Professional Documents
Culture Documents
- Dr. Chintan
Secretory glands
- Mucous glands: provide mucus for lubrication and
protection – Mucus cells or goblet cells
- Digestive enzymes: Digestion
- Hormonal Regulation
Mucus
- Mucus is a thick secretion composed mainly of
water, electrolytes, and a mixture of
glycoproteins
- Parotid - serous
- Submandibular, sublingual glands – serous & mucus
- thiocyanate ions
- Lysozyme
- (a) attack the bacteria,
- (b) aid the thiocyanate ions in entering the bacteria
where these ions in turn become bactericidal
- protein antibodies
Nervous Regulation
- salivary glands are controlled mainly by
parasympathetic nervous signals all the way from
the superior and inferior salivatory nuclei in the brain
stem
- Stimulants of histamine
- gastrin, which is formed almost entirely in the
antral portion of the stomach mucosa in response
to proteins in the foods
- Ach released from stomach vagal nerve endings
Acid Secretion by Gastrin
- Gastrin cells - G cells - in the pyloric glands
in the distal end of the stomach
- Trypsin activate
chymotrypsinogen → chymotrypsin
- Trypsin activate
procarboxypolypeptidase →
Trypsin Inhibitor
- Proteolytic enzymes of the pancreatic juice not
become activated until after they have been
secreted into the intestine,
- Neutralizes HCL
- Carbonic anhydrase
- HCO3 + Na + Water
Regulation of Pancreatic Secretion
- Ach and cholecystokinin, stimulate the acinar cells
of the pancreas, causing production of large
quantities of pancreatic digestive enzymes
- Bile acids
- (1) they help to emulsify the large fat particles
of the food into many minute particles, the
surface of which can then be attacked by lipase
enzymes secreted in pancreatic juice,
- (2) they aid in absorption of the digested fat end
products through the intestinal mucosal
membrane
- Ach
Bile Salts & Fat
- 6 grams of bile salts daily
Cholesterol
↓
cholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid
↓
glycine & taurine
↓
Conjugated bile acids - Glyco cholic acid, Tauro
cholic acid
↓
Sodium salts, Bile salts – Sodium glyco
cholate, sodium tauro cholate
-
Bile Salts
detergent action on the fat particles - decreases the
surface tension of the particles and allows agitation in the
intestinal tract to break the fat globules into minute sizes
- emulsifying function