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2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
Doc. No.: F/5.10/01A/Issue No.01/Issue Date: 01-10-2017/ Amend No.:00 / Amend Date:-- / Page 1 of 16
CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
3. TEST EQUIPMENT
5. CAPWAP ANALYSIS
6. DISCUSSION OF RESULTS
7. CONCLUSIONS
TABLES
APPENDIX
Rv/Nm
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01 August 6, 2018
1.0 INTRODUCTION
M/s. Geo Dynamics was engaged by M/s. Simplex Infrastructure Ltd. to conduct high-strain
dynamic test on one r. c. bored pile installed at the above project site.
The aim of testing was to evaluate pile static capacity and measure the settlement. The field test
was conducted on 1st August, 2018. The Testing was conducted by Mr. Velupurugan P. This report
presents the results of dynamic pile testing and analysis performed using the Pile Driving Analyzer
(PDA) and CAse Pile Wave Analysis Program (CAPWAP). The test was conducted in accordance
with ASTM D4945.
The pile was r. c. bored pile with diameter of 1200mm, details of which are given below. The pile
was tested using 7.0 tons hammer falling height ranging from 0.5m to 2.0m.
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
A Pile Driving Analyzer and its associated pile top force and velocity transducers were used to
conduct the dynamic pile test.
Two strain transducers and two accelerometers were attached to the pile head. They were mounted
on opposite sides of the pile to cancel bending effects during each strike of the hammer. The
signals of strain and acceleration were conditioned and processed by PDA.
The PDA is a micro-processor based signal conditioner and digital computer. Signals of pile top
force and velocity were measured and analyzed during each strike of the pile driving hammer and
stored in the Analyzer. The pile top force and velocity-time curves were displayed on PDA screen.
The PDA onsite uses a program based on closed form Case-Goble solutions to compute static pile
capacity from the pile top force and velocity data. This is subsequently checked with the computer
program CAPWAP to confirm the static pile capacity obtained on site.
Dynamic testing on the pile was conducted by striking the pile with the hammer during the restriking
process. During testing of the pile, complete dynamic measurements were obtained for each
hammer blow delivered to the pile. The field results along with comments are summarized in Table
1. The PDA measures the total (static plus dynamic) resistance acting on the pile. The portion of
total resistance that is computed as static resistance by the Analyzer is determined by the soil
damping factor Jc set into the analyzer. A more accurate independent measure of the applicable
soil-damping factor was determined using a CAPWAP analysis.
The values measured by the PDA on field are obtained assuming that the pile is uniform throughout
its length. Also, the soil parameters like quake and damping should be assumed during the field
test. Hence the CAPWAP is mandatory for all bored piles to estimate realistic soil parameters as
well as pile profile. Typically one of the blows that is close to the test load is subjected to CAPWAP
analysis. In summary, PDA measures the field capacity while CAPWAP refines the field results and
hence field capacities measured using PDA may not match with the CAPWAP analysis.
The BETA Value (Integrity Factor) indicates change in the pile impedance and is derived from the
CAPWAP analysis. The PDA is basically used to compute capacity and the BETA factor.
Particularly for bored piles BETA may never be 100% due to inherent nature of installation. A BETA
factor less than 60% indicates a shaft with poor integrity. Such shaft may require remedial action in
the form of reduced loads, redesigning the cap or installation of additional pile as recommended by
the engineer to the project. General guidelines for the assessment of pile integrity are presented in
table below.
INTEGRITY
COMMENT
(BETA FACTOR)
100% OK
80%-99% Minor Defect
60%-80% Some Defect
< 60% Major Defect
Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
The PDA field capacity is estimated by either RMX or RSU for an assumed Jc value and on the
assumption of uniform cross-section of the pile. RMX is the maximum Case-Goble Resistance
(Maximum Capacity) for the assume Jc value (Case Damping) at the project site. The RMX
capacity generally holds good when the pile shows a reasonable movement under the load. The
RSU capacity is applicable when there is very high skin friction and in most cases the pile
movement is nominal. Hence a more realistic estimate of the pile capacity is obtained from the
CAPWAP analysis conducted on one typical blow at the end of testing program.
A selected PDA field recording of force and velocity data for a blow delivered to the pile was further
analyzed using the computer software CAPWAP. The analysis involved applying the measured pile
top velocity time record to the top of a lumped-mass and spring wave equation model of the pile.
The program computes the pile top force-time record and this is then compared to the actual
measured force-time record. The pile and soil resistance model is then adjusted in an iterative
procedure until good match is obtained between measured and computed forces.
The pile and soil models can then be used to determine the estimated static load-settlement curve.
The results of CAPWAP analysis for a typical blow are briefly summarized in Table 2.
The CAPWAP analysis results for Pile No. P22-2 showed that the pile had achieved an ultimate
capacity of 785.3 tons at the time of testing. This resistance is 1.5 times the design/working load.
The net settlement for the subject pile is 4.0mm. Note that as per HSDPT principle, the pile
achieves an ultimate capacity when the permanent set is at least 3-4mm per blow.
The CAPWAP results showed that the maximum compressive stress experienced by the pile at the
hammer impact was about 18.3 N/mm2. This stress is within the allowable stress limits. The pile
integrity was observed to be 81% at pile toe from test level which can be termed as minor
impedance reduction at that level & within limits. The pile integrity is classified as acceptable.
From CAPWAP analysis, the pile top load vs. settlement curve is obtained by simulating static
load test. The pile top settlement at 780 tons (equivalent test load for static test) is estimated to be
around 8.5mm. Please refer to static analysis in Appendix A.
7.0 CONCLUSIONS
1. The CAPWAP analysis results for Pile No. P22-2 showed that the pile had achieved an
ultimate capacity of 785.3 tons at the time of testing which is more than required test load of
780.0 tons.
3. Note that as per HSDPT principle, the pile achieves an ultimate capacity when the
permanent set is at least 3-4mm per blow
Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
4. The stresses in the pile were within the acceptable limits during any stage of testing.
5. This report has been prepared with generally accepted high strain dynamic pile testing
practices and as per ASTM D4945. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made. The
findings provided in this report are based on the result of the individual pile tested and
information made available to us.
Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
TABLES
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
Used For
5. 2.0 798.6 209.5 2.0 9.0
Analysis
Required / Permissible
Pile No. P22-2
Limits
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
APPENDIX A
CAPWAP ANALYSIS FOR
PILE NO. P22-2
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
SIMPLEX; Pile: P22-2 Test: 01-Aug-2018 16:10:
1200MM; Blow: 5 CAPWAP(R) 2006-2
GEO DYNAMICS OP: GEO DYNAMICS
CAPWAP SUMMARY RESULTS
Total CAPWAP Capacity: 7853.9; along Shaft 2480.7; at Toe 5373.2 kN
Soil Dist. Depth Ru Force Sum Unit Unit Smith Quake
Sgmnt Below Below in Pile of Resist. Resist. Damping
No. Gages Grade Ru (Depth) (Area) Factor
m m kN kN kN kN/m kPa s/m mm
7853.9
1 2.1 1.9 0.9 7853.0 0.9 0.47 0.12 0.455 1.018
2 4.2 4.0 9.8 7843.2 10.7 4.62 1.22 0.455 1.021
3 6.4 6.2 559.3 7283.9 570.0 263.51 69.90 0.455 1.021
4 8.5 8.3 1910.7 5373.2 2480.7 900.21 238.78 0.455 0.988
Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
SIMPLEX; Pile: P22-2 Test: 01-Aug-2018 16:10:
1200MM; Blow: 5 CAPWAP(R) 2006-2
GEO DYNAMICS OP: GEO DYNAMICS
EXTREMA TABLE
Pile Dist. max. min. max. max. max. max. max.
Sgmnt Below Force Force Comp. Tens. Trnsfd. Veloc. Displ.
No. Gages Stress Stress Energy
m kN kN MPa MPa kJ m/s mm
1 1.1 20656.2 -2943.1 18.3 -2.60 58.96 1.3 7.966
2 2.1 20624.4 -4056.6 18.2 -3.59 57.69 1.3 7.942
3 3.2 20160.2 -5573.4 17.8 -4.93 56.78 1.3 7.868
4 4.2 19457.5 -6267.7 17.2 -5.54 55.53 1.3 7.843
5 5.3 19097.7 -6835.8 16.9 -6.04 53.39 1.4 7.769
6 6.4 18391.5 -6509.3 16.3 -5.76 52.69 1.6 7.686
7 7.4 15772.3 -5714.2 13.9 -5.05 45.66 1.9 7.602
8 8.5 12355.1 -2351.6 10.9 -2.08 25.63 2.1 7.516
Absolute 1.1 18.3 (T = 21.5 ms)
5.3 -6.04 (T = 25.3 ms)
CASE METHOD
J = 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
RP 13547.8 11322.1 9096.5 6870.9 4645.2 2419.6 193.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
RX 13547.8 11322.1 9719.8 9719.8 9719.8 9719.8 9719.8 9719.8 9719.8 9719.8
RU 13547.8 11322.1 9096.5 6870.9 4645.2 2419.6 193.9 0.0 0.0 0.0
RAU = 8339.5 (kN); RA2 = 4397.7 (kN)
VMX TVP VT1*Z FT1 FMX DMX DFN SET EMX QUS
m/s ms kN kN kN mm mm mm kJ kN
1.32 20.97 15617.3 20186.8 20407.4 8.115 4.000 4.000 59.3 9792.3
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
30000 kN 30000 kN
Force Msd Force Msd
Force Cpt Velocity Msd
15000 15000
5 55 ms 5 55 ms
0 0
16 L/c 16 L/c
Pile
-15000 -15000
k N /m
600
Ru = 7853.9 kN
3.750 Rs = 2480.7 kN
300
D is p la c e m e n t (m m )
Rb = 5373.2 kN
Dy = 9.0 mm
Dx = 13.0 mm 0
7.500 Pile Force
2000 at Ru
kN
4000
11.250
6000
8000
15.000
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Project No.: PDA-F155-01
Step No. Top Load Top Disp. Toe Load Toe Disp.
kN mm kN mm
Step No. Top Load Top Disp. Toe Load Toe Disp.
kN mm kN mm
Step No. Top Load Top Disp. Toe Load Toe Disp.
kN mm kN mm
Note: 1) This test report or part of the same shall not be reproduced without written permission from the GEO DYNAMICS
2) The results are related to the test performed at location shown by client
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