. History of Indian and Indonesian Art. (Reprint) Delhi:
Munshiram Manoharlal.
4 Hallade, M. 1968. Gandhara Style and the Evolution of Buddhist Art. London: Thames and
Hudson.
5 Havell, E. 1980. Indian Sculpture. London: John Murray
6 Knox, Robert. 1992. Amravati: Buddhist Sculpture from the great Stupa. London: British Museum
7 Kramarisch, Stella 1986. The Hindu Temple (2 vols) (reprint). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas.
8 Kramarisch, Stella 1965. The Art of India. London: Phaidon Press.
9 Krishna Deva, Temples of India, Vol I and II
10 Meister, M.W. and Dhaky, M.A. 1983/1988. Encyclopaedia of Indian Temple Architectures
(2 vols.) Delhi: Oxford University Press.
11 Nehru, Lolita. 1989. Origins of Gandhara Style: A Study of Contributory Influences. Delhi:
Oxford University Press.
12 Ray, Nihar-Ranjan. 1975. Maurya and Post-Mauryan Art. New Delhi: Indian Council for
Historical Research
13 Rea, Alexander. 1970. Pallava Architecture. Varanasi: Indological Book House.
14 Rowland, Benjamin. 1953. The Art and Architecture of India: Hindu, Bhuddhist and Jain.
London: Penguin Books.
15 Sarkar, H. 1966. Studies in the Early Buddhist Architecture of India. Delhi: Munshiramm
Manoharlal

Monuments of Gujarat - II
Objectives The second part of this course provides historical and cultural background of major
water monuments of Gujarat starting from the Harappan times to the Medieval
periods. It also provides a detailed study of step-wells of Gujarat followed by fort
architecture and Islamic monuments of the medieval periods
UNIT-I Water Monuments of Gujarat 12 hrs
1. Water structures and the Indus Civilization
2. Water structures of the Early Historic and Later
3. Kunda/Tank architecture and types of Kunda.
4. Examples of Kunda/Tanks:
Sudarshana at Junagarh, Sahasralinga at Patan, Mansar at
Viramgam,
Melav at Dholka, Tank at Jinjuvada and Khan Sarovar at Patan.
UNIT-II Step wells 10 hrs
Types of Step wells, specific features
– Nanda, Vijaya, Amritvarshini, and Bhramani
types Important examples of each step wells.
UNIT-III Fort Architecture 12 hrs
Historical backdrop and types of forts
Examples of different forts
Pavagarh, Junagarh, Patan, Dabhoi, Jhinjuwada,
Ghumli, Ahmedabad etc.
Wooden Architecture: General features, important components Surviving examples
from Patan, Ahmedabad, Baroda
UNIT-IV Medieval Islamic Architecture 11 hrs
Introduction of Islam and Islamic architecture in India
Mosques: General features and architectural components
- Examples of ancient mosques from Patan, Ahmedabad,
- Champaner, Cambay, Bharuch etc.
Makbaras and Rozas: Architectural features
Examples from Patan, Dholka, Ahmedabad, Cambay, Baroda
Activities
Visit to step wells and other architectural remains such as Dabhoi fort,
Champanermosque, etc. in and around Baroda-
presentations by students
REFERENCES
1
James Burgess 1971 On the Muhammedan Architecture of Bharoch, Cambay, Dholka,
Champanir and Mahmudabad in Gujarat, Archaeological Survey of Western
India, Vol.VI.
2 James Burgess 1905 The Muhammedan Architecture of Ahmedabad, Part I &II, Archaeological
Survey of Western India, Vol. VII & VIII, 1900 & 1905.
3 Jutta Jain-Neubauer 1981 The Step-wells of Gujarat.
4 Kirit Mankodi 1981 The Queens Stepwell at Patan,
Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. XVIII
Journal of the Oriental Institute, Vol. XXII
5 Majumdar, M.R 1960 Chronology of Gujarat The M. S. University publication
6 Majumdar, M.R.Gujarat- It’s Art and Heritage,
7 Masani R.P. 1981 Folklore of Wells.
8 Misra, S.C. 1963.The Rise of Muslim Power in Gujarat: A History of Gujarat From 1298 to 1442, Asia
Publishing House New Delhi.
9 Motichandra 1948 Jain Miniature Paintings from Western India.
10 Nootan Trivedi 1998 Architectural Wood Carving in Baroda, Unpublished dissertation submitted
to the department of Archaeology, M.S.University ofBaroda for M.A.Degree
11 Sidney Toy 1957 The Strongholds of India.
12 Sidney Toy 1965 The Fortified Cities of India.
13 Singh, A.P. 1987 Forts and Fortifications of India.

Semester 6 AB6C21AY2N /AAH1606C20 Hours 45
Cities of Ancient Civilization – II
Objectives The primary objective of this course is to apprise students of the development of
early urban centres in Egypt, Mesopotamia and India. The second part of the course on
Ancient Cities deals with social and economic order dominant in the three centres. It
provides details of craft production and trade that supported the prevailing economic setup
in all the three centres of civilization. A study of monumental architecture is also part of this
course as it helps to appreciate the role of economic investment in social sectors in the
urban growth.
UNIT-I Social and Economic Order 12 hrs
(i) People and their Profession
(ii) Crops, Live Stock
(iii) Trade
UNIT-II Socio-Religious Institutions 7 hrs
(i) Household and Family
(ii) Society and Social norms
(iii) Religion
(iv)Household Gods & Goddesses
UNIT-III Features of Urbanism: Monumental Architecture 14 hrs
(i) Ziggurats & Palaces of Mesopotamia
(ii) Pyramids and Temples and Palaces of Egypt
(iii)Great Bath, Granary and Assembly hall of Indus
UNIT-IV Technology & Different Craft 12 hrs

(i) Sculptures – Stone & Metal
(ii) Glyptic & Ceramic Art
(iii) Lapidary Art & Jewellary
(iv)Decline of the Civilizations: Cultural Death/Transformation
Activities
Presentations, Tutorials, discussion.
REFERENCES
1 Agrawal, D.P., & J.S. Kharakwal, 2003: Bronze and Iron Age in South Asia, Aryan Books
International, New Delhi.
2 Brewer Douglas, J, and T, Emily, 1999: Egypt and Egyptian, Cambridge University Press , London
3 Chatterjee Lakshmi, 2005: Heritage of Harappa, Global Vision Publishing, New Delhi
4 Child Gordon, 1957: The Bronze Age Past and Present, London
5 Kenyor, J.M., 1998: Ancient Cities of the Indus Civilization,
6 Nandagopal Choondamani, 2006: Arts & Crafts of Indus Civilization (Provincial Art) , Aryan Books
International, New Delhi
7 Nissen,H.J., 1988 : The Early History of Ancient Near East, The University of Chicago Press,
Chicago.
8 Pollock Susan, 1999: Ancient Mesopotamia : The Eden that never was, Cambridge University Press,
Cambridge.
9 Possehl Gregory L, 2003: The Indus Civilization: A Contemporary Perspective, Vistar Publication ,
New Delhi
10 Postgate, J.N., 1992: Early Mesopotamia: Society and economy, Rutledge, London
11 Oakes Lorna &Lucia Gahlin, 2006: Ancient Egypt: An Illustrated Reference to the Myths,
Religions,
12 Pyramids & Temples of the Land of Pharohs, Anness Publishing House, London
13 Seton Lloyd, 1984: The Archaeology of Mesopotamia: From the Stone Age to Persian Conquest,
Thames & Hudson Ltd. London.
14 Regine Schulz & MatthiasSeidel, 2004 : Egypt : The World of Pharaohs, Konemann, Konigswinter,
Germany.

YEAR 1 Foundation 07: Credit 3
Semester 2 AB2F07AY0N / AAH1204F07 Hours 45
Ancient Indian Culture and Heritage
Objectives A sound knowledge of Cultural Heritage of India is essential for every individual of this
country to appreciate our cultural ethos and national character. The main objective of this
course is to impart knowledge about Indian culture and its heritage of our country. It is also
aimed to acquainting learners with the contributions of our ancestors in the areas of arts,
architecture, music, science and philosophy.
UNIT-I Culture: Meaning and Components 10 hrs
Definition, Concept and Characteristics of culture; Tangible and Intangible
components of
Culture and Heritage.
Evolution of culture – Hunting gathering to Civilization
Meaning of Civilization, Differences in Culture, Civilization and Heritage
UNIT-II Features of Indian Culture/Civilization 10 hrs
Features of Indian Culture- Spirituality, Universality, Unity in diversity
Basic understanding of Indus Civilization and Vedic Culture
Ancient Indian Philosophical thoughts and their contribution:
Vedic and post Vedic
UNIT-III Heritage 10 hrs
Definition, Scope, Tangible (Monuments of National importance, World Heritage
Monuments of India, Provisions for Heritage Conservation in India) and Intangible
Heritage(traditions, rites, rituals, legends, folklore etc.)
UNIT-IV Art Heritage 10 hrs
Concept of Art, Role of Art in Indian Culture,
Visual Art - Rock art, Painting on Ceramics, Mural painting at Ajanta and Bagh.
Tribal
paintings, Ancient Indian sculptural art: Indus period to the Gupta
UNIT -V 05 hrs
Field Visits/ Workshop
REFERENCES
1 Agrawal, V.S. 1984. The Heritage of Indian Art: A Pictorial Presentation
2 Allchin B, Allchin F.R. &B.K.Thapar(Edts.) . 1989 Conservation of Indian Heritage. Cosmo
Publication New Delhi.
3 Balsar, Kernel. The Concept of Common Heritage of Mankind
4 Basham, A. L. 1985 : The Wonder that was India
5 Brown,Percy 1965. Indian Paintings, Taporevala
6 Gosh,A . 1989. Conservation and Restoration of Cultural Heritage. Agam Kala. New Delhi.
7 Gosh,A. 1967. Ajanta Murals. Archaeological Survey of India. New Delhi.
8 Harison, Richard (Ed) manual of Heritage Management, Butter Worth Heineman
9 Kramerisch, Stella. 1933. Indian Sculpture:The Heritage of India(series). YMCA Publishing
House, Calcutta.
10 Majumdar, R.C. (ed). 1996 The History and Culture of Indian People- Bhartiya Vidhya Bhavans
Series, Vol. I , Bombay
Series, Vol. II , Bombay
Series, Vol. III , Bombay
13 Robert, Pockard. Policy of Law in Heritage Conservation
14 Saxena, Jyotsna 1988. Early Indian Paintings in Sanskrit Literature. Bharatiya Kala Prakashan
Delhi.
15 Vatsyan, Kapila, 1992. Indiaan Classical Dances. Publication Dvision, New Delhi

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The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

Faculty of Arts Academic Year

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

UNIT-III Introduction to Prehistoric cultures of India 14 hrs

UNIT-IV Neolithic and Chalcolithic cultural developments 14 hrs

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

UNIT-IV Religions of Ancient India 9 hrs

UNIT -V Ancient Indian Architecture Languages and Literature 13 hrs

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

UNIT-IV The Incursion of the Islamic Rulers 11 hrs

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

UNIT-III Rock-Cut, Chaityas and Viharas 13 hrs

5 Havell, E. 1980. Indian Sculpture. London: John Murray

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

UNIT-II Origin of Urban Society 16 hrs

UNIT-III Features of Urbanism –Written records 12 hrs

UNIT-IV Rulers and traders 15 hrs

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Objectives This course aims at introducing proto-historic cultural developments as a cultural

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

UNIT-III Early Indian Paintings 10 hrs

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

UNIT-IV Technology & Different Craft 12 hrs

Bachelor of Arts: Regular

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