Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OF EL-MANGO
……………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………..
SBTS………………………………………………………Petitioner
v.
STATE OF EL-MANGO…………….………………..Respondent
………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………....
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…………………………………………….2
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES……………………………………………...4
TABLE OF CASES……………………………………………………….6
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION…………………………………….9
STATEMENT OF FACTS……………………………………………….10
STATEMENT OF ISSUES……………………………………………….11
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS…………………………………………12
ARGUMENTS ADVANCED……………………………………………..13
PRAYER…………………………………………………………………….29
1
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
& And
Art. Article
Ed. Edition
et al et alia
etc. et cetera
i.e. id est
Ors. Others
p. Page
pp. Pages
para Paragraph
SC Supreme Court
2
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
SCR Supreme Court Reporter
Supp. Supplement
v. Versus
3
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
INDEX OF AUTHORITIES
1. Pandey, Dr. J. N., The Constitutional Law of India, 45th Ed., Central Law Agency,
2008
2. Basu Durga Das, Constitutional Remedies and Writs, 3rd Ed. Kamala Law House,
Kolkata, 2009
3. Taraporevala, V. J., Law of Intellectual Property
4. Shukla, V. N., Constitution of India, 11th Ed., Eastern Book Company, Lucknow
5. Vashishth Vikass, Law and Practice of Intellectual Property in India, Bharat Law
House
6. Jain Rajiv, et al, Law of Patents
7. Bakshi P. M., The Constitution of India, Universal Law Publishing Co. Pvt Ltd., 2011
8. Salmond, Jurisprudence, 11th Ed.
9. Stair, Ralph M, et al, (2003), Principles of Information Systems, 6th Ed., Thomson
Learning, Inc.
10. Silberschatz Abraham (1994), Operating System Concepts, 4th Ed., Addison-Wesley
1. Commentary on the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property, Reiss
Seth, M.
2. Intellectual Property Rights: Patents and Copyright, NASSCOM
3. In India, A High-Tech Outpost for U.S. Patents, Deccan herald
4. The Cost of Obtaining a Patent in the U.S., Quinn Gene
LIST OF JOURNALS:
4
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
3. Supreme Court Cases (SCC)
4. The GNLU Law Review, Vol. 3, Oct. 2010
1. Constitution of India
2. The Patents Act, 1970
3. The Patents (Amendment) Ordinance, 2004
4. The Copyrights Act, 1957
5. The Companies Act, 1956
6. General Clauses Act, 1897
7. U.S. Patent Act, 1952
8. U.K. Patent Act, 1977
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
TABLE OF CASES
13. K.G.Khosla and Company v. The Union of India 7 (1971) DLT 429
14. Kedar Nath Bajoria v. State of W.B. AIR 1953 SC 404, 406
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
15. D.S.Nakara v. Union of India (1983) 1 SCC 305
17. Motor General Traders v. State of A.P. (1984) 1 SCC 222, 229
19. Raj Pal Sharma v. State of Haryana 1985 Supp SCC 72,75
25. Chamberlain v. Mayor of Bradford 1903 (20) RPC 673, 684 (H.L.)
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
30. Canadian General Electric Co. Ltd. v. Fada Radio AIR 1930 P.C. 1
Ltd.
31. Chiron Corp. v. Murex Diagnostic 1996 FSR 153, 178
34. Bajaj Auto Ltd. v. TVS Motor Company Ltd. (2008) IILJ 726 Mad
35. Molnlycke A.B. v. Proctor and Gamble 1994 RRPC 49, 113
8
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
STATEMENT OF JURISDICTION
The Petitioner has approached this Hon’ble Court seeking its writ jurisdiction under Article
32 of the Constitution of El-Mango
9
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
STATEMENT OF FACTS
Blueland Technology Solution (BTS) is a leading Software and Technology giant in the
world having its registered corporate office in USA. El-Mango is a state located in Asia and
has adopted the same legal structure as that of Republic of India. BTS developed an
innovative software (a computer program) to help medical practitioners in their profession.
This was the first of its kind as commented by few of the doctors who Beta-Tested the same.
Market Survey of BTS showed that the sales of this software would help the development of
Medicine industry and also BTS’ profit shall go up by 10%.
BTS, to secure monopoly Rights, filed Patent Application for the said software in USA and
successfully got the same. BTS appoints SBTS, a company situated in El-Mango as its Agent
to file for Patent in El-Mango. Patent was denied in El-Mango for the reason that the Patents
Act, 1970 explicitly prevented patenting of software or computer program. SBTS’ appeal
before the Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) was also dismissed for the same
reason. Similar Software patents were rejected for several other companies in El-Mango.
Hence BTS files a Writ Petition under Art.32 before Hon’ble Supreme Court.
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
STATEMENT OF ISSUES
1. The Petitioner has the locus standi to file the present Writ Petition under Art. 32
of the Constitution of El-Mango
11
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
SUMMARY OF ARGUMENTS
1. The Petitioner has the locus standi to file the present Writ Petition under Art. 32
of the Constitution of El-Mango
It is humbly submitted before this Hon’ble Court that the Petitioner in the present
instance is BTS filing a writ through its assignee, SBTS. This Petitioner has locus
standi to file the same because Article 14 is guaranteed to all persons and the writ is
filed on the basis of this provision of law. Also, the International Instruments signed
by El-Mango warrant National Treatment of Individuals.
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
ARGUMENTS ADVANCED
1. The Petitioner has the locus standi to file the present Writ Petition under Art. 32 of
the Constitution of El-Mango
Locus standi means a place of standing, a right of appearance in a Court of Justice. It
signifies the right to bring an action and to be heard.1 In the present instance, the writ
petition is filed by BTS through SBTS. It is humbly submitted that the Petitioner has the
locus standi to approach this Hon’ble Court under Art. 32 of the Constitution because the
Fundamental Right alleged to be violated in the present instance is Article 14 and the
Petitioner has the right to claim this right.
1.1 SBTS is an assignee within the meaning of the term in the Patents Act, 1970
According to Sec 2 (ab) of the Patents Act, 1970, an assignee includes an assignee
of the assignee and the legal representative of a deceased assignee and references to
the assignee of any person include references to the assignee of the legal
representative or assignee of that person. This is not an exhaustive definition.
Assignment is the act of transferring to another all or part of one's property, interest or
rights. An "assignee" is a person to whom an assignment is made. Assignee in fact is
one to whom an assignment has been made in fact by the party having the right; and
assignee in law is one in whom the law vests the right, as an executor or
administrator. Assignee means a person appointed by another to do any act or perform
any business; also a person who takes some right, title or interest in things by an
assignment from an assignor.2 SBTS is a company situated in El-Mango and is an
assignee of BTS to file for Patent in El-Mango on behalf of Blueland Technology
Solution (BTS).
1.2 BTS can claim the right to equality guaranteed under Art. 14
SBTS is a foreign company within the meaning of sec. 591 (1) (a) of the
Companies Act, 1956. It was appointed by BTS as its assignee to file for patent in
respect of a software. SBTS filed for Patent which was denied because the Patents
Act, 1970 explicitly prevented patenting of software. SBTS’ appeal before the
Intellectual Property Appellate Board (IPAB) was also dismissed. So, BTS has filed
1 Aiyar Ramanatha, P., Concise Law Dictionary, LexisNexis Buttersworth Wadhwa Nagpur, 2009
2 Wharton's Law Lexicon
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
the present writ petition through its assignee, SBTS. It is humbly submitted before
this Hon’ble Court that BTS can claim the right to equality through SBTS. SBTS is a
company recognised by the Companies Act, 1956 as a foreign company.
A person can approach the Supreme Court under Art. 32 of the Constitution only
when a fundamental right that that person has a claim to, is violated. 3 Article 14 of the
Constitution states thus: The State shall not deny to any person equality before the law
or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of El-Mango. Article 14 can be
availed of by the Petitioner because of various international agreements and also the
existing laws in El-Mango relating to Patents. Also, a wholesome reading of this
Article permits the petitioner to avail of this right.
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
Also, the statutory law applicable to Patents in El-Mango is the Patents Act,
1970. This Act also contains provisions for the filing of an application by a person
who is not a national of El-Mango. Section 6 of the Patents Act, 1970 gives an
assignee of a first and true inventor the right to apply for patent on behalf of the
inventor. Therefore, it is evident that El-Mango in keeping in mind its
International obligations and also inorder to amend and consolidate the law
relating to Patents and also to grant an exclusive privilege of monopoly to an
inventor to stimulate and promote research and investigation whether he is a
national of El-Mango or not has decided to give the right to any person to file an
application for patent in El-Mango. The State has granted this right in order to
protect the inventions of a person. Therefore, it is evident that if the object of
protection of Intellectual Property especially inventions and patents is to be
accomplished, the right to equality needs to be assured to the Applicants and their
assignees whether they are nationals or not. In fact Art. 1 of the Paris Convention
states that the countries to which the Convention applies constitute a Union for the
Protection of Industrial Property. In order for protection of industrial property
effectively patents need to be granted and the law and administrative procedures
governing the granting of patents should not be vitiated by arbitrariness and
therefore Art. 14 should be extended in its application to applicants claiming IPR
protection.
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
granted special treatment while the second expression is a pledge of protection or
guarantee of equal laws.7 A wholesome reading of Art. 14 shows that what the
Article means is that there should be equality of treatment of all persons within the
territory of El-Mango, i.e. every person, within the territory of El-Mango should
have the same rights as granted to persons on similar footing. The words “within
the territory of El-Mango” must be taken to mean that every person who has a
right in El-Mango granted by the State should be assured of the protection of
Art.14.
According to this Article 14, the right to equality can be claimed by ‘any
person’. According to Salmond, legal persons are beings real or imaginary who
for the purposes of legal reasoning are treated in greater or less degree in the same
way as human beings. In legal theory, a person is any being whom the law regards
as capable of rights or duties.13 According to Section 3 (42) of the General
7 Shukla, V.N., Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, 11th Ed., 2010
8 (2004) 2 ALD 878
9 AIR (1993) Delhi 252
10 (1971) 3 SCC 104
11 (1991) 3 SCC 554
12 (2000) 2 SCC 465
13 Salmond, Jurisprudence, 11th Ed., pp. 350-351
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
Clauses Act, 1897, a person shall include any company or association or body of
individuals, whether incorporated or not. It has been held in the case Jabbar v.
State of U.P.14 , that the provision in the General Clauses Act shows the intention
of the legislature to treat artificial persons as persons. Also, the Punjab and
Haryana High Court, in the case of Shiv Prasad v. Punjab State 15 held that the term
person used in Art. 14 does not include state but however includes natural persons
and artificial persons like corporations and joint stock companies. As has been held in
Charanjit Lal Chowdhary v. Union of India,16 juristic person is entitled to the right
to equality. SBTS is a foreign Company within the meaning of the Companies Act,
1956, sec. 591 and registered thereunder. So Art. 14 can be claimed by the
Petitioner since SBTS is a company situated in El-Mango.
To enforce this right under Art. 14, Art. 32 guarantees the right to
constitutional remedies. In order to protect the right to equality, the Petitioner can
approach this Hon’ble Court under Art. 32 and has the locus standi to do the same.
As expressed by Patanjali Sastri, J., “The Supreme Court should regard itself as
the protector and guarantor of fundamental rights and should declare that it
cannot, consistently with the responsibility laid upon it, refuse to entertain
applications seeking protection against infringements of such rights 17 The Court
should regard it as a solemn duty to protect the fundamental rights zealously and
vigilantly.18 ” From this, it is evident that the Court in order to guarantee
effectively the right to apply for patent to the Petitioner must guarantee the right to
equality of the Petitioner and must declare that the Petitioner has the locus standi
to file the writ petition and allow the same.
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
Consequently, they shall have the same protection as the latter, and the same legal
remedy against any infringement of their rights, provided that the conditions and
formalities imposed upon nationals are complied with. However, no requirement
as to domicile or establishment in the country where protection is claimed may be
imposed upon nationals of countries of the Union for the enjoyment of any
industrial property rights. This provision means that the same quality and quantity
of treatment be granted to every person, be he a national or foreigner.
19 Commentary on the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property , Reiss Seth, M.
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
2. Denial of software Patenting is a violation of Article 14 of the Constitution and
consequently Sec. 3 of the Patents Act, 1970 is unconstitutional
Article 14 of the Constitution states thus: The State shall not deny to any person
equality before the law or the equal protection of the laws within the territory of El-
Mango. However, denial of software patenting is a violation of this right to equality and is
arbitrary.
The phrase ‘equality before law’ implies the absence of any special privilege in favour
of any individual while the phrase ‘equal protection of the laws’ is a pledge of protection
or guarantee of equal laws.20 It contains a Constitutional guarantee of equality before the
"law" and the prevalence of the rule of law in all situations. It prohibits the State from
discriminating through legislative, administrative executive action. 21 The equal protection
of laws guaranteed by the Constitution does not prohibit the Parliament from making
legislative classification22 but the classification must be valid and reasonable. 23
2.1 Section 3 of the Patents Act does not pass the test of reasonable classification and
doctrine of arbitrariness
Any legislation needs to be tested with the reasonable classification test to
declare that it is not class legislation. The test24 is as under:
i. The classification must be founded on an intelligible differentia which
distinguishes persons or things that are grouped together from others left out of
the group
ii. The differentia must have a rational relation to the object sought to be
achieved by the statute in question
In E.P. Royappa v. State of TamilNadu,25 the Court held that equality is the
antithesis of arbitrariness and where an act is arbitrary, it is implicit in it that it is
unequal both according to political logic and constitutional law and is therefore
20 Shukla, V.N., Constitution of India, Eastern Book Company, 11th Ed., 2010 , p. 45
21 K.G.Khosla and Company v. The Union of India, 7 (1971) DLT 429
22 Kedar Nath Bajoria v. State of W.B., AIR 1953 SC 404, 406
23 D.S.Nakara v. Union of India, (1983) 1 SCC 305
24 State of W.B. v. Anwar Ali Sarkar, AIR 1952 SC 75; Motor General Traders v. State of A.P., (1984) 1 SCC
222, 229; Prabodh Verma v. State of U.P., (1984) 4 SCC 251; Raj Pal Sharma v. State of Haryana, 1985 Supp
SCC 72,75
25 AIR 1974 SC 555
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
violative of Art. 14. Also, in Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India,26 it was held by the
Court that Article 14 strikes at arbitrariness in State action and ensures fairness and
equality of treatment. This was reiterated by the Court in R.D.Shetty v. Airport
Authority.27 There was an assimilation of the doctrine of classification and the
doctrine of arbitrariness in the case D.S.Nakara v. Union of India.28
The Patents Act, 1970, under Section 3 (k) says that software program per se is
not patentable as an invention. There is therefore a distinction where certain
inventions under sec. 3 are expressly denied patent. Therefore, it can be stated that
section 3 of the Patents Act, 1970 which does not allow computer software to be
patented should be tested to see if it is a reasonable classification and also it should
be proved that it is not arbitrary. Otherwise, it would be unconstitutional and
violative of Article 14 of the Constitution.
The object of the Patent law was explained by Lord Oliver in Asahi, Kanei
Kogyo29 as encouraging improvements and innovation by conferring the benefit of
a monopoly for a defined period of monopoly on the inventor so that he may make
known his invention to the public. Another purpose is that companies will be
willing to take risk and expend much money and efforts in the development of
scientific and legal research. The Supreme Court has reiterated this object of
Patent Law in the case, Bishwanath Prasad v. H.M.Industries.30 In leaving
software programs out of the purview of patent law, the object of the legislation of
promoting research is not fulfilled.
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
software programs and certain other discoveries and inventions out of the purview
of patents, inequality arises.
The reasons for keeping certain things out of the purview of patentable
subject matter are as follows:
i. Mere ideas and discoveries are not patentable32
ii. Patent cannot be claimed for an idea or principle as stifles further
research33
Software program on the other hand does not stifle research. A computer
program is a sequence of instructions written to perform a specified task with
a computer.34 A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the
program's instructions in a central processor.35 There can be innovation in
preparing a computer program. Thus, a basic software can be unpatentable.
However, when a software program as in the present instance, which contributes to
the software field and also has utility in other fields cannot and should not be
denied patent. By granting software patenting to such software programs, there can
be no stifling of research but rather a promotion of research in the software field.
Section 3 (k) of the Patents Act, 1970 expressly states that a mathematical or
business method or a computer program per se or algorithms is not patentable. In
fact, in keeping with the requirements of the TRIPS agreement, an Ordinance was
passed in 2004 to amend this subsection. The amendment read a computer
programme per se other than its technical application to industry or a combination
with hardware was not patentable. However, this amendment was not included in
the Patents (Amendment) Act, 2005. So the law still stands that computer
programme per se is not patentable. This means that the protection guaranteed to
other inventions by the Patent Act, 1970 is not guaranteed to software programs.
This is a violation of equality.
32 Jupe v. Pratt, (1837) 1 WPC 144; Chamberlain v. Mayor of Bradford, 1903 (20) RPC 673, 684 (H.L.)
33 Biogen v. Medeva, 1997 RPC 1, 52
34 Stair, Ralph M, et al, (2003, Principles of Information Systems, 6th Ed., Thomson Learning, Inc., pp. 132
35 Silberschatz Abraham (1994), Operating System Concepts, 4th Ed., Addison-Wesley, pp. 58.
21
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
inventions. This is because keeping software programs out of the purview of
inventions does not result in protection of intellectual property, does not promote
research in the software field and in turn does not encourage the object of the Act.
Therefore, it is humbly submitted that there is no intelligible differentia in this
classification. Also, the differentia does not have a nexus to the object of the act
and promote it but rather is against the very object of the Act.
Also, the other provisions of section 3 of the Patents Act, 1970 violate the
object of the Act and do not enhance it. Subsection (i) keeps out any process for the
medicinal, surgical, curative, prophylactic or other treatment of human beings or
any process for a similar treatment of animals to render them free of disease or to
increase their economic value or that of their products is again violative of Art. 14
and inconsistent with the object of the Patents Act. This is because if there was for
example, a new medicine invented, then that would not be recognised for granting
of patent as an invention, thereby stifling research in that field. It is thus evident
that Section 3 needs revamping and in its present form is a violation of Art. 14 of
the Constitution.
36 Section 2 (ffc)
37 Intellectual Property Rights:
Patents and Copyright,
http://www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/NormalPage.aspx?id=22708 (visited on 2011-8-23)
22
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
lawful possessor in respect of the programme. Under the Patents Act, 1970,
according to section 48, the patentee has the exclusive right to prevent third parties,
who do not have his consent, from the act of making, using, offering for sale,
selling or importing for those purposes that product in India. Also, section 46 (2)
says that a patent can be granted in respect of one invention only. Ignoring patents
can lead to disastrous results. Xerox reported losses of US$ 500 million by not
patenting its GUI technology; Visicalc lost out when it did not protect its
spreadsheet technology.38 All this goes to prove that the protection offered by a
patent is better than that which offered by a copyright. This protection is being
denied to software programmes by Section 3 of the Patents Act, 1970 and this
constitutes a ground of inequality, for if an inventor invents anything other than a
computer programme, the Law extends protection while in case of a computer
programme, the same protection is not extended by the State.
2.3 The denial of software patenting in the State of El-Mango constitutes a loss of
revenue for the State
It is humbly submitted before this Hon’ble Court that over the years many
multinational companies have been established in India (a State whose legal structure
has been adopted by the State of El-Mango) and there have been many innovative
software programmes that have been produced by Indian companies and also that
these software have been patented in U.S.A. 39 American Companies like Cisco
Systems, General Electric, I.B.M., Intel, Motorola and Texas Instruments, whose
various Indian units have filed over 1000 applications with U.S. Patent and
Trademarks Office. This condition also exists in El-Mango. The minimum cost for
filing a patent application for computer implemented method is around $17,000, the
minimum government filing fees itself being $500.40 Patent royalty can be a good
source of revenue. While IBM licensing net revenues touch around US$ 1.4 billion a
year, Texas Instruments gains US$ 800 million a year from licensing. Digital
Equipment got US$ 1.5 billion from Intel for dropping its patent infringement suit.41
38 ibid
39 InIndia, A High-Tech Outpost for U.S. Patents, Deccan herald,
http://www.nasscom.in/Nasscom/templates/NormalPage.aspx?id=1355 (visited on 2011-8-23)
40 The Cost of Obtaining a Patent in the U.S., Quinn Gene, http://ipwatchdog.com/2011/01/28/the-cost-of-
23
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
Thus, keeping software programs out of the purview of Patents apart from being a
violation of Article 14 also constitutes a loss of revenue to the state.
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MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
3. Software is patentable under the Patents Act, 1970
It is humbly submitted before this Hon’ble Court that software is patentable
under the Patents Act, 1970 if not for section 3 (k). This is because only sec. 3(k)
prevents the patenting of software while the rest of the provisions can be interpreted
to allow patenting of software.
25
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
According to the Copyrights Act, 1957, computer programme means a set of
instructions expressed in words, codes, schemes or in any other form, including a
machine readable medium, capable of causing a computer to perform a particular
task or achieve a particular result.46 In the present instance, BTS has developed an
innovative software programme to help medical practitioners in their profession.
When the product was released for Beta-Testing, a few of the doctors commented
that it was the first of its kind. Thus, there is novelty in this computer programme.
The definition of the term ‘invention’ uses the phrase ‘capable of industrial
application’ to denote utility. According to section 2 (ac) of the Act, capable of
industrial application means that the invention is capable of being made or used in
an industry. The test for utility as laid down in Chiron Corp. v. Murex
Diagnostic47 is what could be made and used in industry rather than what can be
made and used by the industry. In the case, In Re Dane K. Fisher and
Raghunath Lalgudi,48 relying on Brenner v. Mason,49 the U.S. Court of Appeal
for the Federal Circuit held that there should be substantial utility derived by the
public, i.e., an asserted use must show that the claimed invention has a
significantly and presently available benefit to the public. In the present instance,
the software produced complies with the test mentioned above. It has substantial
utility because these software sales would help the development of the medicine
industry.
46 Section 2 (ffc)
47 1996 FSR 153, 178
48 (September 2005), 04-1965 (Serial No. 09/619, 643)
49 38 US 519, at 534-35
50 Bajaj Auto Ltd. v. TVS Motor Company Ltd., (2008) IILJ 726 Mad
26
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
b. Non-obviousness to a person skilled in the art51
In the case, Bishwanath Prasad v. H.M. Industries,52 it was held by the
Court that to be patentable the improvement or the combination must produce a
new result or a new article or a better or cheaper article than before. The
combination of old known integers may be so combined that by their working
inter-relation they produce a new process or improved result. Mere collection of
more than one integers or things, not involving the exercise of any inventive
faculty, does not qualify for the grant of a patent.
51 Molnlycke A.B. v. Proctor and Gamble, 1994 RRPC 49, 113; Hoechst Celanese Corp. v. BP Chemicals, 1997
FSR 547, 562
52 Supra 5
53 1997 FSR 547, 562
54 1991 IPLR 150
55 1985 RPC 59, 77
27
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
obviousness has been satisfied and since the other elements of an invention are
also present, patent should be granted.
3.2 Software is patentable in the State of El-Mango
From the above contention, it is obvious that if section 3 were to be declared
unconstitutional, the main impediment to patenting of software would be removed.
Consequently, the various provisions of the Act attest to the fact that computer
software with technical or economic significance and non obviousness does constitute
an invention, and therefore, software is patentable in El-Mango. Also, due to the
presence of the qualifications mentioned by the Patents Act in the present invention, it
can be patented under the Act.
28
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER
PRAYER FOR RELIEF
Wherefore in the light of the issues raised, arguments advanced and authorities cited, it is
humbly prayed before this Hon’ble Court to adjudge and declare
that Section 3 of the Patents Act, 1970 is unconstitutional and issue the writ of mandamus
and pass any other order or orders as this Hon’ble Court may deem fit and proper in the
circumstances of the case and in the light justice, equity and good conscience and thus render
Justice.
29
MEMORIAL ON BEHALF OF THE PETITIONER