Psoriatic arthritis is a type of arthritis that develops in some people who experience the skin

condition psoriasis. The skin is in a constant process of regeneration, and completely

replaces itself over the course of a month. New skin cells form underneath the outer layer
of older skin, which then sloughs off to expose the newer skin. Psoriasis develops when the
regeneration process occurs too quickly- the new skin cells develop faster than they should
and the old skin is not shed quick enough. This causes scaly red patches of skin to form,
known as plaques, which can become very sore and itchy. These psoriasis plaques are
usually found in localized patches on the knees, elbows, buttocks or head but can be found
anywhere on the body and can occasionally cover a wider area.
Psoriatic arthritis generally only develops in psoriasis sufferers, although this does not
mean that psoriasis sufferers will automatically develop the condition, nor does it mean
that those with the most severe psoriasis symptoms will develop more severe forms of
psoriatic arthritis. The condition occurs in around five to ten percent of people with
psoriasis. In addition, around fifteen percent of people develop psoriatic arthritis before
experiencing the symptoms of psoriasis.
 Different Types of Psoriatic Arthritis and Their Symptoms

There are five different types of psoriatic arthritis, and each type has its own
symptoms and treatment.

Symmetric arthritis; this affects the same joints in pairs, on each side of the body; for
example both knee joints will be affected. The symptoms resemble a milder form of
rheumatoid arthritis, although it can occur in more severe forms and cause deformity
to the joints. Symmetrical arthritis is the second most common form of psoriatic
arthritis and tends to cause more severe psoriasis symptoms.

Asymmetric arthritis; this tends to affect only a few joints, generally less than five, and
joints are affected individually rather than in pairs. Although any joint can be affected,
it is most common on the fingers and toes, and can cause a swelling in fingers known
as 'sausage digits'. Asymmetrical arthritis is one of the most common forms of
psoriatic arthritis, and is milder and less progressive than other types.

Digital Interphalangeal Predominant (DIP) arthritis; this affects the last joint in the
toes and fingers, and can be mistaken for osteoarthritis.
Different Types of Psoriatic Arthritis and Their Symptoms

Arthritis mutilans; this is a rare form of psoriatic arthritis, affecting fewer than 5% of
sufferers, but can be severe. It can destroy cartilage and bone tissue, and can cause
deformity to the hands, feet or spine. It generally occurs in flare ups and subsequent
remissions, which are reflected in the symptoms of psoriasis.

Spondylitis; this is an inflammation of the spinal joints and discs, and can be very
severe, resulting in spinal deformities if not treated. It can also affect the joints and
ligaments in the arms and legs. The predominant symptoms include stiffness in the
back and neck joints, tenderness and inflammation.
Other Psoriatic Arthritis Symptoms

In addition to the above symptoms, there are several more which can indicate the
presence of the condition;

•Swelling, throbbing, redness and stiffness in the affected joints, particularly first thing
in the morning or after a period of rest
•Reduced range of movement in the affected joints of digits
•Swelling to the fingers or toes, as the joints and connective tissues become inflamed
•General tiredness
•Changes in finger and toe nails; nails may become thicker or become 'pitted' in
appearance
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