Print media-Refers to paper publications such as books, magazines, journals, newsletters,

and other materials that are physically printed on paper. At present, some forms of print media
have digital versions and are available for download through applications or website.
Book- It is reading material that can either be fictional or nonfictional. Students use books in
school as reference materials, such as almanac, dictionary, and atlas, which are commonly
found in the library.
Almanac- Published every year, the Almanac contains detailed information about topics of
special interests like the countries around the world.
Dictionary- It is a reference material used to find the word’s definition, etymology,
pronunciation, forms, and its syntactical and idiomatic uses.
Thesaurus- Similar with a Dictionary. The word entries in a Thesaurus are also arranged
alphabetically, each containing the meaning based on its synonyms and antonyms.
Atlas- It is a collection of maps showing geographic features, political boundaries, including
the climatic, social and economical statistics of a specific area.
Newspaper- Printed on a daily basis, a newspaper contains a wide range of articles which
appear on the different sections, such as the news, business, lifestyle, sports, and
entertainment sections.
2 Types of Newspapers
The BROADSHEET’S target readers are usually the professionals who prefer reading formal
news and in-depth analysis of issues.
TABLOID is pegged for those who prefer reading condensed news and entertainment articles
that uses informal language.
Magazine- It is also a periodical publication released weekly, monthly, or quarterly. It
contains articles on various topics depending on the subjects or area the magazine covers.
Journal-Similar to a newspaper, a journal contains informative articles and provides accurate
reports on specific topics, such as medicine. It can also be compared to a magazine as it
targets a particular type of audience. For example, a medical journal intended for medicine
students or medical practitioners.
Newsletter-Organizations or companies release newsletters for special purposes. A newsletter
is published either weekly or monthly. It can be a bulletin where a company or an
organization inform its reader about the updates and happenings in their institution or
community. A newsletter can also contain special features on topics which might be of interest
or value to its target readers.
Gazette-A gazette pertains to the official publication of a government organization or
institution, which is intended for public notices or listing of appointments.
Pamphlet-It can be small booklet, a leaflet, or a primer. It contains a detailed , yet easy to
understand text with images. It is released by an organization or company to inform the public
regarding special topics or issues.
Brochure- It is a small book or magazine that contains pictures and information about the
products or services offered by a company.
Leaflet and flyer- A leaflet and flyer refer to a printed sheet of paper which contains
information about a product for advertising purposes.
Broadcast media It is consist of programs produced by television networks and radio
stations. Contrary to print media, broadcast media airs audio and video materials for the
public’s information, interest, or leisure. Radio, television, and films are three forms of
broadcast media.
Radio- The first known radio is attributed to the Italian inventor, Guglielmo Marconi, when
he made the wireless telegraph in 1895. Radio announcers or DJ’s deliver the news or play
music through airwaves.
Television- It is equipped with an electronic system capable of sending images and sounds by
a wire or through space. Vladimir Kosma Zworykin, a Russian- born American inventor, a
philo Taylor Farnsworth from Utah are credited as the inventors of the modern television.
Film- A film is similar to a television show as it offers a variety of themes and genres. It can
be about drama, comedy, horror, action, animation, or a documentary. Films, also called
movies or motion pictures, are shown on theaters.
Tv and Movie classification rating-In the Philippines, the Movie and TV Ratings
Classification Board MTRCB released a classification rating for the information of parents.
G- G rating means that the show is for general patronage.
PG- PG rating means that the show requires parental guidance.
SPG- SPG rating means that strict parental guidance is required as the show may have themes
that involve violence, horror, and inappropriate language that are not suitable for young
audiences.
R- R rating means a show is restricted for a particular age.
NEW MEDIA
Internet is an electronic communication networks that connects computer users through
various networks and organizational computer facilities around the world.
Web Page- The internet is also called as the worldwide communication network of
computers. The web is the most widely used service on the internet. It is consists of many
web pages joined by hyperlinks. These web pages contain information about a person, or an
organization.
Hypertext- Is a list of information that can be displayed and accessed directly by users.
Instant messaging- Through instant messaging, a user can interact with one another through
online chat in real time.
E-mail- Through an email or electronic message, a user can send information to other people
in any part of the world. The information can be encoded on the message area or attached as a
document.
Distant Education- With distance education, students can now study online in any part of the
world. The student will receive materials from the facilitator or instructor through an email or
from a portal where the student needs to sign up an account. Once the personal account is
activated, lessons in the virtual classroom can now be accessed.
E-book- Refers to a digital or electronic version of a printed book, which can be accessed
with the use of a computer or a gadget. Kindle is a good example of a hand-held device
whose pictures allows a user to read books and connect to the Internet.
Online shopping- Online Shopping provides consumers more choices of products with a
new or unique concept. This is beneficial for budding entrepreneurs as they can advertise their
products easily and reach out to more consumers, even to those who live overseas.
Media convergence- It interconnects with communication technologies computer networks,
and media content.
SOURCE OF INFORMATION FOR HISTORY AND SCIENCE
INDIGENOUS SOURCES. A material is indigenous when it exists naturally in a particular
region or environment. When we refer to someone as indigenous, it connects that a person
belongs to an ethnic tribe who has preserved and still practice the culture and tradition of their
ancestors .
Oral Tradition- Is a form of narration wherein elders recount their culture to their
children and grandchildren through legends, folktales, epics, mythologies, and folk songs.
The following are some examples of oral tradition that had been told by our ancestors,
and were handed down from one generation to another.
Legend- It is a fiction which tells about the history of something.
Folktale- Similar to a legend, a folktale is a narration about the characteristics of the time and
place in which a story is told. The elders in the village tell these stories to their children who
hand them down to the net generation to preserve the tales of their hometown.
Epic- An epic tells a heroic adventure of a main character that sometimes possesses
extraordinary powers.
Mythology- This is a story similar with a legend and a folktale but it focuses more on
creation. Stories of mythology also tell how the lives of mortals or humans are influenced by
the gods.
Primary sources- Are original materials such as the artifacts, documents, recordings, and
other sources of information that were produced during a particular period in history.
THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE- This copperplate, which dates back to 900 AD, shows
that early Filipinos must have interacted with our Asian neighbors, as its inscription is similar
with Hindu and Javanese script. The Laguna Copperplate also shows that laws already existed
back then since the message in the copperplate was about the settlement of debt.
Secondary sources- Are documents made after an event has taken place. Second hand
sources give accounts about a particular event, person, or information. Unlike the primary
sources, which are first-hand accounts, secondary sources provide another angle or analysis
form the perspective of another person.
National Library of France- Built in 1386 is considered the oldest public library in the
world which still exist today. Apart from its vast collection, the national Library of France has
a stunning architectural design. This library is open to the public.
National Library of the Philippines- The National Library is the country’s official library. It
is located in Ermita, Manila near Rizal Park and fronting T.M. Kalaw Avenue. Some of the
famous collection of original materials in the National Library includes Dr. Jose Rizal’s Noli
Me Tangere, El Filibusterismo, and Mi Ultimo Adios.
THE LOUVRE MUSEUM in FRANCE- It is one of the most visited museums in the
world. Apart from the Mona Lisa painting, it also has the Egyptian antiquities in its collection.
National Air and Space Museum- The Smithsonian Institution is in charge with the National
Air and Space Museum located in Washington D.C. This museum holds the largest collection
of historic aircraft and spacecraft in the world. Apart from being a museum, it is also a hub for
research about ten history and science of aviation, space flight, planetary science, terrestrial
geology, and geophysics.
Ayala Museum- The Ayala Museum located in Makati City is famous for its exhibit of 60
handcrafted dioramas, which highlights the important events in the Philippine history. This
museum also has a collection of archeological facts, which consists of notable precolonial
treasures.
The Mind Museum- It is famous for its 250 interactive exhibits about science. It is divided
into five themes: Atom, Earth, Life, Universe, and Technology. The museum is located in
Taguig City.
Blog- Is similar to an editorial column where the editor expresses his opinion about certain
issues. A blogger who owns or maintains a blog, shares his insight, and reviews anything that
interests him. Although a blog entry can appear like a personal journal of the blogger, it still
contains interesting and useful information especially if the blog discusses lifestyle issues or
latest trends.

ADVANTAGES AND LIMITATIONS OF SOME FORMS OF MEDIA

Media Advantages Limitations

PRINT MEDIA Information is Information can easily

comprehensive but easy to become outdated.
read.
It is still accessible even if Since the material is made of
there is no electricity. paper, it can easily get wet or
A new material is always burned.
available.
It is readily available at the Researching and reading can
library. be time consuming.
It is affordable and easy to
carry. Some of the materials are for
library use only.
BROADCAST MEDIA Broadcast media is very Information can only be
versatile as it offers audio accessed if one has a
and visual presentations, television or a radio.
which can be both It cannot be accessed without
informative and entertaining. electricity.
Information can be The audience does not have
interactive as it can be control over the available
viewed and heard. shows and format.
Some forms of broadcast
media give the audience
airtime to express their
opinion.
NEW MEDIA Information can be retrieved The user should be skilled in
(INTERNET) easily, are readily available, information technology.
and can usually be accessed
freely. The user needs to have a
computer with Internet
 It is always updated. access.

The Internet allows global Some information may be

connectivity and interaction. inaccurate.
E-mail Correspondence E-mail allows a researcher to The researcher needs to
communicate with a resource verify if the e-mail address
person, local or abroad. belongs to the resource
person.
It also allows sharing of Getting information could be
information and files through delayed if the resource
attachments. person does not check his e-
mail regularly.
E-mails can end up in the
SPAM folders or accidentally
be deleted.