cWorksheet No: 2 1. -I am from Turkey. I am Turkish. Jorge is from Spain. He is ________________.

Peter is from Germany. He is _________________. Yoshimi is from China. He is _________________.

I am Italian. I am from ________________. He is Greek. He is from _________________. She is
Egyptian. She is from ________________. We are French. We are _________________. 2. a, an It is
a book. It is an umbrella. a an a key a comb a wallet a ticket an apple an orange an egg an umbrella
We use a before consonants. Consonants: b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z We use an before
words beginning with a vowel or with a vowel sound. Vowels : a e i o u *Before a singular noun we
normally use a or an. an apple a desk *Remember to use a or an when you talk about someone's job.
Mustafa Kaya is a teacher. Ayþe is a nurse. *We use a before u when we pronounce u /ju:/. a
university an hour but an uncle an aunt *We don't use a or an before a plural noun. He has got two
bicycles. Ali and Ercan have got three books. A. Write "a" or "an" if necessary 1. ____ pencil 2. ____
wall 3. ____ eggs 4. ____ clock 5. ____ desk 6. ____ umbrella 7. ____ dog 8. ____ hen 9. ____ fish
10. ____ windo 11. ____ uncle 12. ____ orange 13. ____ man 14. ____ girl 15. ____ apple 16. ____
rulers 17. ____ classroom 18. ____ boy 19. ____ duck 20. ____ picture 21. ____ box 22. ____
blackboard 23. ____ cars 24. ____ flower 25. ____ woman 26. ____ teacher 27. ____ university 28.
____ student 29. ____ shirt 30. ____ pens 3. That is a book. That isn't a pen. Is that an egg? This is an
apple. This isn't a box. Is this a table? It is a cat. It isn't a ruler. Is it a bag? 4. Is this a book? Yes, it is.
that No, it isn't. it 5. What's that? -It's a map. this it 6. Singular and plural nouns a book ...... books an
apple ..... apples a boy ...... boys To make a singular noun plural, add "s". girl .......... , banana .......... ,
spoon ............ , camera ........... a baby ........ babies a secretary ........ secretaries a city ........ cities a
lady .......... ladies Words ending in consonant + y : change y ... i + es . but vowel + y : add only "s". a
day..... two days, a key ....... three keys a box .... boxes a glass .... glasses a bus .... buses a match ...
matches Words ending "ch, sh, x, s, ss ": add "es". a piano ..... pianos a stereo .... stereos a disco .....
discos a video ..... videos a potato ..... potatoes a tomato .... tomatoes We also add "es" to a few
words ending in "o". half .... halves wolf ... wolves thief ... thieves shelf ... shelves If the word ends in
"f" or "fe" change to "-ves". but roof ....roofs , handkerchief ..... handkerchiefs deer ...... deer sheep
..... sheep fish ...... fish Some animals have the same form in singular and plural. 7. Irregular plurals: a
man ..... two men a woman ... four women a mouse .... two mice a child ..... ten children a person ...
five people

Clauses Exercise
JULY 10, 2018 -

Identify the kind of clause used in the following sentences.

1. The jury believed that the man was guilty.

Adjective clause

Noun clause
Adverb clause

2. Come when you like.

Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause

3. I know the girl who won the prize.

Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause

4. He confessed that he was guilty.

Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause

5. I know you have great regard for him.

Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause

6. Do you think that I am a fool?

Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause
7. Before I die I want to see Venice.
Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause

8. The hand that rocks the cradle rules the

world.
Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause

9. I know a boy whose father serves in the army.

Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause

10. I will not go until he arrives.

Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause

11. The coffee maker that I bought for my wife is

expensive.
Noun clause

Adjective clause

Adverb clause
Conditional
Conditional sentence If clause verb
Usage
type tense
Zero General truths Simple present
Type 1 A possible condition and its probable result Simple present
A hypothetical condition and its probable
Type 2 Simple past
result
An unreal past condition and its probable
Type 3 Past perfect
result in the past

THE ZERO CONDITIONAL

The zero conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation
is real and possible. The zero conditional is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both
parts of the sentence is the simple present. In zero conditional sentences, the word "if" can usually be
replaced by the word "when" without changing the meaning.

If clause Main clause

If + simple present simple present

If this thing happens that thing happens.

If you heat ice it melts.

If it rains the grass gets wet.

Conditional sentence Usage If clause verb Main clause v

type tense

Zero General truths Simple present Simple presen

Type 1 A possible condition and its probable result Simple present Simple future

Type 2 A hypothetical condition and its probable result Simple past Present condit
conditional
Conditional sentence Usage If clause verb Main clause v
type tense

Type 3 An unreal past condition and its probable result in Past perfect Perfect conditi
the past

Mixed type An unreal past condition and its probable result in Past perfect Present contdi
the present

TYPE 1 CONDITIONAL
The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type
1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is
in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future.

If clause Main clause

If + simple present simple future

If this thing happens that thing will happen.

If you don't hurry you will miss the train.

If it rains today you will get wet.

TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that
is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a
hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the
simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

If clause Main clause

If + simple past present conditional or present continuous conditional

If clause Main clause

If this thing happened that thing would happen. (but I'm not sure this thing will happen) OR
that thing would be happening.

If you went to bed earlier you would not be so tired.

If it rained you would get wet.

If I spoke Italian I would be working in Italy.

TYPE 3 CONDITIONAL
The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to
reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is
used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences,
the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

If clause Main clause

If + past perfect perfect conditional or perfect continuous conditional

If this thing had happened that thing would have happened. (but neither of those things really happen
that thing would have been happening.

If you had studied harder you would have passed the exam.

If it had rained you would have gotten wet.

If I had accepted that promotion I would have been working in Milan.

onditional sentences are sometimes confusing for learners of English as a second

language.

Watch out:
1. Which type of conditional sentences is it?

2. Where is the if-clause (e.g. at the beginning or at the end of the conditional
sentence)?

There are three types of conditional sentences.

type condition

I condition possible to fulfill

II condition in theory possible to fulfill

III condition not possible to fulfill (too late)

1. Form

type if-clause main clause

I Simple Present will-future or (Modal + infinitive)

II Simple Past would + infinitive *

III Past Perfect would + have + past participle *

2. Examples (if-clause at the beginning)

type if clause main clause

type if clause main clause

I If I study, I will pass the exam.

II If I studied, I would pass the exam.

III If I had studied, I would have passed the exam.

3. Examples (if-clause at the end)

type main clause if-clause

I I will pass the exam if I study.

II I would pass the exam if I studied.

III I would have passed the exam if I had studied.

4. Examples (affirmative and negative sentences)

type Examples

long forms short/contracted forms

I + If I study, I will pass the exam. If I study, I'll pass the exam.
type Examples

long forms short/contracted forms

If I study, I will not fail the exam. If I study, I won't fail the exam.
-
If I do not study, I will fail the exam. If I don't study, I'll fail the exam.

II + If I studied, I would pass the exam. If I studied, I'd pass the exam.

What Are Articles?

Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific. Consider the
following examples:

After the long day, the cup of tea tasted particularly good.

By using the article the, we’ve shown that it was one specific day that was long
and one specific cup of tea that tasted good.
After a long day, a cup of tea tastes particularly good.

By using the article a, we’ve created a general statement, implying that any cup of