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• Wall Stiffness
• Assume same value as
columns (0.7*I gross)
• If M > Mcrack then reduce
stiffness to 0.35*Igross
P-d is the
curvature effect
P-d is ignored in
most cases
Analysis Requirements
of the 2006 IBC
Moment = PΔo
Vi = PΔo / H
θ = Vi / Vo
θ = PΔo/ (H Vo)
Analysis Requirements
of the 2006 IBC
Case 2
Analysis Requirements
of the 2006 IBC
One Joint
Three Joints
Analysis Requirements
of the 2006 IBC
3.00
Amplification Factor, Yma
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Axial Force Normalized by Euler Buckling Load, P/Pe
3.00
Amplification Factor, Mma
2.50
2.00
1.50
1.00
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Axial Force Normalized by Euler Buckling Load, P/Pe
In Review:
• Linear Elastic Materials
– Materials are NOT elastic
– AISC and ACI correct for this by using
adjusted elastic properties (EI or EA)
• 1st Order Analysis
– Lateral Stiffness can be significantly affected
by deflection for moment frames
– Normally corrected by using a P-Big Delta or
2nd Order analysis. This can be easily verified
by hand calculations.
– P-Little Delta is usually ignored (ASCE, ACI,
and even AISC) except for very slender
elements.
Analysis Requirements
of the 2006 IBC
ACI 318, Building Code Requirements and
References: Commentary, 2005
AISC 360, Specification for Structural Steel Buildings,
2005
AISC, Seismic Design Manual, 1st Edition, 2006
ASCE-7, Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and
Other Structures, 2005
FEMA 450, NEHRP, 2003
Griffis and White, Stability Design of Steel Buildings,
AISC Design Guide (unpublished)
Naeim, Design for Drift and Lateral Stability, Seismic
Design Hanbook, 2nd Edition, 2001
SEAOC, Recommended Lateral Force Requirements
and Commentary, 7th Edition, 1999
Josh Plummer, S.E.
(949) 951-5815
joshp@risatech.com