KNJ1083 SOLID MECHANICS 1

TORSION

DR NUR TAHIRAH RAZALI

Ext. No: 3317

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Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
Learning Objective
Students s hould be a ble to:

● Solve the engineering problems rela ted to tors ion.

● Analyze the bea m a nd s ha ft problems under tors ion.

● Develop the s olutions to problems a s s ocia ted with s olid mecha nics .

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Contents
Angle of Twist

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Angle of Twist

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ANGLE OF TWIST

• For constant torque and cross-sectional area:

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 ANGLE OF TWIST
Eqn 5-15
𝝓𝝓 = angle of twist, in radians
T(x) = interna l torque at arbitrary pos ition x,
found from m ethod of s ections and equation of
m om ent equilibrium applied about s haft’s axis
J (x) = polar m om ent of inertia as a function of x
G = s hear m odulus of rigidity for m aterial
If s haft is s ubjected to s everal different
torques , or x-s ectional area or s hear
m odulus changes s uddenly from one
region of the s haft to the next, then apply
Eqn 5-15 to each s egm ent before
vectorially adding each s egm ent’s angle
of twis t:
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ANGLE OF TWIST (cont)

• Sign convention for both

torque and angle of twist
– positive if (right hand)
thumb directs outward
from the shaft

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*Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
 Internal torque
•Use method of sections and equation of moment
ANGLE OF TWIST equilibrium applied along shaft’s axis
(cont)
•If torque varies along shaft’s length, section made
at arbitrary position x a long s ha ft is repres ented a s
Procedure for T(x)
a na lys is
•If s evera l cons ta nt externa l torques a ct on s ha ft
between its ends , interna l torque in ea ch s egment
mus t be determined a nd s hown a s a torque
dia gra m
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 Angle of twist

•When circular x-sectional area varies along shaft’s

ANGLE OF TWIST axis, polar moment of inertia expressed as a
(cont) function of its position x a long its a xis , J (x)

•If J or interna l torque s uddenly cha nges between

Procedure for ends of s ha ft, φ = ∫ (T(x)/ J(x)G) dx or φ = TL/ JG
mus t be a pplied to ea ch s egment for which J , T a nd
a na lys is G a re continuous or cons ta nt

•Us e cons is tent s ign convention for interna l torque

a nd a ls o the s et of units

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EXAMPLE4

The gears attached to the fixed-end

steel shaft are subjected to the
torques shown in the figure. If the
shear modulus of rigidity is 80 Gpa
and the shaft has a diameter of 14
mm, determine the displacement of
the tooth P on gear A. The shaft
turns freely within the bearing B.

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EXAMPLE5

The two solid steel shafts are

coupled together using the
meshed gears. Determine the
angle of twist of end A of s ha ft AB
when the torque 45 Nm is a pplied.
Ta ke G to be 80 GPa . Sha ft AB is
free to rota te within bea rings E a nd
F, wherea s s ha ft DC is fixed a t D.
Ea ch s ha ft ha s a dia meter of 20mm.

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