Paula Shin

IM-6/12/AP
1/25/19
Annotated Source List

Arboleda-Flórez, Julio. “What causes stigma?” World psychiatry: official journal of the World
Psychiatric Association (WPA) vol. 1,1 (2002): 25-6.

This article focuses on the word stigma and how the historical meaning of it has
contributed to the definition today. In the past, a derivation of the word stigma was used to
identify positions in the Greek social structure and to identify people of a lesser value. Therefore,
the word we use today is understood as a method to socially disgrace people in order to identify
and devalue them. Even though the initial form of this word was not used to stigmatize the
mentally ill, the belief that being mentally ill displays a weakness in character carried on to this
day. The author continues to inform how authors of other articles displayed the two major
components of stigma, public stigma, the general population’s reaction to people with mental
illness and self-stigma, the prejudice that people with mental illnesses feel towards themselves.
Finally, the author concludes with acknowledging the programs designed to fight the stigma of
mental illnesses in many countries.
Because this article was an informative one that explained the purposes of two other
articles, the author focused on explaining the ideas discovered in other authors’ articles, as well
as incorporating his own ideas.

Alderman EM, Johnston BD, AAP COMMITTEE ON ADOLESCENCE, APP COUNCIL ON

INJURY, VIOLENCE, AND POISON PREVENTION. The Teen Driver: Pediatrics.
2018;142(4):e20182163

This article does not merely state the risks of how driving can be dangerous for teenagers,
but it also informs the audience of new research on the risks of teen drivers. There are several
factors that can contribute to adolescent driving risks. One is inexperience; adolescents are not
accustomed to looking way ahead of them and anticipating hazards, so safe advice would be to
drive under ideal conditions. Another is the number of passengers, as too many can be distracting
to the driver, and there is a relationship between the likelihood of a teen getting into a car crash
and the number of passengers in the car. Teens are also more likely to speed up the vehicle and
not leave enough space between them and the car in front of them. For fatal crashes among 15 to
20 year olds, speed was the cause for a third of the crashes. Another cause for crashes is the
slightest glance as a cell phone for longer than 2 seconds has the ability to result in the increased
risk for a crash. A major cause of car crashes is drinking while driving, even among teenagers.
Although the Minimum Drinking Age Act has caused the percentage of teenagers who drive within
30 days of drinking to decrease by about 50%, it is still a very important risk factor for adolescent
drivers. There are also side effects to medications that teenager may take while driving, such as
drowsiness. There are numerous ways that teenage drivers can become distracted, which can all
be prevented with intervention attempts. Methods that states have put into place are the Graduated
Driver’s License law, which sets regulations about driving responsibly, the driver’s education
class, the seat belt law and laws related to technological distractions, which allows a majority of
the states to ticket a driver for not wearing a seatbelt or for using a cell phone, and drug use laws.
 Unlike other articles that just warn the reader of certain dangers, this article is different in
a way that informs the readers about what has been accomplished to reduce this risk. Also, the
graph showing the trend of motor vehicle crashes helps the reader visualize how the trend
decreased over time. The risk factors, methods of prevention, recommendations for pediatricians,
and the links are all organized into sections, making this article very easy to read.

Boulos, Maged. Wikis, Blogs and Podcasts: A New Generation of Web-Based Tools for Virtual
Collaborative Clinical Practice and Education | BMC Medical Education | Full Text.

‘Collaborationware’ has become increasingly popular among health professionals. Some

examples are wikis, websites that are created and edited by anyone with access to them, blogs,
online web journals that provide a variety of media, and podcasts, audio materials that can be
downloaded to portable devices for learning experiences. These forms of media add different
aspects to the medical/health community, professional development, and research services. This
article delves into these tools and how they all play a role in the education of medical/nursing
students and the professional development of healthcare professionals. Wikis are used in order to
obtain information and knowledge, and as a virtual method to share information among students
and for them to engage in learning with one another. An example of how wikis are used in the
medical/health communities is the 'Flu Wiki', which is utilized to help local public health
communities prepare for an influenza pandemic. This is useful because it helps medical
professionals alert and helps those in certain communities where illnesses could be present. Blogs
are an easy way for people to share, reflect upon, and debate their knowledge about a common
topic, which often attracts a lot of readers. Podcasts are audio contents that allow the audience to
listen to their preferred content however way they would like. Podcasts for the medical community
are beneficial because they are widely accessible to patients and the general public. Some medical
places that are known for using podcasts are the Arizona Heart Institute and the Cleveland Clinic,
which offer video podcasts for healthcare professionals and patients.
This article informs the reader of how medical professionals’ online resources can benefit
patients, providing useful information for many different types of readers. The format of this paper
into different sections for each aspect also helps organizes the information together for easy
reading.

Capurro, Daniel, et al. “The Use of Social Networking Sites for Public Health Practice and
Research: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 16, no. 3,
2014, p. e79. www.jmir.org, doi:10.2196/jmir.2679.

Social Networking Sites (SNSs) create a cheap and quick access to health information for
all people. Even for those communities that are difficult to reach with typical methods of
communication, such as adolescents, Hispanics, and those with low incomes, they utilize the SNSs
at a higher rate than other age, ethnic, and economic groups. Therefore, a literature review was
conducted to study SNSs and report the results to public health professionals, in hopes of
solidifying any knowledge necessary. For the literature review, a database search of published
articles that consisted of the terms “social networking”, “public health” was conducted. In this
study, different types of information were categorized, such as the social media site used, how it
was used, and whether the method was currently in use by public health practitioners or currently
being researched by them. In addition, this article explores the amount of publications about social
networking sites and how the number of publications increased 30 times from 2007 to 2011.
This article is helpful to the researcher because it utilized several other articles to portray
their opinion and to show which age group is more likely to research public health issues online.
In addition, the use of several graphs and tables helps the reader visualize the information. By
performing a literature review and searching for key terms in a database, the author provides
support to their claim.

Conner, Kyaien O., et al. "Stigma: Impact on Mental Health and People of Color." People of
Color in the United States: Contemporary Issues in Education, Work, Communities,
Health, and Immigration, edited by Kofi Lomotey, vol. 3: Health and Wellness,
Greenwood, 2016, pp. 326-332. Gale Virtual Reference Library.

In this article, the author explores how stigma affects people of color. More specifically,
it explains the theory of stigma, the correlation with mental health, the types of stigma, the
disparities between mental health services used by African Americans and white Americans, and
how to eliminate stigma. The author believes that stigma, or a condition that people view in a
derogatory way, was one of the most prevalent obstacles to receiving treatment, and that
racial/ethnic minorities are the ones most vulnerable. By writing about the “stigma theory” and
exploring the five main components, the author leads to the most common example connected to
stigma: mental health. Even though people’s attitude towards mental illnesses have significantly
improved, stigmatizing beliefs have become more prevalent towards those with psychotic
disorders, especially because of how individuals with mental illnesses are represented in the
media in stereotypical ways. Not only does racial or ethnic background play a role in receiving
treatment, but self-stigma and shame also decreases the chances for individuals to receive
treatment.
By grouping information into different sections, the author provided a clear method to
explain the information, making this article simple to read.

Corrigan, Patrick W, and Amy C Watson. “Understanding the impact of stigma on people with
mental illness” World psychiatry: official journal of the World Psychiatric Association
(WPA) vol. 1,1 (2002): 16-20.

This article is about how individuals with mental illnesses are affected by the general
population’s stereotypical ideas about them, economically and financially. The author continues
to explore the different aspects of stigma and methods that can be used to change public stigma.
There are three ways to change public stigma: protest, educate, and contact. Groups of people
can protest inaccurate and hostile representations of mental illnesses to the media and public,
challenging the stigmas that they represent. However, a downfall of protesting is that it fails to
promote positive attitudes supported by facts. A positive method is through education programs,
by providing more information for the public to make informed decisions, and by connecting
those with mental illnesses to the general public.
The authors provide an effective method for explaining their points, with a table.
However, the title is a bit misleading because it makes the article seem as if it will explain how
stigma will affect people with mental illnesses, but other than a few words at the beginning
explaining this, the authors do not explore this topic further.
Edwards, Paul N. “How to Read a Book.” University of Michigan School of Information.

The title of this article seems really basic and could make anyone feel confused about why
there is an article about how to read a book. However, this article gives valuable advice about
reading to retain information, instead of for the purpose of checking off a list or fulfilling a
requirement for school. Towards the beginning of the article, the author gives a list of 11 strategies
and techniques to focus on when reading any sort of text, which the author elaborates more on
throughout the article. The author focuses on genuinely being able to understand the information
and time management. In order to fully understand a text, the author states that it must be read 3
times. The first time is basically skimming the text and getting an understanding of the main ideas
of it. The second time is for getting the details of the main ideas, and truly understanding the
author’s point of view and purpose. Finally, the third time is for rewriting the main ideas of the
text in your own words, in order to truly understand the information. For time management, the
author states that several short sessions are much more beneficial than continuously poring over a
text for a long period of time. This way, readers are less likely to become distracted and can focus
better on the task at hand.
This article is extremely helpful to any future researcher or for any general student,
especially for those who constantly look for mechanisms to improve reading comprehension and
time management skills, which are both covered in this article.

Frith, Emily. Social Media and Children’s Mental Health: A Review of the Evidence. 2017.

This report researched young people’s use of social media and how it impacts their mental
health. There are several different parts to this report, such as observing how children use the
internet, the positive and negative impacts for children to be online, and how parents can stay
involved. In this generation, a vast amount of children begin to use the internet at a very young
age, and according to this report, half of the participants in the study began to use the internet in
between 7-9 years old. On weekends, the average internet use is greater than 4 hours, and on
weekdays, the average internet use is around 2 to 4 hours. There are many more statistics that show
how extensively children use the internet is, leading to the section on what the positive impacts of
social media are. A lot of marketing has been done on how social media causes harm, but this
report states that young people view social media as a positive influence in their lives, with
maintaining relationships, staying involved with their communities, finding resources for their
education, and most importantly, accessing health information. For those suffering or coping with
mental health issues, the internet and social media acts as an important source of information and
support for them. An important example is the Crisis Text line service, which allowed teenagers
to contact professionals and gain help in any kind of crisis.
This article helps the researcher in observing how social media impacts teens, both
negatively and positively. In addition to providing information about the positive impacts of social
media, the report considers the opposing viewpoint; that there are several risks in using social
media, such cyberbullying and connections to mental health issues.

Granello, Darcy Haag, and Pamela S. Pauley. “Television Viewing Habits and Their
Relationship
to Tolerance Toward People with Mental Illness.” Journal of Mental Health Counseling,
 vol. 22, no. 2, Apr. 2000, p. 162. EBSCOhost,
search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=tfh&AN=3312971&site=eds-live.

This article explores the disadvantages of the electronic media with mental illnesses. By
observing college individuals’ television viewing habits, the authors aim to uncover the
relationship between television and their tolerance towards those with mental illness. As the
number of hours watching television increased, there was a positive correlation with intolerance
towards people with mental illnesses. The article continues to explain the assertion that the
images portrayed on television are inaccurate, and supports it with statistics. According to other
sources, 65% of people with mental illnesses on the news were portrayed as violent during a 3-
month period. In addition, the participants in the study described the individuals as “confused,”
“aggressive,” “dangerous,” and “unpredictable”.
This article was extremely useful in learning about how television contributes to the
stigma of mental illnesses, with support from a study conducted and from statistics. The author
also cited various other publications, leading me to learn more information about the topic.

Henderson, Lesley. “Popular Television and Public Mental Health: Creating Media
Entertainment from Mental Distress.” Critical Public Health, vol. 28, no. 1, Jan. 2018, pp.
106–17. tandfonline.com (Atypon), doi:10.1080/09581596.2017.1309007.

In this article, the disparities between public mental health and the practices of the
entertainment industry illustrates how dramatic storylines tend to contribute to mental distress
and the stigma against mental illnesses. It explores how producers struggle with the portraying
the authentic version of characters and instead, portraying characters in an extreme way that
reaches more audiences, by emphasizing certain benefits of medication and by marginalizing
how individuals are able to self-manage their conditions. The author, supported by various other
sources, conducts interviews with professionals in the entertainment industry who extensively
worked on storylines that focused on mentally distressing storylines, concluding with the fact
that a majority of dramas represent the typical experience of mental illness, with the exception of
a few characters who are not researched appropriately.
The way that this article was formatted was extremely helpful. It cited various sources
and provided links to them at the appropriate time, which verified the conclusions drawn in this
article.

Jacobs, Wura, et al. “Health Information Seeking in the Digital Age: An Analysis of Health
Information Seeking Behavior among US Adults.” Cogent Social Sciences, edited by
Claudia Alvares, vol. 3, no. 1, Jan. 2017, p. 1302785. Taylor and Francis+NEJM,
doi:10.1080/23311886.2017.1302785.

Health information is something that everyone should be able to have access to, no matter
their social or economic status. A way to accomplish that is through the Internet. This way, social
inequalities in health could be reduced. However, there is the obvious debate of whether increasing
health information on the Web is actually benefiting certain communities or just damaging them
even further. Therefore, to assess this, the Health Information National Trends Survey conducted
a study about the health information environment and the extent of which people use technology
to maintain their health. The survey asked about where people researched information about
medical issues, their income, education, gender, race, current health condition, and family history.
A vast majority of the participants answered that they sought out the internet for the first place
they search for health information. This is no surprise, because of the amount of information out
there. However, there is a disadvantage for some people in the rising digital age, the elderly. There
are constantly different methods of distributing information being created, and for the elderly who
are not used to this type of information are unable to keep up, therefore losing their ability to
research more information.
This article states precautions of the rapid influx of new information for those who are
unfamiliar with these methods, instead of merely ignoring another perspective. However, certain
parts of the article were difficult to comprehend because they included symbols that were not
explained any further.

Lawson, Andrea, and Gregory Fouts. “Mental Illness in Disney Animated Films.” Canadian
Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, vol. 49, no. 5, May 2004, pp.
310–14. PubMed, doi:10.1177/070674370404900506.

This article focuses on the impact of the media’s portrayal of mental illnesses on people
who actually experience them, more specifically, the impact of Disney films. The author
references several films by Disney and explains the studies conducted on them. The studies
conducted were based on a coding manual, which systematizes the content, codes the characters
in the respective films, then examining the literature to observe the words spoken regarding
mental illnesses, such as “crazy,” “literature,” and “nuts.” These words, in addition to the way
the animations portray different characters influence the audience’s opinion of mental illness, by
representing that those characters belong to a lower social group and should be avoided. This
topic was explored because of the amount of children who watch these types of movies, which
can influence their attitudes towards people with mental illnesses.
This article provided an interesting outtake on the idea of entertainment influencing
public perceptions about mental illness, by utilizing a commonly recognized children’s
entertainment.

Lynskey, Vanessa M., et al. “Using a Marketing Evaluation Tool to Optimize a Social Marketing
Campaign: Insights From a Copy Test of a You’re the Mom Campaign Ad.” Journal of
Nutrition Education and Behavior, vol. 0, no. 0, Aug. 2018. www.jneb.org,
doi:10.1016/j.jneb.2018.05.009.

In this article, the method of the “copy test” was introduced. Businesses use this marketing
tool to compare the performance of advertisements with previously tested advertisements for their
impact or the effectiveness of their message. This tool is used to optimize advertisements in order
to maximize their impact or their product performance. Especially with public health campaigns,
pretesting campaign materials is extremely important because it ensures that the materials are
effective, understood as intended, and consistent with the overall strategy. This article explores the
“You’re the Mom” campaign, which was created to motivate mothers to choose healthier options
in fast food restaurants. This campaign was intended for low income, African American or
Hispanic/Latina mothers because of a higher risk of childhood obesity among these populations
and the abundance of fast food restaurants in these communities. The study in this article focused
on the campaigns’ impact, such as interest, tendency to stop and look at the advertisement, and
how the campaign was branded. These aspects had high scores, even for the You’re the Mom logo,
which gained the least amount of attention at first, but ultimately gained people’s attention at a
higher rate than the others. The results of this campaign show it is important to fully understand
the purpose of a specific advertisement, and that some campaigns motivate the audience, instead
of educating them.
This article gives reasoning about the benefits of health practitioners utilizing copy testing
to assess and optimize campaigns before they launch, which could help the researcher in learning
how to effectively launch a public health campaign. In addition, this article gives a mini table of
contents at the top of the article, allowing the reader to directly visit the information that they need.

Puhek, Peter, et al. Social Media as a Market Communication Tool in Healthcare. 2018,
doi:10.20472/IAC.2018.039.038.
Due to the increasing number of digital tools available to modern day society, more people
are incorporating technology use into their professional lives, such as the healthcare field. Not only
has there been more information available for healthcare professionals to use when practicing
medicine, but there are also more ways to raise awareness about prevention and ensuring that
people live healthy lives. This is made possible with the creation of social media. In the past, health
information would have only been available to healthcare professionals, but through the use of
social media, they can alert those who are not professionals of dangers of using certain products,
or reminders to keep their health intact. However, this article still touches on the disadvantages of
having a multitude of information at our fingertips. Healthcare professionals can be heavily
influenced by the marketing techniques of pharmaceutical companies, thus impacting their
decision making skills and potentially allowing them to pursue dangerous options, and the endless
amount of filtering in order to receive the correct information. This article contains a research
study done on healthcare professionals who engage in social media often. The results show that
over 80% of the surveyors use social media every day.
This article was useful to the researcher because it justifies the use of social media even in
a professional environment and allows more people to get access to health information. The
occasional tables and graphs included in this lengthy article helped the researcher visualize the
results of the survey conducted.

Randolph, Whitney, and K. Viswanath. “Lessons Learned from Public Health Mass Media
Campaigns: Marketing Health in a Crowded Media World.” Annual Review of Public
Health, vol. 25, no. 1, 2004, pp. 419–37. Annual Reviews,
doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.123046.

Health practitioners have used media campaigns in order to improve the health of others,
such as advising people to eat healthily, get exercise, and to stop smoking. The main goal for health
practitioners is to prevent any type of disease, which can be done by changing the information
available for individuals to change their behaviors. Although these types of campaigns may seem
efficient, their effectiveness depends on a variety of different factors. For example, reliable
campaign sponsors are needed to maximize the audience exposure that the information reaches,
tailoring different messages to different audiences, and generating a supportive atmosphere.
Therefore, a study was conducted on scholarly articles from high-level sources that were written
about public health campaigns. The creativity of and where the messages are posted redefines the
issues for a target audience. A successful example of this was the SENTAR, also known as
sensation seeking targeting, the approach in television campaigns to reduce adolescent marijuana
use. This approach consisted of using exciting stimuli to intrigue individuals, resulting in a
successful reduction in marijuana use among adolescents who seek out high sensations. Overall,
the major factors that influence individuals’ behaviors are how the specific illness applies to
themselves, their attitudes towards the behavior, their perceived norms which are influenced by
their community, and their ability to perform the behavior.
This article was helpful to the researcher by providing information about creating a mass
media campaign. As informative and relevant that the article was about marketing health in today’s
world, this article was published in 2004, and could not have provided the most accurate research.
However, the information presented in this article is still relevant and can be applied to practices
today, as shown in other articles of the type.

Reid Chassiakos Y, Radesky J, Christakis D, et al., AAP COUNCIL ON COMMUNICATIONS

AND MEDIA. Children and Adolescents and Digital Media. Pediatrics. 2016;138(5):
e20162593

Today, children are surrounded by a digital environment. A huge difference from before is
that children begin to use digital media a lot earlier. This early connection results in adolescents
feeling “addicted” to their phones. Teenagers utilize social media sites and other mobile apps to
create an online identity, talk with other people, and build a social network. With more
advancements in technology, communication has evolved from face-to-face and voice-only
conversations to screen-to-screen interaction. In addition, a large number of adolescents tend to
partake in media multitasking, by engaging in several different forms of media. The most
important topic that social media can help with is patients’ access to information about illnesses,
conditions, or disabilities or LGBTQ communities. Also, social media fosters social inclusion and
connections among patients who feel excluded, because individuals with mental illnesses feel a
greater connection and belonging by sharing personal stories to cope with the illnesses. In addition
to visiting the local doctor, people can seek health information on social media, which can be used
to enhance healthy behaviors. Another benefit that the media has is the technology-powered
communication devices for children with disabilities.
This article informs the reader of the numerous benefits of adolescents using social media
as a unique outlet to seek information about illnesses or information. The format of this article also
allows the reader to gain information easily, by reading in columns, and by titling each section
with a question that the reader may have.

"Stigma." The Gale Encyclopedia of Mental Health, edited by Laurie J. Fundukian and Jeffrey
Wilson, 2nd ed., vol. 2, Gale, 2008, pp. 1104-1108. Gale Virtual Reference Library,
http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/CX2699900408/GVRL?u=howard_main&sid=GVRL
&xid=d09837bf. Accessed 16 Dec. 2018.

This article is merely an informative one that explores the topic of stigma and how it
correlates to disorders, such as depression and anxiety. It also explores how the media plays a
role in furthering the general public’s negative attitudes towards mental illness. First, the article
explains the origins of stigma, which was used to categorize people unable to contribute to the
group’s survival, or unable to fit in with the well-being of others, and viewed as threats to others.
The article displays how the stigma related to depression and anxiety has diminished since the
mid 20th century because they are not associate these disorders to stress. However, the stigma
associated with psychotic disorders such as have become much more worse than the mid 20th
century. The authors continue to explore the role of the media in the perception of mental illness,
which was received attention from public health researchers. The researcher observed that the
media presented those mentally ill as “dangerous time bombs waiting to explode”.
By providing an expansive range of information, this article was helpful in explaining
several different aspects of stigma and its influencers, while incorporating the perspective of
professionals.

Thackeray, Rosemary, et al. “Using Twitter for Breast Cancer Prevention: An Analysis of Breast
Cancer Awareness Month.” BMC Cancer, vol. 13, no. 1, Oct. 2013, p. 508. BioMed
Central, doi:10.1186/1471-2407-13-508.

Twitter is an informative source about the thoughts of different people. It has been used for
health-related purposes, such as giving information out about diabetes, offering help during a
natural disaster, understanding influenza, and drinking problems. There was a study conducted on
how Facebook raised awareness of cancer, and researchers found out that the most common
activities that it does were informing, educating, providing support, sharing testimony, advocating,
and raising funds. Increasingly, there are more articles being written about how social media is
being used to increase awareness about health issues, especially as part of national health
observances. The U.S. government identified the month of October as an official health observance
for breast cancer awareness. The effects of this are increased screenings for breast cancer. In the
late 80’s, barely a quarter of women in the United States had undergone a screening within a year,
but then, by the 21st century, nearly ¾ths of women underwent screenings. Also, the rate of
detection of breast cancer was increased during the month of October. This article contained a
study on breast-cancer related tweets from before the beginning of October and determined what
kind of effect they had. Studies were conducted on spokespersons, who were the essential parts of
the marketing communication campaign because the public tends to follow their example.
This article offered important information about how the national health observances are
genuinely effective and how it encourages people to learn more about the topic. However, this
social media site has a lot of more active people now than when this article was published, which
could change the results of the article.

Vila-Badia, Regina, et al. “Effectiveness of an Intervention for Reducing Social Stigma towards
Mental Illness in Adolescents.” World Journal of Psychiatry, vol. 6, no. 2, June 2016, pp.
239–47. PubMed Central, doi:10.5498/wjp.v6.i2.239.

For adolescents suffering from mental illnesses, it is already hard enough to deal with and
seek help for their illnesses, but unfortunately, they must endure the harsh attitudes of other people,
also known as a stigma. There are a wide variety of illnesses that are stigmatized, such as
schizophrenia. This illness is caused by environmental factors, but people tend to view it as being
due to genetics, subjecting them to prejudice, discriminate, isolate those suffering from
schizophrenia. This is why it is vital that there must be methods to reduce social stigma.
Intervention programs in school could help with this, giving adolescents the proper idea of what
mental illness is. Also, it has shown to be more effective when different assortments of methods
are used to teach adolescents about mental illnesses. Film and showing people suffering from
mental illnesses on the screen can reach a wide audience, be more accessible, and reduce
stigmatizing beliefs. This article delves deeper into this topic and evaluates how effective an
intervention with professionals are for reducing social stigma towards a mental illness. Nearly 300
adolescents were evaluated using a questionnaire that was created to gather the reactions of the
general population towards local mental health services. They were given 4 scores based on
different factors, such as authoritarianism, benevolence, social restrictiveness, and community
mental health ideology. Higher scores in authoritarianism and social restrictiveness indicate
greater stigma, while lower scores in benevolence and community mental health ideology indicate
greater stigma.
This article provides valuable insights on how stigma affects those suffering from mental
illnesses and what methods can be implemented to reduce this. Also, this article was brief yet it
was still able to effectively portray information about methods in reducing stigma by incorporating
tables. The information on the tables contained unfamiliar terms, which made them difficult to
interpret, but the explanations underneath them helped the reader comprehend them better.

Yonker, Lael M., et al. “‘Friending’ Teens: Systematic Review of Social Media in Adolescent
and Young Adult Health Care.” Journal of Medical Internet Research, vol. 17, no. 1, Jan.
2015, p. e4. PubMed, doi:/jmir.3692.

In order for adolescents to self-monitor their health, they must take advantage of the
abundance of health information available on the internet and be able to communicate with
healthcare professionals, because of their critical age for experiencing health-risk behaviors.
Adolescents are among the most represented population online, and this fact has been explored in
several articles about the use of social networks for health-related research. A meta-analysis was
conducted, by collecting other pieces of literature that fit criteria. This study discovered that those
studies that were for the younger adolescents focused on social media use, and those studies that
were aimed for older adolescents and young adults used social media for health information.
Numerous of the studies analyzed show that social media platforms acted as “channels to provide
health information to educate and invoke behavior among young people” (Yonker). Typically,
these platforms focused on disease prevention and providing information on different kinds of
illnesses. It has been stated that social media may not always be reliable for accessing health
information, many studies state that social media, in fact, does show a positive impact on the
audience. An example of how social media has proven to be successful was when an organ
donation program increased organ donor registration by 28% by using social media sites. Social
media also provides a resource for adolescents/young adults to become engaged with information
that may not otherwise be accessible to them.
By mentioning the disadvantages, but focusing on the advantages of adolescent social
media use, the author builds an informative claim in this article. The author also provides more
support to the claim by verifying the results with other works of literature in performing extensive
searches with credible sources, such as PubMed and MedLine.