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When compression steel is used, the nominal resisting moment of the steel is
assumed to be consisted of two parts.
1- The part due to the compression concrete and the balancing area of tensile
reinforcement.
a
M n1 As1 f y d
2
2- The part due to compression steel and the balancing area of tensile
reinforcement.
M n2 As f y d d if compression steel is yield
M n2 As f sd d if compression steel is not yield
a
M n M n1 M n 2 As1 f y d As f y d d
2
d'
A'S A'S
= d + d-d'
AS AS1 AS2
The strain in the compression steel is checked to determine whether or not it has
yielded. With the obtained strain, the compression stress is determined.
c d
f s 0.003 Es
c
And the value of As 2 is computed with the following expression:
As 2 f y As f s
Also, the net tensile strain in the extreme tensile steel ( εt ) should be calculated to
check the ductility of the section.
t 0.005 Ø = 0.9
0.004 t 0.005 Ø < 0.9
To determine the strain and thus the stress in both tensile and compression steel,
the location of the N.A ( the value of 'c') should be determined using the following
quadratic equation:
73
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.9 Strength Design Method
c d
As f y 0.85 f c1cb As 0.003Es
c
Analysis Procedure:
1- Find the location of the N.A ( the value of 'c' ) using the quadratic equation:
c d
As f y 0.85 f c1cb As 0.003Es
c
2- Solve the above equation for 'c' then find 'a':
a 1c
3- Compute the strains in compression steel and tensile steel.
c d
a- Check the yielding of compression steel; s 0.003
c
fy
if s y Then compression steel yields and As 2 As
Es
fy c d
if s y Then compression steel is not yield and f s 0.003 Es
Es c
f
and As 2 s As
fy
b- Calculate the strain of the extreme tensile steel t to check section ductility.
d c
t 0.003
c
4- As1 As As 2
5- Calculate the design moment strength:
a fy
M n As1 f y d As f y d d if s y and;
2 Es
a fy
M n As1 f y d As f sd d if s y
2 Es
74
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.9 Strength Design Method
Analysis Examples:
Ex.1)
Determine the design moment capacity of the beam section shown below. Use
f c 21MPa and f y 420MPa . 65 mm
2 Ø 28
680 mm
545 mm
Sol.)
As 4 1018 4072mm 2 4 Ø 36
75
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.9 Strength Design Method
a
M n As1 f y d As f y d d
2
189.9
1232 420610 65 10 806.72kN .m
6
M n 0.92840 420 610
2
Ex.2)
Determine the design moment capacity of the beam section shown below. Use
f c 28MPa and f y 420MPa . 65 mm
2 Ø 22
680 mm
Sol.) 545 mm
As 4 707 2828mm 2
As 2 380 760mm 2
4 Ø 30
Find the location of the N.A ;
c d
As f y 0.85 f c1cb As 0.003Es
c 350 mm
c 65
2828 420 0.85280.85c350 760 0.003 200,000
c
1187760c 7080.57c 2 456000c 29640000
7080.5c 2 731760c 29640000 0
c 2 103.35c 4186.15 0
103.35 103.352 44186.15 103.35 165.61
c 134.48mm
2 2
a 1c 0.85134.48 114.3mm
Check the yielding of compression steel;
c d 134.48 65 420
s 0.003 0.003 0.00155 y 0.0021
c 134.48 200000
Compression steel is not yield and ;
c d
f s 0.003Es 0.00155 200000 310MPa
c
f 310
As 2 s As 760 561mm 2
fy 420
As1 As As 2 2828 561 2267mm 2
Check section ductility;
76
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.9 Strength Design Method
Sufficient tensile steel can be placed in most beams and bigger section can be used
so that compression steel is not needed. But, if section dimensions is restricted and
the required steel area exceeded the maximum steel ratio max , then compression
steel should be used.
Design Procedure:
77
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.9 Strength Design Method
7- As As1 As 2
Design Examples:
Ex.3)
A beam is limited to the dimensions shown below. If M u 1225kN.m , determine
the required steel area. Use f c 21MPa and f y 420MPa .
Sol.)
0.851 f c 0.003
max 0.0135 70 mm
f 0.003 0. 005
y
Mu 1225 106
Ru 7.94
bd 2 0.9 3507002 700 mm
fy 420
23.53
0.85 f c 0.8521
1 2R
1 1 u
fy
350 mm
1 2 7.94 23.53
1 1 0.0284 max 0.0135
23.53 420
78
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.9 Strength Design Method
c d 261.55 70 fy 420
s 0.003 0.003 0.0022 y 0.0021
c 261.55 Es 200000
70 mm
compression steel yields.
2 Ø 30
M u2 489.3 106
As As 2 2054mm 2
f y d d 0.9 420700 70
700 mm
Use 3Ø30 As 3707 2121mm 2
As As1 As 2 3307 2054 5361mm 2 8Ø 30
Use 8Ø30 As 8707 5656mm 2
350 mm
Ex.4)
Design a rectangular beam with maximum permissible dimensions shown in the
Figure below for M D 230kN.m and M L 305kN.m . Use f c 28MPa and
f y 420MPa .
100 mm
500 mm
Sol.)
M u 1.2230 1.6305 764kN.m
375 mm
0.851 f c 0.003
max 0.0181
f 0.003 0.005
y
420
M u ) max . 0.9 0.0181 420 3755002 1 0.59 0.0181 6
10 538.7kN .m
28
M u 764kN.m M u ) max 538.7kN.m
M u2 225.3 106
As 2230mm 2
f sd d 0.9 280.68500 100
Use 6Ø22 As 6380 2280mm 2
f 280.68 100 mm
As 2 s As 2230 1490mm 2
fy 420
As As1 As 2 3394 1490 4884mm 2 6 Ø 22
8Ø 28
375 mm
80
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm