Pump 

Bioprocess Engineering 2019 

 
● Piston pump 

 
○ Suction stroke: the plunger retracts and suction valves open, causing suction of fluid 
○ Forward stroke: the plunger pushes the liquid out 
○ Piston Pump Capacity 
■ Q = A L N; A = area of piston; L = stroke length (space masksimu piston 
melebar); N = jumlah cycle per menit (1 Hz = 1 s in 1 cycle) 
● Centrifugal Pump 

 
○ Use rotating impeller 
○ Allows the atmospheric pressure to push the water up 
○ The impeller turn forces the water out and create a partial vacuum 
○ Bernoulli equation of flow through impeller 

 
■ 1 → 2 Impeller: action of rotating impeller increase fluid velocity or kinetic 
energy 

■ ;  
  
■ 2 → 3 Diffuser: convert kinetic energy to pressure 

■  

■  
● Pump performance Curve 

● Capacity:  

● Head:  
● Fluid House Power (output): 

● Brake House Power (input):  

● Best Efficiency Point (BEP): the capacity at which the efficiency is highest 
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● Affinity Laws for Pump 
○ Capacity proportional to impeller speed and/or impeller diameter 

 
○ Head proportional to the square of speed and diameter 

 
○ Power proportional to the cube of speed and diameter (as does NPSH) 

 
● Pump-Priming 
○ Filling the pump case entirely full with fluid for starting the pump 
● Suction Lift 
○ A vertical distance from the surface of water to centerline of pump impeller 

○ ; untuk fluida = 34 ft = 10 m 
○ Max if  
● Discharge Head 
○ A vertical distance from the centerline of the impeller to point of discharge 
● Hydraulic Loss 
○ Is loss due to pipe wall friction, elbow, design, joints, gate valves, sudden reduction 
or enlargement of pipe size 
● Total Dynamic Head (TDH) 
○ Sum of suction head, discharged head, hydraulic head losses and the velocity head