Word classes

NOUN :

1. A noun is a word that identifies:

 A person (woman, boy, doctor, neighbour)
 A thing (dog, building, tree, country)
 An idea, quality, or state (truth, danger, birth, happiness).

(https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/word-classes/nouns)

2. A noun is a word which is used to:

 Denote a person (traffic warden, woman, Prime Minister, pianistetc.)
 A concrete or abstract entity (binoculars, fork, field, truth, incoherence etc.)
 A place (office, garden, railway station).

These are all common nouns; there are also proper nounswhich are the names of a specific
person, place, event etc., usually starting with a capital letter, for example, York , John,
Christmas, Saturday.

(https://www.tesol-direct.com/tesol-resources/english-grammar-guide/word-classes/)

3. A very common definition of a noun is to say that it is a word to name a person, place, thing
or idea. So uncle, London, tree and confusion would be examples of nouns fulfilling this
definition.

However, in modern linguistics it is thought to be more helpful to think of the noun in terms
of its syntactical function in the sentence. So a noun can be described as being likely to
exhibit one or more of the following features:
 They can have a plural form: table/tables; tree/trees (but not London/Londons)
 They can be the subject of a sentence: The tree had fallen across the road.
 They can be at the head of a noun phrase: my kind,eccentric uncle.

(http://www.cybergrammar.co.uk/word_classes_nouns.php)

4. There are a lot of definitions for "noun," from the simple list to the complex linguistic
explanation, but the best way to explain what it is to discuss what a noun does.
 Nouns are described by adjectives. If something is described as being blue, old, shiny, hot,
or wonderful (all adjectives), it's probably a noun.
  Nouns act as subjects. Generally, the subject of a sentence is the thing that comes right
before the verb. When you say, "The dingo ate my baby," the subject is "the dingo." It
comes right before the verb (ate). Subjects are a little tricky because they can consist of
just one word or a long phrase that contains several nouns. Gerunds and infinitive verbs
can also act as the subjects of a sentence, but in that role, they are serving as nouns. Why?
Because nouns act as subjects.
 They are names. All names of all things (people, cities, towns, counties, states, countries,
buildings, monuments, rivers, mountains, lakes, oceans, streams, natural disasters, books,
plays, magazines, articles, songs, works of art, etc.) are nouns.

Not all nouns do all of these things all of the time, and not all the words that do these
things are nouns, but by and large, if it looks like a noun and acts like a noun, it's
probably a noun.

( https://grammar.yourdictionary.com/parts-of-speech/nouns/what-is-a-noun.html)

5. The simplest definition of a noun is a thing and nouns are the basic building blocks of
sentences. These things can represent a person, animal, place, idea, emotion – almost
any thing that you can think of. Dog, Sam, we, love,
phone, Chicago, courage and spaceship are all nouns.

Noun examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification :
 The boy and girl were holding hands as they crossed the bridge to on the way to town.
 I love watching my cat play with the pink yarn.
 It is raining! Everyone, grab your umbrella and rain hat and watch out for the puddles!

(https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/nouns/)

6. A noun is a word that names something: either a person, place, or thing. In a sentence, nouns
can play the role of subject, direct object, indirect object, subject complement, object
complement, appositive, or adjective.

(https://www.grammarly.com/blog/nouns/)

VERB :

1. A verb describes what a person or thing does or what happens. For example, verbs describe:
 an action – run, hit, travel
 an event – rain, occur
 a situation – be, seem, have
  a change – become, grow, develop

The basic form of a verb is known as the infinitive. It’s often preceded by the word ‘to’:

 Molly decided to follow him.

 He began to run back.

(https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/word-classes/verbs)

2. TA group of words cannot be described as a sentence or a clause unless at least one of the
words is a verb. In some ways, we can describe it as the most important part of speech
because it is the ‘action’ word that tells the listener or reader what is happening in the
sentence.
Verbs can be ‘action’ words like run, initiate, judge, throw, but they can also denote less
active notions and have more to do with mental processes and perceptions, like see, know,
think and so on.

(https://www.tesol-direct.com/tesol-resources/english-grammar-guide/word-classes/)

3. Verbs are a necessary component of all sentences. Verbs have two important functions: Some
verbs put stalled subjects into motion while other verbs help to clarify the subjects in
meaningful ways. Look at the examples below:
 My grumpy old English teacher smiled at the plate of cold meatloaf.
 The curious toddler popped a grasshopper into her mouth.
 Francisco's comic book collection is worth $20,000.00.

(http://www.chompchomp.com/terms/verb.htm)

4. Verbs are the action words in a sentence that describe what the subject is doing. Along with
nouns, verbs are the main part of a sentence or phrase, telling a story about what is taking
place. In fact, without a verb, full thoughts can’t be properly conveyed, and even the simplest
sentences, such as Maria sings, have one. Actually, a verb can be a sentence by itself, with the
subject, in most case you, implied, such as, Sing! and Drive!

(https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/verbs/)

5. A verb can be considered as one of the most important parts of a sentence. You probably
already know that a sentence must be composed of a subject and a predicate, so what makes a
verb so important? Well, the verb is the main component of a predicate. Without it, there
won’t be a sentence, just a bunch of words with an incomplete thought. Simply defined, the
verb is a part of speech which is used to demonstrate an action or a state of being.
(http://partofspeech.org/verb/)

ADJECTIVE :

1. An adjective is a word that describes a noun, giving extra information about it. For example:
 A sweet taste
 A red apple
 A technical problem
 An Italian woman

(https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/word-classes/adjectives)

2. An adjective gives the reader or speaker extra information about a noun or delimits it in some
way. It can occur in two positions in a phrase:
 Before the noun as in clear water, beautiful beaches, a terrible decision. The adjectives in
these examples are said to be attributive.
 Following any form of the verb be (e.g. am, is, was, been) and similar verbs (seem,
appear,become) as in the water became clear, the beaches are beautiful. These adjectives
are inpredicative position.

(https://www.tesol-direct.com/tesol-resources/english-grammar-guide/word-classes/)

3. Adjectives are describing words, such as blue, angry, cold, dry and hard. Technically, an
adjective is described as modifying or quantifying a noun or pronoun, but an easier way to
look at the definition of adjectives is that an adjective tells us more and gives us extra
information about something. For example :
 Jason gave me a piercing look before he shut the open
 The Titanic was a great movie, but it was long and sad!
 Lauren has excellent managerial skills and is a superb listener.

(https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/adjectives/lists-of-adjectives/)

4. Adjectives are words that describe the qualities or states of being of nouns: enormous, doglike,
silly, yellow, fun, fast. They can also describe the quantity of nouns: many, few, millions,
eleven.

Adjectives Modify Nouns

Most learns that adjectives are words that modify (describe) nouns. Adjectives do not modify
verbs or adverbs or other adjectives.
  Margot wore a beautiful hat to the pie-eating contest.
 Furry dogs may overheat in the summertime.
 My cake should have sixteen candles.
 The scariest villain of all time is Darth Vader.

(https://www.grammarly.com/blog/adjective/)

5. Adjectives are words that describe or modify another person or thing in the sentence.
 the tall professor
 the lugubrious lieutenant
 a solid commitment
 a month's pay
 a six-year-old child
 the unhappiest, richest man

(https://guidetogrammar.org/grammar/adjectives.htm)

ADVERBS :

1. An adverb is a word that’s used to give information about a verb, adjective, or other adverb:
 they sang loudly
 she’s very pretty
 he writes really well

(https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/grammar/word-classes/adverbs)

2. The traditional approach to adverbs has been to assign mainly those words which are made
from adjectives by the addition of the ending –ly (quickly, hopelessly), plus certain other
words which are difficult to classify, like not, just and soon. Their main function is to qualify
the action of the verb in the clause in some way, but they can also be used to add more
information to an adjective or other adverb e.g. awfully good, incredibly slowly. The class of
adverbs is very wide-ranging in form and is used to add comments to many of the other word
classes.

(https://www.tesol-direct.com/tesol-resources/english-grammar-guide/word-classes/)

3. An adverb is a word that modifies (describes) a verb (he sings loudly), an adjective (very tall),
another adverb (ended too quickly), or even a whole sentence (Fortunately, I had brought an
 umbrella). Adverbs often end in -ly, but some (such as fast) look exactly the same as their
adjective counterparts.
 Tom Longboat did not run badly.
 Tom is very tall.
 The race finished too quickly.
 Fortunately, Lucy recorded Tom’s win.

(https://www.grammarly.com/blog/adverb/)

4. An adverb is a word that is used to change, modify or qualify several types of words
including an adjective, a verb, a clause, another adverb, or any other type of word or phrase,
with the exception of determiners and adjectives, that directly modify nouns. A good way to
understand adverbs is to think about them as the words that provide context. Specifically,
adverbs provide a description of how, where, when, in what manner and to what extent
something is done or happens. Normally, we can spot an adverb by the fact that it often ends
in –ly, but there are lots of adverbs that don’t end in this way. Moreover, adverbs can be used
in many combinations with each other.

(https://www.gingersoftware.com/content/grammar-rules/adverb/)

5. Adverbs are words that modify :

 a verb (He drove slowly. — How did he drive?)
 an adjective (He drove a very fast car. — How fast was his car?)
 another adverb (She moved quite slowly down the aisle. — How slowly did she move?)

(http://guidetogrammar.org/grammar/adverbs.htm)

6. Adverbs are a very broad collection of words that may describe how, where, or when an
action took place. They may also express the viewpoint of the speaker about the action, the
intensity of an adjective or another adverb, or several other functions. Use these pages about
the grammar of adverbs in English to become more precise and more descriptive in your
speaking and writing.

(https://www.ef.com/wwen/english-resources/english-grammar/adverbs/)