CHAPTER IV

ANALYSIS, DESIGN AND CALCULATION OF BRIDGE COMPONENTS

1. Loading Considered for traffic flows

Calculations for Truck loading using HL-93

CL

TRUCK LOAD R = 325 KN

145 KN 145 KN 35 KN
9.1 m 4.27 m
3.6 m

LOAD A C D E B
2.7 m
11.8 m
16.07 m
20 m

3.93 m

191.75

46.75

SHEAR

98.25

133.25

max. 943.16

517.73 523.63

MOMENT
∑ 𝑀𝑎 = 0

𝐵𝑣 (20) = 145(2.7) + 145(11.8) + 35(16.07)

145(2.7) + 145(11.8) + 35(16.07)

𝐵𝑣 =
20

𝐵𝑣 = 133.25 𝐾𝑁

∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0

𝐴𝑣 = 325 − 133.25

𝐴𝑣 = 191.75 𝐾𝑁

Shear

𝐴𝑣 = 191.75 𝐾𝑁

𝐴𝐶 = 191.75 − 145 = 46.75 𝐾𝑁

𝐶𝐷 = 46.75 𝐾𝑁 − 145 = −98.25 𝐾𝑁

𝐷𝐸 = −98.25 𝐾𝑁 − 35 = −133.25 𝐾𝑁

MOMENT

𝐴𝐶 = 191.75(2.7) = 517.73 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀

𝐶𝐷 = 517.73 + 46.75(9.1) = 943.16 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀 (𝑀𝑇𝑅𝑈𝐶𝐾)

𝐷𝐸 = 943.16 − 98.25(4.27) = 523.63 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀

𝐸𝐵 = 523.63 − 133.25(3.93) = 0
TANDEM LOADING CALCULATION:

CL

TANDEM LOAD
R

108 KN 108 KN

A C D B
9.09 m
10.31 m 9.7 m

20 m

111.24

3.24

104.76

max.1015.12
1011.17
∑ 𝑀𝑎 = 0

𝐵𝑣 (20) = 108(9.09) + 108(10.31)

108(9.09) + 108(10.31)
𝐵𝑣 =
20

𝐵𝑣 = 104.76 𝐾𝑁

∑ 𝐹𝑣 = 0

𝐴𝑣 = 108(2) − 104.76

𝐴𝑣 = 111.24 𝐾𝑁

Shear

𝐴𝑣 = 111.24 𝐾𝑁

𝐴𝐶 = 111.24 − 108 = 3.24 𝐾𝑁

𝐶𝐷 = 3.24 𝐾𝑁 − 108 = −104.76 𝐾𝑁

𝐷𝐵 = −104.76 + 104.76 = 0

Moment

𝐴𝐶 = 111.24(9.09) = 1011.17 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀

𝐶𝐷 = 1011.17 + 3.245(1.22) = 1015.12 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀 (𝑇𝐴𝑁𝐷𝐸𝑀)

𝐷𝐵 = 1015.12 − 104.76(9.7) = 0
LANE LOADING:

𝑊𝐿 = 9.34 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑀

(𝑊𝐿 )(𝐿)2
𝑀𝐿 =
8

(9.34)(20)2
𝑀𝐿 =
8

𝑀𝐿 = 467 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀

LIVE LOAD MOMENT (STRENGTH I LIMIT STATE)

IMPACT FACTOR DYNAMIC LOAD ALLOWANCE

IM=1.33

LIVE LOAD MOMENT (STRENGTH I LIMIT STATES)

𝑀 = 𝑀𝐴𝑋(𝑀𝑇𝐿 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑀𝑇 )

𝑀 = 1015.12 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀

𝑀𝐿𝐿 = 1015.12(1.33) + 467

𝑀𝐿𝐿 = 1817.11 𝐾𝑁. 𝑀

DESIGN OF CROSS BEAM DUE TO SYMMETRICAL LOADING

−17.93(0.5) = −8.97

−8.97 + 241.82 = 232.85

232.85 − 17.93(3.15) = 176.37

176.37 − 145 = 31.37

−31.37 − 17.39(3.5) = −31.37

−31.39 − 145 = −176.37

−176.37 − 17.93(3.15) = −232.85

−232.87 + 241.82 = 8.97

8.97 − 17.93(0.5) = 𝑂

Asphalt thickness = 4” or 100 mm