Analysis & Design of

Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.7 Strength Design Method

Strength Design Method

Analysis & Design of Rectangular Section Beams.

Ex.7)
Design a simply supported rectangular beam with a span of 10 m and carrying a
dead load of 20 kN/m (not including beam self weight) and service live load of 30
kN/m . Use   0.014 , b = 500 mm , f c  21MPa and f y  420MPa .
D = 30 kN/m & L =30 kN/m

10 m
Sol.)
Assume that the beam self weight is 10 kN/m.
 D  20  10  30kN / m
wu  1.2D  1.6L  1.230  1.630  84kN / m
wu l 2 84102
Mu    1050kN .m
8 8
 f y 
 M u  f y bd 2 1  0.59 
 f c 
 0.014  420 
1050  106  0.9  0.014  420bd 2 1  0.59 
 21 
bd  237676927mm
2 3

 b = 500 mm  d = 690 mm
 h = 690 + 90 = 780mm.
Beam self weight = s.w  b  h  wc  0.5  0.78  24  9.36kN / m  10kN / m
 Assumed s.w is OK.
As  bd  0.014  500  690  4830mm 2
 Use 8 Ø 28.
As, prov.  8616  4928mm 2  As, req .  4830mm 2 800 707
mm mm
Check bar spacing for one raw bars;
8Ø28
500  2  40  2  12  8  28
S  24.6  d b  28mm
7
 Not Good, Use two rows.
h = 690 + 40 + 12 + 28 + 25/2 = 783 mm 500 mm
 Use h = 800 mm
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Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.7 Strength Design Method

 d = 800 - 40 - 12 - 28 - 25/2 = 707 mm

Check tensile strain:

As f y 4928  420
a   231.9mm
0.85 f cb 0.85  21  500
28
d t  800  40  12   734mm
2
a 231.9
c   272.8mm
1 0.85
d c
t  0.003  734  272.8 0.003  0.0051  0.005
c 272.8
   0.9
Check Section:
 a  231.9 
M n  As f y  d    0.94928420 707    1101kN  m  M u  1050kN  m
 2   2 
 Section is OK.

Check deflection requirements:

From ACI Table 9.5.a, the minimum permissible beam thickness for simply
supported beam is:
l 10000
h   625mm
16 16
havailable  800mm  hrequired  625mm
 Section is OK.

Ex.8)
L= 50 kN
Design the cantilever beam shown below. D=6 kN/m
1 L=10 kN/m
Use    b , b = 300 mm ,
2
f c  28MPa and f y  420MPa .
3.0 m 3.0 m
Sol.)
wu  1.2D  1.6L  1.26  1.610  23.2kN / m 6.0 m

Pu  1.6L  1.650  80kN

wu l 2 23.262
Mu    Pu  3    803  657.6kN .m
2 2
 0.851 f c  600   0.85  0.85  28  600 
 b    
    0.0283
   
y     
 f y  600 f 420  600 420
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Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.7 Strength Design Method

1 0.0283
  b   0.0142
2 2
 f y 
 M u  f y bd 2 1  0.59 
 f 
c 
 0.0142  420 
657.6  106  0.9  0.0142  420bd 2 1  0.59 
 28 
bd  140121985mm
2 3

 b = 300 mm  d = 683 mm say d = 690mm.

 h = 690 + 90 = 780mm.

Check beam thickness for deflection requirements:

From ACI Table 9.5.a, the minimum permissible beam thickness for cantilever
beam is:
l 6000
h   750mm < havailable  780mm  Section is OK.
8 8
As  bd  0.0142  300  690  2939mm 2
 Use 6 Ø 25.
As, prov.  6491  2946mm 2  As, req .  2939mm 2
Check bar spacing for one raw bars;
300  2  40  2  12  6  25
S  9.2mm  25mm Not Good
5
 Use two rows.

Check tensile strain:

As f y 2946  420 6Ø25
a   173.3mm 780
0.85 f cb 0.85  28  300 mm 690
25 mm
d t  780  40  12   715mm
2
a 173.3
c   203.9mm
1 0.85
d c
0.003  715  203.9 0.003  0.0075  0.005
300 mm
t 
c 203.9
   0.9

Check Section:

58
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.7 Strength Design Method

 a  173.3 
M n  As f y  d    0.92946420 690    671.9kN  m
 2  2 
M n  671.9kN  m  M u  657.6kN  m
 Section is OK.

Ex.9)
f c
Design the overhanging beam shown below. Use   0.18 , b = 400 mm
fy
, f c  28MPa and f y  420MPa .
D = 30 kN/m & L =20 kN/m

3m 12 m 3m

Sol.)
wu  1.2D  1.6L  1.230  1.620  68kN / m

6818 Wu = 68 kN/m
R  612kN
2

1- Mid span section: 612 kN

612 kN
M  918kN .m 408 kN
f 28
  0.18 c  0.18  0.012 204 kN
fy 420
 f y 
 M u  f y bd 2 1  0.59  918 kN.m
 f c  -204 kN
-408 kN
+
_ _

306 kN.m 306 kN.m

 0.012  420 
918  106  0.9  0.012  420bd 2 1  0.59 
 28 
bd 2  226427559mm3
 b = 400 mm  d = 752 mm say d = 760mm.
 h = 760 + 90 = 850mm.
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Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.7 Strength Design Method

Check beam thickness for deflection requirements:

From ACI Table 9.5.a, the minimum permissible beam thickness for both end
continuous beam is:
l 12000
h   571mm < havailable  850mm
21 21
And for cantilever portion is:
l 3000
h   375mm < havailable  850mm  Section is OK.
8 8

As  bd  0.012  400  760  3648mm 2

 Use 6 Ø 28 mm
As, prov.  6616  3696mm 2  As, req .  3648mm 2

Check bar spacing for one raw bars;

400  2  40  2  12  6  28
S  25.6mm  d b  28mm Not Good
5
 Use two rows.

Check tensile strain:

As f y 3696  420
a   163mm
0.85 f cb 0.85  28  400
28
d t  850  40  12   784mm
2
a 163
c   191.8mm
1 0.85
d c
t  0.003  784  191.8 0.003  0.0093  0.005
c 191.8
   0.9

Check Section:
 a  163 
M n  As f y  d    0.93696420 760    948kN  m  M u  918kN  m 
 2  2 
Section is OK.

2- Section at support:

M  306kN .m
Assume using  25 bars  d = 850 – 40 – 12 -25/2 = 785 mm

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Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.7 Strength Design Method

fy 420
   17.65
0.85 f c 0.85  28
Mu 306  106
Rn    1.38
0.9  4007852
bd 2
1  2 Rn   1  2  1.38  17.65 
  1 1  1  1    0.0034
  f y  17.65  420 

Check steel percentage for ACI requirements.

1.4 1.4
   min    0.0033
f y 420
As  bd  0.0034  400  785  1068mm 2
 Use 2 Ø 25 + 1 Ø 16
As, prov.  2491  201  1183mm 2  As, req .  1068mm 2
Check Section:
As f y 1183  420
a   52.2mm
0.85 f cb 0.85  28  400
 a  52.2 
M n  As f y  d    0.91183420 785    339.3kN  m  M u  306kN  m
 2  2 
 Section is OK.

2Ø25
760 +
850 mm 850 1Ø16
mm mm 785
6Ø28 mm

400 mm 400 mm

Mid span Section Support Section

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Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.7 Strength Design Method

Strength Design Method in British Units

Compressive strength of concrete and yield strength of steel bars:

f c fy
British units SI units British units SI units
2500 psi = 2.5 ksi 17 MPa Grade 40 ksi 300 MPa
3000 psi = 3 ksi 21 MPa Grade 50 ksi 350 MPa
4000 psi = 4 ksi 28 MPa Grade 60 ksi 420 MPa
5000 psi = 5 ksi 35 MPa Grade 75 ksi 520 MPa
Es  29000ksi Es  200000MPa

ACI equations:
1  0.85 for f c  4000Psi
 f   4000 
1  0.85   c 0.05  0.65 for f c  4000Psi
 1000 
3 f c 200
 min    min 
fy fy
f c  87,000 

 b  0.851 f y in ( psi )
f y  87,000  f y 

Example:

Determine the moment capacity of the beam section shown below,

f c  4000 psi and f y  60,000 psi .

15''
Sol.)
18''
  9 2  3#9
As  3 8 
 3in 2
 4 
 
200 200 10''
 min    0.0033
f y 60,000

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Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm
Analysis & Design of
Reinforced Concrete Structures (1) Lecture.7 Strength Design Method

 0.851 f c  0.003  0.85  0.85  4  3 

 max        0.0181
 f  0 . 003  0. 005  60 8
 y 
A 1848 200
 s   0.02   min   0.0033
bd 250  375 60,000
But also >  max  0.0181 for  t  0.005

Check maximum steel percentage for  t  0.004 .

 0.851 f c  0.003  0.85  0.85  4  3 
 max        0.0206
 f   0.003  0.004  60 7
 y 
   0.02   max  0.0206
As f y 360000
a    5.29in.
0.85 f cb 0.85400010
1  0.85 for f c  4000 psi
a 5.29
c   6.22in.
1 0.85
Check tensile strain:
d c  0.005
t  0.003  15  6.22 0.003  0.00423  Beam is in transition
c 6.22  0.004
zone and
 250 
  0.65  0.00423  0.002   0.836
 3 
 a  5.29 
M n  As f y  d    3  6015    2223.9k  in  185.3k  ft
 2  2 
M n  0.836185.3  154.9k  ft

63
Dr. Muthanna Adil Najm