ENME02

MECANICA II

Unit 2: Técnicas de Comprensión de Lectura

Aplicadas al Inglés Especializado.

Page 1 | ENME02 Workbook

Unit 2: Técnicas de Comprensión de Lectura
Aplicadas al Inglés Especializado.

APRENDIZAJE ESPERADO CRITERIOS DE EVALUACION

2.1.- Aplica técnicas de comprensión de lectura de textos
de la especialidad del idioma inglés,a fin de localizar
ideas principales y secundarias.
2.1.1 Identifica sufijos y prefijos, a fin de comprender la
información específica en el texto de la especialidad.
2.1.2 Diferencia significado de las preposiciones inglesas, a
fin de comprender las frases preposicionales del
texto especializado de la especialidad.
2.1.3 Clasifica ideas principales e ideas secundarias en el
texto especializado de la especialidad, según
estrategias de skimming y scanning.

Localizaciones en Descripciones De Maquinaria.

Contenido Léxico De La Preposición Inglesa
Formación De Nuevas Palabras Mediante Sufijos Y
Prefijos Ingleses.
Contents Secuenciadores : first, second, next, finally.
Uso de puntuación y grafía textual

Page 2 | ENME02 Workbook

Prepositions of place

EXERCISE 37 Match the words with the numbers:

Example: (a) on the left – picture 4.

(a) On the left of the wall (e) on the right of the wall

(b) At the top of the wall (f) to the right of the window

(c) Above the window (g) at the bottom of the wall

(d) To the left of the window (h) below the window

EXERCISE 38 Read the text. Underline the prepositions. How many prepositions are in this text?

Passenger planes can fly forwards, and can turn to the left and to the right. But they cannot
fly backwards or sideways. They can fly diagonally up and down, but they cannot fly straight
up or straight down. Helicopters can fly forwards, straight up and down, sideways and
backwards. Planes and helicopters can both rotate. Planes and helicopters can rotate on
their horizontal axis. Helicopters can also rotate on their vertical axis.

EXERCISE 39 Work in pairs. Which directions can planes and helicopters fly? Tick the boxes.

Direction Plane Helicopter

Forwards

Backwards

Up and down

Sideways

Page 3 | ENME02 Workbook

Prepositions in technical context
EXERCISE 40 Do you know where are the parts under the hood ? Circle the correct preposition.

1. The sump is below / above the engine block

2. The steering wheel is up / above the steering column.
3. The suspension arms are in / below the engine.
4. The dipstick is next to / between the engine.
5. The crankshaft is in / on the engine block.
6. The exhaust pipe is under / between the body.
7. The cylinder head is between / next to the intake manifold and the exhaust manifold.
8. The starter motor is next to / among the engine block.
9. The differential is between / across the rear wheels.
10. The fuel tank is above / under the rear seat.
11. The engine is under / below the hood.

Page 4 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 41 Traduzca COMPLETO este ejercicio de términos pareados en Inglés.

Según los datos que usted obtuvo en la traducción de términos pareados, indique el sistema al
que pertenecen estas piezas.

a) Braking system

b) Power train

c) Cooling System

d) Hydraulics

e) Steering and suspension system

f) Engine

g) Lubrication System

Page 5 | ENME02 Workbook

Manual transmission
EXERCISE 42 Read the instruction manual. Write the letters (A –J) next to the names of the
controls

The diagram shows the controls of a manual, right-hand drive car. On the left of the driver’s
seat is the gear lever (1) ________ . There are five forward gears and a reverse gear. The car is
always started in ‘neutral’ with the handbrake on. The handbrake (parking brake) (2) ________
is on the floor to the left of the driver. On the floor, there are three foot – pedals; the left –hand
pedal is the clutch (3) ________, the centre pedal is the footbrake (4) ________, and the right –
hand pedal is the accelerator (5)________.

On the left of the steering wheel (6) ________ there is a lever (7) ________. This operates the
indicator lights and the headlight beam.
On the right of the steering wheel there is another lever (8) ________. This controls the front
and the rear windscreen wipers (9) ________and, the front and the rear windscreen washers (10)
________.

See p.
108

Page 6 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 43 Write intructions for the controls in exercise 42. Make full sentences from these
notes. Use when and you, and add the and punctuation.

Example:

1 push direction indicator up ◊ right – hand indicator lights flash

W

When you push the direction indicator up, the right hand indicator lights flash.

Coma Artículo “The” Punto Aparte

2 push the direction indicator down ◊ left-hand indicator lights flash

______________________________________________________________________

3 pull left-hand lever towards you ◊ headlights flash once

______________________________________________________________________

4 push right – hand lever up into first position ◊ wipers operate at long or short intervals
______________________________________________________________________

5 push right-hand lever up into second position ◊ wipers operate at normal speed
______________________________________________________________________

6 push right –hand lever up into third position ◊ wipers operate very fast
______________________________________________________________________

7 pull right-hand lever towards steering wheel ◊ front windscreen washers work
______________________________________________________________________

8 push right – hand lever away from steering wheel ◊ rear windscreen washers work
______________________________________________________________________

Page 7 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 44 Match the operating instructions with their diagrams.

a) Pull the Bonnet release handle._____ e) Turn the key to right . ______

b) Press the brake pedal.______ f) Push the gear lever to the left and up._____
c) Slide the light switch to the left. _____ g) Push the fuel tank release button._____

d) Push the lever away from the steering wheel. h) Pull the main beam lever towards the
(main headlight beam)_____ steering wheel. (dipped headlight beam)
________

EXERCISE 45 Complete the instructions for checking and topping up the engine oil. Use some of
the verbs more than once.

add / check / pour / pull / push / screw / top up / unscrew / wipe

A) Checking the oil level

The vehicle must be on a level surface when you (1) __check___the oil.
(2) ________________the dipstick out and
(3) ________________it with a clean cloth.
(4) ________________ the dipstick in.
Then (5) ________________the dipstick out
again and (6) ________________the oil level.
If the oil level is in area A, you can (7)
________________ more oil. If the oil level is
in area B, you must (8) ________________the engine oil.
B) Topping up the engine oil
(9) ________________the oil filler cap. (10) ________________ in some oil. (11)
________________the oil level again, using the dipstick. (12) ________________ on
the oil filler cap and (13) ________________ it down. (14) ________________ down the
oil dipstick fully.

Page 8 | ENME02 Workbook

Gears
EXERCISE 46 Underline the correct answers. Can or can’t?
1 When the car is lifted up by the jack, you can/can’t drive it.

2 You can/can’t open the car door when the doors are unlocked.

3 When the car is in first gear, you can/can’t drive forwards.

4 When the car is in neutral, you can/can’t reverse.

5 When the steering wheel is locked, you can/can’t turn it.

6 You can/can’t see the dipstick when the bonnet is down.

7 When the filler cap is off, you can/can’t top up the engine oil.

¿Sabía usted que el cambio de marcha en primera se identifica también como cambio de baja y
el cambio de alta es equivalente a decir cambio en tercera. Traduzca la siguiente definición
tomada de la enciclopedia británica.

The arrangement of gears for low, or first, gear provides maximum power. The arrangement for second gear
serves for intermediate power. In high, or third, gear the main shaft turns at engine speed. In reverse the
idler reverses the direction in which the main shaft turns.

Page 9 | ENME02 Workbook

Bus manufacture
EXERCISE 47 Read the article. Write the correct headings above each section.

Body assembly line / Panel pressing / Bus chassis / Trim line /

Heading #
Paint shop / Final assembly line / / Delivery area

Bus manufacture
1 Bus chassis
The bottom part of the bus is manufactured outside the factory. It includes the chassis,
the wheels, the engine, and the driveline, which turn the rear wheels. It is delivered to
the bus factory by a driver, who sits in the open on a temporary seat bolted to the
chassis.

2 _________________________
Steel coils are delivered to the factory. These are lengths of sheet steel wound onto a
hollow core. From the delivery area they are taken to the panel – pressing part of the
factory.

3 _______________________________
The steel coils are unrolled in the panel – pressing shop. They are cut and pressed into
body panels. (1) Then some of the body panel are welded together.

4 ____________________________
The frame of the bus is welded together by robots on the body assembly line. Sheets
are welded to make the sides. Ribs are welded to the base to support the roof. The
front and rear ends of the bus are also assembled. (2)____________, the complete roof
is lowered onto the body and welded and riveted into place. (3)_____________, the
body is known as a “body in white.”

Page 10 | ENME02 Workbook

5_____________________________
(4) _________________painting, it is important to ensure that the body is clean, dry and
dust-free. So the body is sanded, then washed. In the paint-shop, the body is spray-
painted by the robots. The roof is painted white to reflect the heat of the sun. the
painted body is (5) _______________moved on two trolleys into the bake oven, where
the paint is dried at a temperature of 110°C. (6)__________________. The body is an
empty, painted shell, dry to the touch.

6 _______________________________
(7) _______________painting and baking, the body moves up to the trim line. Here the
floor covering is installed, the windows are put, and the lighting is installed. Insulation is
added to keep the bus warm in winter, (8) ___________________ it is on the trim line,
the floor, the floor level is raised. This makes it easier for workers to install high – level
fittings. (9) _________________, the floor is lowered again and the seats are bolted to
it. Seats make difficult to move around the interior. For this reason, they are installed
(10) _____________________.

7 ____________________________
(11) _________________, the bottom part of the bus, which was kept in the delivery
area, is brought to the final assembly line. Here the body of the bus is lowered onto
the chassis. Joints re sealed, and all the electrical and heating systems are connected
up. The windscreen, is installed (12) __________________. From here, the bus is driven
off the final assembly line. All electrical, heating, lighting and safety system are tested.
(13) ___________________, the bus is test driven on the highway

Mating the chassis with the body

Page 11 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 48 Answer the questions.

1. Which part of the bus is assembled in the factory? Which part is assembled outside?
2. Which items are installed on the trim line?
3. In which order are the five stages of preparation and painting carried out?

EXERCISE 49 Complete the text in EXERCISE19 with the linking words from the box.

At the same time / While / at this point / After / Before / Last of all / Finally / Finally /
Lastly / Then / next / At the end of this process / At the end of this stage

EXERCISE 50 Match the actions with their purposes. Refer to the text in 9

Actions Purposes

1 Steel sheets are welded together
2 The body is placed on two trolleys
3 The body is sanded before painting
4 Painting is done in a sealed room
5 The body is placed in a bake oven
6 The floor is raised
7 Insulation is placed inside the panels
8 Seats are installed last
a) to keep the bus warm in winter
b) to make it easier to walk around.
c) to make the floor.
d) to allow workers to fit the ceiling panels.
e) to move it around the factory.
f) to dry the paint.
g) to keep out the dust.
h) to allow the paint to stick to the body.

A bake oven

Page 12 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 51 Read this article.

Our new airside bus

The new model airside bus is designed to carry large numbers of passengers between
planes and terminal buildings. Four to six doors per bus, with a width of 1.35 m, allow
passengers to get on and off quickly and easily. The bus can be lowered by up to 70mm to
allow easy boarding.
All-round windows give a superb view. Electronic indicator boards, outside and inside,
keep passengers informed. The AC system allows heating or cooling, depending on local
conditions. A ramp allows wheelchair users and people with infant pushchairs to board the
bus.
In the driver’s cockpit, the instrument display helps the driver to move safely about the
airport. Outward-opening doors minimize risks to passengers. A rear-view camera allows
safe reversing.
Specification (depends on model): length: 11.9 – 14.7 m; width: 2.7 – 3.1 m; capacity: 80 /
95 / 116 / 136 passengers ( 5 – 6 seated)

A ra mp

A dri ver’s cockpi t

Page 13 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 52 Answer the questions about the web page above.

1 Why are the doors wider than usual?
2 Why are there more doors than usual?
3 Which three things are provided for
passenger comfort, enjoyment and
information?
4 Why is the bus floor lower than usual?
5 Why is a ramp provided?
6 Why do you think so few seats are
provided? ( 2 reasons)

Page 14 | ENME02 Workbook

Suffix - ly
EXERCISE 53 Look at this example.

One spark plug is slightly corroded.

The other is badly corroded.

Now describe each pair of objects in the same way.

Use the words below. Use one pair of words for each
picture.

approximately poorly badly

exactly well slightly

correctly half Too

incorrectly fully not
……..enough

a shaft calibrated poorly

a slot compressed badly
a tooth cracked (in)correctly
a groove labeled half
a scratch locked
a dent painted
a joint corroded
a thread covered

a pair of used
insulated
finished
fitted

Page 15 | ENME02 Workbook

Suffix –ed
EXERCISE 54 Make similar sentences, either like a) or like b), from these pictures .

a) The pulley fits onto the shaft.

b) The pulley is fitted onto the shaft.

Page 16 | ENME02 Workbook

 Phrases, Nouns, Prepositions
a filament a holder
Verbs a coil a loop
a washer a hook
a conductor a patch
connect an insulator a pulley
screw a mount a torch
line a contact a radio
fix a holder a pen
mix a terminal inside
a stand onto
the ceiling
LANGUAGE NOTE argon
Fit fitted tungsten
brass
Slot slotted
Plug plugged
Cap capped
Pin pinned A Cap
Clip clipped
Label labelled
BUT
Rivet riveted

A Cap

A Plug

Page 17 | ENME02 Workbook

Suffixes –er ; - est
EXERCISE 55 Match the diagrams with the descriptions of maximum dimensions .

1 The distance from the point of articulation at the front of a semitrailer to the furthest
projection must be inside a radius of 1.9 m.

2 The distance between the coupling pivot point on the drawbar of a dog trailer, and the centre
of the front single axle of the trailer, must not over 5 m.

3 A load on a vehicle must not project more than 1.2 m in front of a vehicle.

4 The distance from the point of articulation at the front of the trailer to a) the rear overhang
line must not over 9.5 m, and to b) the rear of the trailer must not over 12.3 m.

5 On a trailer carrying cars on more than one desk, the distance between the rear overhang line
and the rear of the rearmost car on the trailer must not exceed 4.9 m. A vehicle that is built to
carry cars on two or more decks must not be over 4.6 m high when laden.

6 A vehicle must not be more than 2.5 m wide. A load on a vehicle must not project more than
150 mm from the outermost part of either side of the vehicle.

Page 18 | ENME02 Workbook

Car comparison
EXERCISE 56 Check the survey summay about owner satisfaction. Which of the three SuperMini
cars has the best owners´comments?

Winton Seden Ransom

Perfomance Petrol – poor; Diesel-good Excellent Petrol-acceptable; Diesel-good
Fuel Acceptable Good Poor
economy
Ride Good Good Poor
comfort
Build quality Good Excellent Poor
Front/Rear Acceptable Excellent Poor
space
Reliability Acceptable Excellent Aceptable
Noise Petrol-good; Diesel – poor Excellent Petrol-poor; Diesel -acceptable

EXERCISE 57 Complete the dialogue about the cars above using the words in brackets.

A: I’m thinking of buying a Ransom because it’s (1 cheap)___the cheapest car of these
three.

B: Don’t ! It’s (2 bad)___________________of the three cars!. Its petrol engine is (3noisy)
_____________________ of the three. It has the (4 little)_________________________
space in the front and the rear. And it’s much (5
comfortable)_________________________to drive than the other two.
A: But I drove a Ransom a few days ago, one with a petrol engine. Its performance is (6
good)_________________________than the Winton’s.
B: But it’s still not very fast and it’s (7economical)______________________ than the
Seden. Have a look at the Seden. I think it’s (8 good)__________________ SuperMini on
the market. It’s got the (9 much)____________________space in the front and rear
seats. The build quality is (10 high)___________________ than the other ones. And the
owners in the survey say it’s (11 reliable)__________________ of the three.
A: I have never driven a Seden.
B: Then book a test drive! I think you will find the ride (12
comfortable)____________________than in the Ransom. And it’s not much (13
expensive)_________________________

Page 19 | ENME02 Workbook

TASK # 2: Write the meanings of these words and phrases in your own language.

Student : ______________________________Deadline:__________________________

NOUNS VERBS
Base ________________________ Assemble ________________________
Cockpit ________________________ Board ________________________
Coil ________________________ Bolt ________________________
Core ________________________ Ensure ________________________
Differential ________________________ Install ________________________
Driveline ________________________ Minimise ________________________
Insulation ________________________ Reflect ________________________
Interior ________________________ Rivet ________________________
Ramp ________________________ Sand ________________________
Rib ________________________ Seal ________________________
Shell ________________________ Support ________________________
Trolley ________________________ Unroll ________________________
Windscreen ________________________ Wind/wound ________________________
NOUN PHRASES ADJECTIVES
Assembly line ________________________ Hollow ________________________
Parking brake ________________________ comfortable ________________________

Page 20 | ENME02 Workbook

Engine comparison
Read the online article about these two types of engines.

Petrol engine versus diesel engine

An engine is a lump of metal which makes the vehicles go zoom. Major types of engines are petrol and
diesel. The engines required to run petrol and diesel are different because petrol and diesel are
different types of fuel. Petrol is a highly volatile fuel and gets ignited very easily whereas diesel is
comparatively heavy and dirtier fuel. We would be talking about 4 -stroke engines only, the ones used in
cars.

People who know me must be wondering why am I writing this article. I being a computer engineer.
Hmm, because, I am supposed to buy a car now and have been doing some research on them. The first
question I came upon was weather a petrol or a diesel car. And, all I want to do is to share all that I
have learned with you people. I am still unable to decide whether I should go for a Ford Fiesta diesel or
Ford Fiesta petrol, the petrol version being a lot cheaper than the diesel version.

Petrol Engine

Diesel Engine

Page 21 | ENME02 Workbook

Now read this article where both engines are compared. Which one is better?
Do you agree with this article? Why? Why not?

Petrol engines versus diesel engines.

Diesel engines have (1) longer / higher cylinder pressures than petrol engines. For this reason, the
components of diesel engines have to be (2) heavier / higher and stronger. The cylinder block is
usually made of cast iron, which is (3) greater / stronger than aluminium. It is strong enough to
withstand the forces generated by the pistons, crankshaft and other reciprocating components of the
diesel engine. Diesel engine pistons are also (4) higher / longer than petrol engine pistons because the
top of the cylinder (where the fuel burns) needs to be bigger.
Compared with a petrol engine of the same capacity, a diesel engine has several advantages:

1 The fuel economy is (5) greater / longer. This results from a compression ratio that is (6) heavier
/ higher in diesel engines than in petrol engines. This means that there is an improvement in
fuel efficiency of approximately 30%.
2 There is a reduced risk of fire. Because diesel oil is (7) lower / heavier at room temperatures, it
burns easily. In an accident, a spillage of diesel fuel is less likely to cause a fire than a spillage of
petrol.
However, there are some disadvantages with diesel engines.
1 The cost of manufacture is (8) higher / stronger. This is partly because the fuel injection system
is (9) more expensive / higher. In addition, the engine block is (10) greater / heavier and more
expensive too.
2 The maximum torque and power output are lower than for a petrol engine. Therefore, vehicles
with petrol engines usually have (11) longer / greater acceleration than vehicles with diesel
engines of a similar size.
3 Diesel engines have a lower power ratio: weight ratio. A heavier diesel engine produces (12)
lower / less power, while a lighter petrol engine produces (13) more / higher power.
4 The diesel engine is (14) noisier / more expensive, both inside and outside the vehicle.

EXERCISE 58 Read the text above again. Mark these sentences true (T) or false (F).

1 A petrol engine is lighter than a diesel engine of the same size.

2 A petrol engine runs further on a litre of fuel than a diesel engine of the same size.
3 Petrol burns more easily than diesel oil.
4 It is more expensive to manufacture a petrol engine than a diesel engine.
5 A petrol engine produces more power than a diesel engine of the same size.
6 Heavier engines produce more power than lighter engines.

Page 22 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 59 Translate these pages. Use your dictionary only. Check the technical
information.

Page 23 | ENME02 Workbook

Page 24 | ENME02 Workbook
Page 25 | ENME02 Workbook
Page 26 | ENME02 Workbook
TASK: WRITE THE MEANINGS OF THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN YOUR OWN
LANGUAGE. (FIRST PART)

ASSEMBLY REMOVAL: …………………………………………………………

BOLTS: …………………………………………………………
CHAMFERED POSITION: …………………………………………………………
CRANKSHAFT REAR OIL SEAL: …………………………………………………………
EXHAUST CAMSHAFT SPROCKET: …………………………………………………………

Page 27 | ENME02 Workbook

TASK: WRITE THE MEANINGS OF THESE WORDS AND PHRASES IN YOUR OWN
LANGUAGE (SECOND PART)

FLYWHEEL: …………………………………………………………
GAUGE: …………………………………………………………
HOSE: …………………………………………………………
IDLE SPEED: …………………………………………………………
INTAKE MANIFOLD: …………………………………………………………
LOCK NUT: …………………………………………………………
MANIFOLD VACUUM:…………………………………………………………
PULLEY: …………………………………………………………
SEAL LIP: …………………………………………………………
SPECIAL TOOL: …………………………………………………………
TENSIONER PULLEY: …………………………………………………………
THREE – WAY UNION: …………………………………………………………
TIMING BELT: …………………………………………………………
VALVE SPRING: …………………………………………………………

Page 28 | ENME02 Workbook

Mining Truck parts
EXERCISE 60 Label the mining truck with these words:
10 truck 12 cabin 20 first ladder 30 second ladder
21,22,31,32 14 catwalk 16 platform 17 bumper
handrails
40 railing 50 forward facing- 60,70 platform railing 100 first handrail
handrail extension member
110 retrofit 111,112,113,114, 111 U-shaped bracket 146 plate
handaril angled sections
member
148 bolts 150 nuts

Page 29 | ENME02 Workbook

Mining truck description
EXERCISE 61 Read the text and complete the specification chart. Write the parts in spanish.

A mining truck is a very large vehicle that carries earth and rocks around mines. It does not
travel on public roads. The truck has a powerful engine at the front, with a driver’s cab
mounted about it. The body rests on the chassis, which is supported by two axles. The body is
raised to empty its load of rocks.

The largest mining truck in the world has a height of 6,494mm, a width of 7,680 mm and a
length of 12,862 mm. The wheelbase is 5,905 mm. Unloaded, the truck weighs about 116,707
kg. It can carry a load of up to 218 tonnes.

The truck has six wheels and a top speed when loaded of 54.3 kph. The maximum engine
speed is approximately 1,750 rpm. The mining truck is high enough to move over rough groun d
without difficulty. It has a ground clearance of 1,005 mm. The standard fuel tank holds 4,354
litres. If the customer wishes, a bigger one can be fitted, holding 4,922 litres.

Number of wheels 6 Length

Fuel tank capacity ____ or_____ Width
Max. engine speed Height
Max. speed (loaded) Gound clearance
Number of axles Wheelbase
Weight (empty) Max. load

Page 30 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 62 Use the phrases in the language table and the information in brackets to complete the
sentences.

~ about, approximately > more than , over ≤ up to

< less than, under > at least

1 The mining truck has a height of about 6.5 metres and a length of more than 12.8 metres.
(height ~ 6.5 m; length > 12.8m).

2 The truck ________________________________________________________________

(weight > 116 tonnes).

3 It can carry _______________________________________________________________

( load ≤ 218 tonnes)

4 The largest fuel tank _______________________________________________________

(capacity > 4,900 litres)

5 When empty, _____________________________________________________________

(front axle / carry / ~ 46% of the weight; rear axle / carry / ~ 54% of the weight.

6 When loaded, _____________________________________________________________

(front axle / carry / ~ 33% of the weight; rear axle / carry / ~ 67% of the weight)

Page 31 | ENME02 Workbook

Electrical system of the car
EXERCISE 63 Read the text. Match the parts with their functions.

1 The battery a) carry electricity to different parts of the car.

2 The cables b) generates electricity for the car and charges the battery.
3 The engine c) changes AC to DC.
4 The alternator d) drives the wheels of the car and the alternator.
5 The diodes e) stores electricity for the car.
6 The rectifier pack f) allow electrical current to flow in one direction only.

EXERCISE 64 Complete the sentences with words from the box.

around / from / into / out of / through / to

1 Electricity flows_________________ the electrical cables.

2 Electriciy flows__________________ the electrical circuit.

3 Electriciy flows__________________ the alternator __________________the battery.

4 Electriciy flows__________________ the positive terminal of the battery_______the starter motor

If clause + result clause

EXERCISE 65 Match an If clause with a result clause.

If clause Result clause

1 If the ignition is on, a) electricity does not flow from the battery to the starter motor.

2 If the lights switch is on, b) current flows from the battery to the lights.

3 If the ignition is off, c) electricity flows around the circuit.

Page 32 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 66 Complete the sentences.Use the present simple, with or without NOT.

1 If the battery is charged and the lights switch is on, current flows from the battery to the lights.
(current / flow / battery / lights)

2 If the battery is charged and the radio switch is off, __________________________________

________________________________________ (current / flow / battery / radio )

3 If the battery is not charged, _____________________________________________________

________________________________________ (current / flow /starter motor / battery )

4 If the alternator is broken, ______________________________________________________

________________________________________ (current / flow / alternator / battery )

5 If no electricity flows from the alternator to the battery, ______________________________

_________________________________________( battery / become flat )

6 If the battery is flat, no _________________________________________________________

________________________________________ (electricity / flow /battery / starter motor )

7 If the ignition is off, ___________________________________________________________

________________________________________ (electricity / flow / around / electrical circuit )

Page 33 | ENME02 Workbook

Compound sentences exercises.
EXERCISE 67 Replace the word (s) in italics with the word (s) in brackets. Make any necessary
changes in punctuation and word order. Complex sentences.
Example: 1 Ben touched an earthed live wire, and as a result he got a shock .

1 Ben got a shock because he touched an earthed live wire. (and as a result).

2 Ron touched an earthed neutral wire, and as a result he was safe. (because).

3 As Bill touched an unearthed wire, he didn’t get a shock. (and so).

4 Bob touched a live wire when a tree touched a neutral wire. Therefore he got a
shock. (because)

5 Pete touched a live wire when a tree touched it. So he was safe. (since).

6 Since Tom and Del touched an unearthed wire, they got a shock. (and
therefore).

Prevention

To prevent electrocution, the earth

wire is connected to the casing of the
appliance.

If the live wire touches the casing,

the earth wire provides a path for the
electricity to flow.

This blows the fuse and switches the

appliance off, leaving you safe.

Page 34 | ENME02 Workbook

EXERCISE 68 Underline the correct word in these sentences.

1 I was late because / as a result there was a lot of traffic.

2 The connection is rigid. Therefore / As it won’t move in an earthquake.

3 You won’t get an electric shock since / therefore it’s a neutral wire in an earthed
system.

4 We did a crash test on the vehicle and as a result / since we’re going to improve
the design of the car.

Page 35 | ENME02 Workbook

TASK # 3: Write the meanings of these words and phrases in your own language.

Student : ______________________________Deadline:__________________________

NOUNS NOUN PHRASES

Cab ____________________ Disk brake ____________________
Capacity ____________________ Drum brake ____________________
Earth ____________________ Ground clearance ____________________
Load ____________________ Mining truck ____________________
Mine ____________________ ADJECTIVES
Height ____________________ Powerful ____________________
Length ____________________ Rough ____________________
Width ____________________ Standard ____________________
Depth ____________________ Unloaded ____________________
Suspension ____________________ ADVERBS
Wheelbase ____________________ Approximately ____________________
VERBS Slowly ____________________
Connect ____________________ Badly ____________________
Disconnect ____________________ Poorly ____________________
Inspect ____________________ Fastly ____________________
Lubricate ____________________ Counterclockwise ____________________
Remove ____________________ downward ____________________

Page 36 | ENME02 Workbook

Page 37 | ENME02 Workbook