Hotel Plate

Major Plate 2
Research
Presentation
National Accomodation
Standards of DOT
Star Grading System for Hotels, Resorts and Apartels
★ Section 1. Five Star Grading System. There are five (5) levels of accommodation standards ranging
from one to five stars. The star bands for Hotels, Resorts and Apartment Hotels are as follows:
★ a. One Star: 25-40% achievement (251 to 400 points) – These enterprises appeal to budget minded
travelers. There is a limited range of facilities and services.
★ b. Two Star: 40-55% achievement (401 to 550 points) - These enterprises appeal to the tourists
seeking more than basic accommodation. They offer expanded facilities and higher level of comfort.
★ c. Three Star: 55–70% achievement (551 to 700 points) – These enterprises offer a very good level of
accommodation. There are more spacious public areas, higher quality facilities and a greater range of
services.
★ d. Four Star: 70–85% achievement (701 to 850 points) - These properties are upscale in all areas.
Accommodation is refined and stylish. Service is responsive, often including an extensive array of
facilities.
★ e. Five Star: 85-100% achievement (851 to 1,000 points) - These properties reflect the characteristics
of luxury and sophistication. The facilities are world class in every manner and the meticulous service
exceeds all guest expectations
Arrival / Departure
1.1 Building – Appearance
Minimum 1-5 (stars): Exterior in a clean fit for purpose condition
Hotel name clearly visible from the street and at night
1.2 Building – Design and Construction Quality
Unacceptable: Built design and construction quality is from materials that are not durable and/ or unsafe for
guest use.
Outstanding: Luxurious and unique exterior, outstanding visual appeal, highest quality materials used in
construction.
1.3 Building – Condition (Wear and Tear)
Unacceptable: Neglected appearance, obvious structural repairs needed, poor outside materials, flaking
paint, rotting wood, rust evident.
Outstanding: As new condition, no building maintenance issues are visible.
Arrival / Departure
1.4 Entrance/ Exit & Parking
Minimum 1-5 (stars): Driveway is in a sound condition and free from significant potholes with no obvious
obstructions.
Driveway entrance is clearly marked and is visible at night time.
Clearly designated parking area that meets the relevant provisions of the National
Building Code.
Minimum 4-5 (stars): Valet parking is provided.
1.5 Security
Minimum 1-5 (stars): Professional security in place 24 hours at main entry point.
Property and security services designed to ensure guest safety at all times.
Monitoring of CCTV 24 hours.
1.6 Reception – Service Hours
Minimum 1-2 (stars): Reception service available 16 hours
Minimum 3-5 (stars): Reception service available 24 hours.
Arrival / Departure
1.7 Reception – Size
Unacceptable: Reception area is small and/or difficult to locate.
Outstanding: Luxurious check in facility, private check in facility is available and used as appropriate.
1.8 Reception – Seating Area
Unacceptable: No seating available or seating options in poor condition with lack of privacy.
Outstanding: Outstanding seating options are available for different sized groups to enable comfort whilst waiting
near reception.
1.9 Check-in Process
Unacceptable: Lengthy inefficient registration process with unacceptable wait time of over 10 minutes before
receiving any service.
Outstanding: Pre registration information completed and no wait time for registration process.
1.10 Luggage Services
Minimum 1-5 (stars): Left luggage services available without dedicated space.
Left luggage practices ensure bag security and luggage room is proportionate to size of hotel.
Public Areas
2.1 Public Area – Decoration – Design and Quality
Unacceptable: No thought given to coordinating design resulting in ad-hoc decoration.
Outstanding: Highest quality, unique wall hangings on display, outstanding design features.
2.2 Public Areas – Decoration -Condition and Maintenance
Unacceptable: Very old, faded, damaged wall coverings, peeling, grubby marks, evidence of neglect.
Outstanding: No evidence of wear and tear, in as new condition throughout.
2.3 Public Areas - Furniture – Quality
Unacceptable: Uncomfortable furniture that is made of poor materials, or no furniture used.
Outstanding: Highest quality furniture in outstanding condition, or antique furniture of highest quality.
2.4 Public Areas - Furniture – Condition
Unacceptable: Scratched and badly damaged furniture, loose arms and legs, stained, dirty upholstery or no
furniture used.
Outstanding: Furniture in outstanding as new condition, conveniently located throughout the hotel.
Public Areas
2.5 Public Washroom - Quality
Unacceptable: Poor quality throughout, aged basin and bowl, not fit for purpose.
Outstanding: Outstanding quality, designer tap ware, ample space
2.6 Public Washroom - Condition and Cleanliness
Unacceptable: Basin chipped or damaged, paintwork chipped, flaking, dirty condition.
Outstanding: Outstanding condition, no marks or chips, as new condition.
2.8 Public Areas - Temperature Control – Quality
Unacceptable: No general ambient temperature, poor air quality, bad smells.
Outstanding: Outstanding levels of comfort throughout. Thermostatically controlled in all public areas.
2.10 Public Areas - Lighting – Quality
Unacceptable: Low quality lighting, bare bulbs with no shades, dim, gloomy effect, with some dark spaces.
Outstanding: Highest quality of lighting. Designed for practical use and also effect, showing off corridor and features
in public areas, e.g. mood lighting and dimming system.
2.12 Public Areas - Lighting – Environmental Protection
Environmental: Good use of natural lighting
Bedroom
3.1 Room Size
Minimum 1 (stars): Size including bathroom ≥ 16 sq. m 4 m
Minimum 2 (stars): Size including bathroom ≥ 18 sq. m 8 m
Minimum 3 (stars): Size including bathroom ≥ 20 sq. m 12 m
Minimum 4 (stars): Size including bathroom ≥ 25 sq. m 16 m
Minimum 5 (stars): Size including bathroom ≥ 30 sq. m

3.2 Suites – Availability (Note: Suites shall have a Master’s bedroom, pantry, separate living room and
en-suite bathroom with enclosed shower and telephone extension in bathroom).
Minimum 4 (stars): 2% of rooms are suites.
Minimum 5 (stars): 5% of rooms are suites
Bedroom
3.3 Rooms for Persons with Disabilities (PWD) – Availability
Minimum 1-5 (stars): One PWD room for every 50 up to 150 rooms, and 1 for every 100 rooms thereof,
for less than 50 rooms at least one PWD room

3.4 Bedroom - Space & Comfort

Unacceptable: Floor space has obstacles that can cause injury to guests, furniture too large or too small,
may be less than 2.4 meters.
Outstanding: Luxurious space designed for relaxation and efficiency of movement. Ample free space
with furniture in suitable and convenient places.

3.5 Bedroom – Sound Proofing

Unacceptable: No attempt to provide any sound proofing.
Outstanding: Outstanding sound proofing design to ensure quiet enjoyment of space.
Bedroom
3.12 Bedroom – Lighting – Quality
Unacceptable: Cracked light switches, lights without shades or lamps.
Outstanding: Architectural design of lighting is evident. The best available.

3.14 Bedroom - Lighting – Environmental Protection

Environmental Energy: All rooms must have windows with a view.

3.17 Bedroom - Floor Coverings – Quality

Unacceptable: Floor tiles or carpets do not cover the main floor space they were intended to cover.
Outstanding: Exceptional quality, custom design flooring, polished woods or luxurious plush carpets with density
of 42 oz.

3.19 Bedroom - Temperature Control - Quality

Unacceptable: Ineffective cooling system.
Outstanding: Room pre cooled for arrival or very fast cooling system available, highest quality unit or system in
place.
Bedroom
3.21 Bedroom – Furniture - Quality
Unacceptable: No chair, no bedside table or made of material that is not suitable for this purpose.
Outstanding: Designer furniture that helps create a refined ambience for the room, the best available
furniture is used.
Bedroom
3.23 Bedroom - Accessories and Amenities available
Electronic key card locking system.
Environmental Key card power system.
Door chain or security device such as peep hole to view visitors.
Small mirror – at least 600mm by 300mm 24 inches by 12 inches.
Medium mirror – at least 800mm by 400mm 31 inches by 16 inches.
Big mirror – at least 47 inches by 24 inches.
Full length mirror – at least 70 inches by 24 inches.
Coat hangers – 3 per person minimum – wire.
Coat hangers – 3 per person minimum – plastic.
Coat hangers – 3 per person minimum – wooden.
Open shelve wardrobe (no doors).
Bedroom
Small size wardrobe 24 inches minimum width.
Adequate size wardrobe 35 inches minimum width.
Standard size wardrobe 47 inches minimum width.
Spacious wardrobe 59 inches minimum width.
Drawers or enclosed shelf space.
Portable luggage rack.
Defined luggage rack – permanent.
Central safe at reception only.
Small safety deposit box in room, functional and securely bolted.
Safety deposit box in room, large enough for 13” laptop, functional and securely bolted.
Daily newspaper delivered to room.

Minimum 1-5 (stars) Drinking water and one glass per guest.
Minimum 3-5 (stars) Tea/coffee facilities in room.
Minimum 3-5 (stars) Telephone provided in each room with direct dial.
77 Clock/Radio/Wake up service.
Bedroom
Minimum 1-5 (stars) Drinking water and one glass per guest.
Minimum 3-5 (stars) Tea/coffee facilities in room.
Minimum 3-5 (stars) Telephone provided in each room with direct dial.
77 Clock/Radio/Wake up service.
Minimum 2-5 (stars) In room compendium with basic information on emergency contacts
Minimum 3-5 (stars) In room compendium with extended information including mini bar price lists and
restaurant menu.
Minimum 4-5 (stars) In room compendium with extensive regional information on what to see and do for
tourists.
Refrigerator, clean and in working condition
Refrigerator with serviced mini bar.
Bedroom
Other Amenities:

TV with small screen size (< 20 inches) without remote control.

TV with small screen size (< 20 inches) with functional remote control.
TV with medium screen size (20-32 in) with functional remote control.
TV flat screen 32 inch or larger with functional remote control.
TV flat screen 40 inch or larger with functional remote control.
In room internet connections (WLAN or wired).
Free In room internet connections (WLAN or wired).
Flashlight or illuminated light switches in room.
Laundry bag in room and service available.
Iron and board in room available.
Bathroom
4.2 Bathroom – Shower/Bath
Unacceptable: Small shower with weak or no pressure, taps of low quality.
Outstanding: Frameless shower screen, designer shower enclosure, highest quality bath if provided,
luxurious quality finishings.

4.4 Bathroom – Basin – Quality

Unacceptable: Basin plastic or poly-marble, taps of low quality.
Outstanding: Outstanding quality, often double basin, designer tap ware, ample space.

4.5 Bathroom – Toilet – Quality

Unacceptable: Cheap plastic toilet seat and/or cover that does not fit.
Outstanding: Solid construction with designer features evident.
Bathroom
4.7 Bathroom – Decoration – Quality
Unacceptable: Poor quality throughout, uncoordinated mix of tiles.
Outstanding: Highest quality decoration, grouting excellent condition, ceiling finish is of highest quality.

4.11 Bathroom – Space and Comfort

Unacceptable: Space is too small for comfort.
Outstanding: Generous and outstanding space, the best available.

4.12 Bathroom – Overall Cleanliness

Unacceptable: Heavy dust and/or smear on surfaces, long term grime on inaccessible places, old soap, hairs
in bathroom, waste bin not emptied.
Outstanding: As new look and feel, very clean and shining surfaces, excellent attention to detail.
Bathroom
4.14 Bathroom – Amenities – Availability
Bidet Functional hairdryer
Magnifying mirror Weighing scales
Bath robe / gown Slippers
Shoe mitt / horns

4.15 Bathroom – Environmental Protection

Environmental
Dual flush toilet system or similar to conserve water.
Flow regulators on shower/taps to conserve water.
Bulk dispensers or biodegradable packaging used for soaps, shampoos.
Towel and linen policy promotes conservation and gives guest choice regarding frequency of cleaning.
Kitchen
5.1 Food and Beverage – Availability of Restaurants
Minimum 1 - 5 (stars): Breakfast room available.
Minimum 3 - 5 (stars): Full service restaurant open 7 days a week (including breakfast).
Minimum 4 - 5 (stars): Additional Specialty Restaurant / Fine Dining.

5.4 Restaurant - Decoration & Furniture - Quality

Unacceptable: Tables and chairs are insufficient for the number of guests, uncomfortable seating.
Outstanding: Luxurious feel, highest quality table and chairs, linen clothes and napkins.

5.8 Restaurant – Space and Comfort

Unacceptable: Very crowded, cramped, uncomfortable, loud noise, unpleasant atmosphere.
Outstanding: Outstanding environment and highest levels of comfort, one of the best available.

5.9 Kitchen - Quality of Appliances

Unacceptable: Old appliances, untidy but adequate range.
Outstanding: Outstanding kitchen environment. One of the best available. As new appliances. (Layout)
Amenities and Services
6.1 Amenities - Guest Services
Housekeeping turndown service at night.
Minimum 4-5: Room Service 18-24 hours.

6.2 Amenities – Wellness Services

Fitness centre on site with cardio machines and trained staff.
Fitness centre has trained staff on duty with 5 or more cardio machines.
Massage services on site.
Spa with 3 or more treatment options.
Spa services must consist of massage, body treatments and water applications.
Spa services include Traditional Filipino treatments
Swimming pool with lifeguard on duty.
Swimming pool with clean and well maintained facilities; size appropriate for hotel.
Sports equipment available for hire as appropriate to location.
Jacuzzi.
Sauna / Steam room
Amenities and Services
6.3 Amenities – General Services
Gift and souvenir shop.
Tour desk.
Hairdressers / salons.
Business Center (with PC, printer, photo copier, internet connection, etc).
First Aid facility with trained staff on site.

6.4 Amenities – Conference / Function Venue

Conference facilities / function rooms to cater only for small groups (< 20 people).
Conference facilities / function rooms to cater for groups (20-50 people).
Conference facilities / function rooms to cater for groups (20-50 people)
Conference facilities / function rooms to cater for groups (100-250 people).
Conference facilities / function rooms to cater for groups (>250 people).
Conference equipment – projector and screen (sufficient for size of conference room).
Conference equipment – comfortable and ergonomic conference chairs and tables.
Business Practices
7.1 Business Processes
Emergency and fire evacuation procedures are followed and in place.
Backup generator or emergency power is available, capable of providing full power.
Safety systems and documentation in place to respond to possible natural disasters and man-made threats.
Cleaning schedules in place that show daily, weekly and seasonal cleaning and checking procedures.
Maintenance plans that show plan to address major areas requiring maintenance.
Vermin/Pest control in place to identify and eliminate pests such as rodents, bed bugs, cockroaches, flies,
etc.
Risk assessment audit conducted in the last 5 years that reviews security threats to the property.
Business Practices
7.1 Business Processes
Environmental: Environmental management system in place to reduce waste with waste reduction targets.
Environmental: Environmental systems in place to reduce water with water reduction targets.
Environmental: Environmental systems in place to reduce energy with energy reduction targets.
Social: Training programme in place for staff (minimum of 3 days per staff member/ year).
Social: Recruitment programme ensure local people are employed (minimum 80% from within the region).
Social: Procurement process ensures local purchasing across all supply areas (minimum 30% from within the
region).
Environmental: Procurement process advocates Green purchasing (minimum 20% of food/ beverages,
laundry services, and cosmetics procured from organic suppliers).
Guest complaint handling system. (Complaints are documented and responded to within 24 hours).
Guest feedback and satisfaction monitoring system in place.
Hotel meets all current regulations and legislative requirements to operate a Hotel. (Revised Fire Code,
Environmental Code, Air Pollution, Accessibility Law, etc.)
Business Practices
7.2 Barrier-free Facilities for Persons with Disabilities (PWD)
(Accessible Tourism) For PWD Rooms, 5% of all rooms shall be designated for PWD, but not less than 2
rooms.
Reception areas shall provide low and recessed or split-level counters that can both accommodate standing
persons and those seated on wheelchairs.
All interior doors shall have at least a width of 35 inches to accommodate big and motorized wheelchairs.

PWD Bed rooms shall have the following:

• Lever type door handles.
• Dual height peepholes with the lower one at 39 inches from the floor.
• Light switches at maximum 47 inches from the floor.
• Electrical outlets at a minimum of 18 inches from the floor.
• Bed height at maximum of 20 inches
• Easy-to-open preferably sliding closet doors.
• Dual height hanger racks with the lower rack at 55 inches from the floor.
Business Practices
PWD Bathrooms shall have the following:
• Toilet flooring of non-slippery surface materials even when wet.
• Toilet bowls should be positioned where a vertical or climbing bar shall be positioned on the wall at 12
inches from the front tip of the toilet bowl to offer support when users pull or elevate themselves to a
standing position.
• Grab bars should be placed on both sides at 28-30 inches from the floor for the safety and effective
utility, the distance between the bars not exceeding 30 inches.
• Toilet bowls should be elevated to a range of 18-20 inches from the floor.
Business Practices
At least one Elevator with PWD-friendly features:
• Can accommodate a minimum of two (2) wheelchairs.
• The exterior and interior button panels shall not exceed 47 inches from the floor.
• The panel buttons shall feature Braille signs or otherwise embossed with familiar signs for those not
educated in Braille.
• Speaker system shall also be in place to inform the blind to what floor the elevator is already at.
• Equipped with handrails placed in both sides at 28-30 inches from the floor.
Pertinent Laws
R. A. 9514
FIRE CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES
SECTION 10.2.12.3 HOTELS AND DORMITORIES
★ Requirements
○ Any ballroom assembly or exhibition hall, and other space used for purposes of public assembly
shall be in accordance, with Division 7 of this Chapter. Restaurant having a capacity of fifty (50)
or more persons shall be treated as places of assembly.
○ Any dormitory divided into suites of rooms, with one or more bedrooms opening into a living
room or study that has a door opening into a common corridor serving number of suites, shall be
classified as an apartment building.

★ Exit Details
○ Requirements:
i. Any room having a capacity of less than fifty (50) persons with an outside door at street or
ground level may have such outside door as a single exit provided that no part of the room
or area is more than fifteen and one-fourth meters (15.25 m) from the door measured
along the natural path of travel.
 ii) The same stairway or other exit required to serve any one upper floor may also serve other
upper floor, except that no inside open stairway, escalator, or ramp may serve as a
required egress from more than one floor.
★ Types of Exits
○ Doors, provided that doors in any means of egress shall not be locked against egress when the
building is occupied. Delayed egress locks may be permitted, provided that not more than one
such is located in any one egress path.
○ Stairs and smokeproof enclosures.
○ Ramps.
○ Horizontal exits.
★ Minimum Corridor Width
○ Corridors, other than those in within individual guest rooms or individual guest suites, shall be of
sufficient width to accommodate the required occupant load and shall not be less than one
hundred twelve centimeters (112 cm).
★ Number of Exits
○ Not less than two (2) exits shall be accessible from every floor, including floors below the floor of
exit discharge and occupied for public purposes.
★ Travel Distance to Exits
○ Any exit shall be such that it will not be necessary to travel more than thirty meters (30 m) from
the door of any room to reach the nearest exit.
○ Travel distance within a guest room or guest suite to a corridor door shall not exceed twenty
three meters (23 m) in buildings not protected by an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler
system.
○ Travel distance within a guest room or guest suite to a corridor door shall not exceed thirty eight
meters (38 m) in buildings protected by an approved, supervised sprinkler system.
★ Access to and Arrangement of Exits
○ Access to all required exits shall be in accordance with Section 10.2.5.2 of this IRR, shall be
unobstructed, and shall not be veiled from open view by ornamentation, curtain, or other
appurtenance.
○ Means of egress shall be so arranged that, from every point in any open area or from any room
door, exits will be accessible in at least two (2) different directions.
○ Doors between guest rooms and corridors shall be self-closing.
○ Common path of travel shall not exceed ten meters (10 m).
○ Dead end corridors shall not exceed six meters (6 m).
IRR OF CHAPTER XIV
“HOTELS, MOTELS, AND
APARTMENTS, LODGING, BOARDING
OR TENEMENT HOUSES AND
CONDOMINIUMS” OF THE CODE ON
SANITATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
(P.D. 856)
SANITARY REQUIREMENTS
★ Toilet, Bathroom, and Handwashing Facilities
○ For a common bathroom, the male guest room shall have a minimum of one (1) water closet, one
(1) urinal, one (1) lavatory, one (1) shower head for every (5) lettable rooms while the female
guest room shall have a minimum of one (1) water closet, one (1) lavatory, one (1) shower head
for every three (3) lettable rooms.
○ Employees bathrooms and locker rooms for each gender shall be provided Number of fixtures
relative to the number of personnel per shift shall be as follows:
Number of Water Closet Urinal Wash Hand Basin
Persons Stalls
Male Female Male Female

1-29 1 1 1 1 1

30-49 1 1 1 2 2

50-99 2 2 2 3 3

100-up One (1) fixture unit for each additional 50 employees

○ Showers: one (1) for every 15 employees
○ Drinking Fountains: one (1) for every 75 employees
○ Locker Rooms: located adjacent to the sleeping quarter/changing room
○ Rest Space: adequate for all employees resting per shift
○ Function rooms/conference rooms and other similar facilities used by guests/visitors of the
establishment shall be provided with the following sanitary facilities:
Number of Water Closet Urinal Wash Hand Basin
Persons Stalls
Male Female Male Female

1-100 1 1 1 1 1

101-200 2 2 1 1 1

201-400 3 3 2 2 2

401-600 4 4 3 3 3

One (1) fixture unit for each additional 100 persons

○ Hotels and other similar establishments with Class A restaurants/coffee shops and other food
outlets including disco, bars, night clubs shall be provided with the following sanitary facilities:

Number of Water Closet Urinal Wash Hand Basin

Persons Stalls
Male Female Male Female

1-49 1 1 1 1 1

50-60 1 2 1 1 1

61-120 2 2 2 2 2

One (1) fixture unit for each additional 60 persons

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS
★ Site Requirements
○ The establishment shall be located in areas or zones designated by existing laws or ordinances
for that type of building or development project.
○ It shall be accessible to transport.
○ It shall be located in area considered safe from potential sources of pollution and nuisances.
○ It shall be located in an area which receives sufficient amount of sunlight.
○ There shall be adequate parking area for personnel and guests/occupants.
★ Guest Room and Sleeping Room Requirements
○ Guest rooms (including the bathroom) in hotels/motels and other similar establishments shall
have a minimum floor area of 18 square meters and at least 43.2 cubic meter of air space.
○ Height of ceilings shall not be less than 2.4 meters, if air-conditioned and 2.7 meters if not.
○ Rooms shall be adequately lighted and ventilated.
○ The floors, walls, ceilings, closets and storage areas shall be kept clean in good repair. Storage
rooms shall be provided with at least 30 cm. High platform.
○ All guest rooms shall be provided with at least 0.40 sq. m. of floor to ceiling closet space for
personal effect of each guest/boarder.
 ○ Communal cooking and dining facilities in guest/sleeping rooms are prohibited.
○ Every t/sleeping room shall have immediate access to an approved means of egress, properly
marked, leading to safe and open space at ground level or as equired by existing laws.
★ Hotels/Motels: Lobby
○ Reception area where guests ordinarily register shall be located in the establishment lobby.
○ The lobby shall be equipped with lounge, easy chairs or sofas, the number of which shall be equal
to at least 5% of the maximum number of occupants of all the lettable rooms of the
establishment.
○ Coffee shops, bars, sundry shops, and other similar facilities can be located in the lobby provided
that such location will not disturb the smooth flow of the traffic therein, will not contaminate the
food outlets, and will not be more than 25% of the total floor area of the lobby.
PD 1096
National Building
Code of the
Philippines
Building Classification

Group B – Residentials, Hotels and Apartments

Group B Occupancies shall be multiple dwelling units including boarding or

lodging houses, hotels, apartment buildings, row houses, convents,
monasteries and other similar building each of which accommodates more
than 10 persons.
Parking Slot Requirements
2.1. Division B-1
Hotels

One (1) car parking slot for every three (3) rooms or a fraction thereof for highly urbanized areas and one (1)
car parking slot for every seven (7) rooms or a fraction thereof for all other areas; and two (2) tourist bus
parking slots for each hotel; provide at least one (1) loading slot for articulated truck or vehicle

Note:
* The parking slot requirements shall be an integral part of buildings/structures and any parking slot provided
outside the building/structure will be quantified only as buffer parking.

A 12.00 meters long container van plus 4.00 meter length for the prime mover and one (1) loading slot for a
standard truck for every 5,000.00 sq. meters of gross floor area (GFA); and provide truck maneuvering area
outside of the RROW (within property or lot lines only)
Occupant Loads and Exits
Hotels

Unit Area per Occupant (sq. meters) 18.60

Minimum of Two (2) Exits Other than 10

Elevators are Required Where Number of
Occupants is Over
Setbacks
Road Right-of-Way Front Side Rear
(RROW) Width (meters) (meters) (meters)
(meters)

30.00 & above 8.00 5.00 5.00

25.00 to 29.00 6.00 3.00 3.00
20.00 to 24.00 5.00 3.00 3.00
10.00 to 19.00 5.00 2.00 2.00
Below 10.00 5.00 2.00 2.00
Required Open Space Location

*For buildings of more than two (2) storeys in height, the minimum width of the
rear or side court shall be increased at the rate of 300 millimeters for each
additional storey up to the fourteenth (14th) storey (Figure VIII.20. showing
incremental setbacks). For buildings exceeding fourteen (14) storeys in height, the
required width of the court shall be computed on the basis of fourteen (14) storeys.
BP 344
Accessibility Law
Hotels, Apartelles, Dormitories, & Other Transient Lodging Facilities
Accessible Entrances
1.1 Entrances shall be accessible from arrival and departure points to the interior lobby.

1.2 One (1) entrance levels should be provided where elevators are accessible.

1.3 In case entrances are not on the same level of the site arrival grade, accessible ramps should be
provided as access to the entrance level.

1.4 Entrances with vestibules shall be provided with a level area with at least a 1.80 m. depth and a 1.50 m.
width.
Accessible Entrances

1.5 In cases where frameless transparent glass doors and any other vertical transparent glass panels are
provided, such glass panels should be provided with horizontal or graphical patterns with contrasting gray
value color against adjacent and background colors, between 800 mm and 1.50 m. above the floor to
prevent PWDs from bumping against it.

1.6 Accessible entrance/exit of a building shall be provided with large overhanging roof (canopy) to protect
PWDs as well as non-PWDs from rain.
Corridors
2.1 Corridors shall have minimum clear width of 1.20 m to allow for both a wheelchair user and a
Non-PWD to pass. Where space is required for two (2) wheelchairs to pass, the minimum width shall be
1.80 m.

2.2 Turnabout spaces should be provided for wheelchairs to turn around; these spaces shall have a
minimum dimension of 1500 mm x 1500 mm and shall be spaced at a maximum of 12.00 m

2.3 Turnabout spaces should also be provided at or within 3.50 m. of every dead end corridor.

2.4 As in walkways, corridors should be maintained level and provided with a slip resistant surface.
Design Trends & Innovations
 Design Trends & Innovations
Broken Plan
Flexible Rooms
"Broken-plan" layouts offers more privacy to users than the open plan
Rooms with the ability to easily transform into a new area/space. It concept. It made the use of walls and partitions come back to trend.
is now a common trend because of the need to make independent According to Mary Duggan, "It deliberately challenges open-plan
living simpler. living, encompassing all family activities and allowing them to function
in tandem."

Source:
http://hmhai.com/2016-architecture-design-trends/
http://www.dezeen.com/2015/12/29/top-10-architecture-design-trends-2015-roundup/
 Design Trends & Innovations
Connected to Nature Experimenting with Technology

The trend toward eco-friendliness has infiltrated every industry,
including architecture, construction, and more. As to raise
awareness has been a campaign about the circumstances our earth
is facing, designing as one with nature has been a great trend used
by many designers. Examples are “Green Architecture”,
“Sustainable Architecture”, and the like has been very popular that
varieties of such designs were made.
Nowadays, people has better access to technology than ever before.
Meaning, the buildings of the future are going to be even more rich in
technology. Thus, many architects are looking for even more
applications of advanced technology. Example, this tech will keep
buildings and its users safer, in turn, this then could affect a design so
that this tech will have its use maximized for the building.

Source:
http://hmhai.com/2016-architecture-design-trends/
http://www.futurist.com/2016/05/26/tomorrows-architecture-today-current-trends-shaping-buildings-future/
 Design Trends & Innovations
Smart Masonry
Masonry in architecture is often described as heavy and massive.
However, ZAarchitects made a proposal to change masonry buildings, the
Smart Masonry. With the help of modern technology, the skeletal structure
of the Smart Masonry was made to be incredibly light but still structurally
efficient.

The overall form of the structure is derived with basic geometries and
manipulating them according to structural efficiency, with a technique
known as “positive casting” used to conserve resources and to produce
the design's unique elements and geometries.

Source:
http://www.archdaily.com/609108/digitized-bricks-zaarchitects-develop-smart-masonry
 Design Trends & Innovations
Sweating Rooftop
Researchers from ETH Zurich developed synthetic mats that make roofs
sweat, a new suggested way that can help to cool down buildings without
using up electricity.

For the sweating mats, the researchers used a special polymer,

abbreviated to PNIPAM, which is protected by a water-permeable
membrane. The rooftop material absorbs water when it rains and
releases it if the material becomes warmer than thirty-two degrees in
direct sunlight. The resulting evaporation will in turn keep the house
cool—much like the process of human sweat.

Source:
http://architizer.com/blog/material-trends-for-2014-and-beyond/
http://www.ethlife.ethz.ch/archive_articles/120102_schwitzende_daecher_fb/index_EN
Room Design Standards
Guest Rooms
Length & Width determined by:

● No. of furniture
● Degree of luxury

Types of rooms:

1. Twin-Bedded room
2. Single Occupancy Room
3. Studio Room/ Suites
**All photos and reference from: TIMESAVER STANDARDS FOR BUILDING TYPES by Joseph de Chiara & John Callender
TWIN-BEDDED ROOM

Smallest unit will have a pair of twin

beds.

● Best layout of bedroom/ area =

nightstand in between beds
● Queen-sized bed to
accommodate 2 ppl/ bed
● 4-4.5 m = min. Width
● Sleeping facilities + Sitting
Facilities
● May include: Dresser w
drawers, Dressing/writing table,
Luggage stand, Stools, Dining
table
TWIN-BEDDED ROOM

Smallest unit will have a pair of twin

beds.

● Best layout of bedroom/ area =

nightstand in between beds
● Queen-sized bed to
accommodate 2 ppl/ bed
● 4-4.5 m = min. Width
● Sleeping facilities + Sitting
Facilities
● May include: Dresser w
drawers, Dressing/writing table,
Luggage stand, Stools, Dining
table
STUDIO ROOM

To enable guest to use his room as a true sitting

room

● Decibel rating of wall is to be

considered
● Provide a storage room per
floor to accommodate furniture
moving in/out of the suite
● May include: Dining table w
chairs, Dual sleep pieces,
Business Desk, Lounge Chairs w
accessory table
● Suite sitting room connects
bedrooms
● May be separated by foyers
 Space Allocation Program:

Major Space 1. Rooms Division

Requirements
2. Public Facilities
3. Support Facilities and Services
4. Hotel Administration
Common spaces in a Hotel
Rooms Division
The total sq. ft. area for the guest room block varies between 65-75% of the total
floor area of the hotel including living space, bathroom and water closet as follows:

- Budget category hotel: 200-275 sq. ft. (60-84 sq. meters)

- Standard hotel: 275-325 sq. ft. (84-100 sq. meters)
- First Class hotel: 325-375 sq. ft. (100-115 sq. meters)
- Luxury hotel: 375-450 sq. ft. (115-137 sq. meters)

Dimension of corridor on guestroom floor:

- 6 ft. (1.80m) if guest room doors open outwards
- 5 ft. (1.50m) if guest room doors are open inwards.
Public Facilities
(Restaurants, Spa, Lobby, Washrooms, Banquets, Conference Halls, Lounge etc.)
Public Facilities
A.) LOBBY
- 2 to 6 % of the total floor area of the hotel
Main lobby: 7 to 10sq. ft. /guestroom (2.10 - 3.00 sq.m.)
Seating area: 0.7 to 1 sq. ft. / guestroom (0.20 - 0.30 sq.m.)
Front Desk: 3 to 4 sq. ft. / guestroom (0.90 - 1.20 sq.m.)
Left Luggage Room: 0.5 to 1 sq. ft. / guestroom (0.15 - 0.30 sq.m.)
Public washrooms: 0.5 to 1 sq. ft. / guestroom for gents and ladies (0.15 -
0.30 sq.m.)
Public Facilities
B.) RETAIL SHOP AND DESK OPERATIONS
- The size of the outlet can range from 100 to 1200 sq ft (30-365 sq.m.)
- Desk Operations-table space to carry out tasks like airline ticketing , car
rentals, tourist guides etc.)The scope is dependent on market requirement.

C.) DINING ROOM AND LAWN

- 4 to 6% of the total floor area of the hotel
Coffee shop- 15 to 18 sq. ft./ seat (4.50 - 5.40 sq.m.)
Specialty Restaurant-18 to 20 sq. ft./ seat (5.40 - 6.00 sq.m.)
Formal dining- 20 to 22 sq. ft./ seat (6.00 - 6.70 sq.m.)
Cocktail lawn- 15 to 18 sq. ft./ seat (4.50 - 5.40 sq.m.)
Public Facilities
D.) FUNCTION SPACE
- Function space could be of various nature:
Ball room- 10 to 12 sq. ft./ seat (3.00-3.60 sq.m.)
Conference / Meeting room- 10 to 12 sq. ft./ seat (3.00-3.60 sq.m.)
Board room- 12 to 16 sq. ft./ seat (3.60- 4.80 sq.m.)
Public washroom- 0.4 to 0.6 sq. ft./ seat (0.12-0.18 sq.m.)
Pre function area – 25 to 40 % of the meeting room area
Public Facilities
E.) RECREATIONAL FACILITY
- Can range from none to extensive depending on market requirement
Swimming pool- 10 -20 sq ft./ guest room. (3.00-6.00 sq.m.)
Locker/Shower/Toilet Area- 0.2 sq ft./ guest room (0.06 sq.m.)
Health Club- 0.2 sq ft./ guest room (0.06 sq.m.)
Greenery required- 1500 sq. ft. lump sum (457.00 sq.m.)
Circulation Area- It varies from 15 to 20 % of the total public area
(excluding meeting room area as it is already considered under pre
function area)
Support Facilities & Services
- Required to run the public facilities
- 10 to 15 % of the total floor area of the hotel which depends upon the public
facilities provided by the hotel.

1. Food Preparation
a. Coffee shop kitchen : 10 to 25% of the coffee shop area
b. Main dining room kitchen (Any specialty restaurant): 30 to 45% of the
specialty restaurant area.
c. Banquet kitchen (formal dining): 20 to 30% of the meeting room area.
Support Facilities & Services
2. Room Service : 01 sq ft/ guestroom
a.) F&B Storage area (dry fruits, liquor etc. ): 35 to 40 % of kitchen space.

3. Receiving
a.) Receiving office-0 .3 to 0.5 sq ft/guestroom
b.) Receiving platform- 100 to 250 sq ft

4. Hotel Employee facilities

a.) Locker/ restrooms- 06 to 10 sq. ft/ guestroom
b.) Cafeteria- 04 sq ft/ employee
Support Facilities & Services
c.) Lounge- 01 sq ft/ guestroom

5. Housekeeping
a.) Laundry- 07 sq ft./ guest room
b.) Linen storage( not on the guest floor) – 03 sq ft./ guest room
c.) Guest Laundry ( receive and dispatch area) – 0.8 to 1.5 sq ft./ guest room
d.) Uniform Issuing- 01 sq ft./ guest room

6. Other storage areas, Maintenance and MISCELLANEOUS

a.) Hotel general storage- 03 to 07 sq ft./ guest room
b.) Meeting room storage- 01 to 1.5 sq ft./ seat OR 10 to 20% of meeting room
area
Support Facilities & Services
c.) Miscellaneous storage (Garbage, empty bottles, cans etc.)- 01 to 1.8 sq ft./
guest room
d.) Telephone switch board and equipment- 1.3 to 02 sq ft./ guest room
e.) Computer room (Main server along with battery backup)- 01 to 1.5 sq ft./
guest room
f.) Mechanical, Electrical and Air handling rooms and systems- 13 to 18 sq ft./
guest room .
g.) Maintenance workshop- 05 sq ft./ guest room
h.) Security- 0.3 to 0.6 sq ft./ guest room
i.) Circulation- 10% of the total area for support facilities and services
Hotel Administration
- Can range between 01 to 02 % of the total floor area of the hotel
- It includes the Executive Offices as well as Sales, Accounting Personnel and any
other admin support offices.
Business Hotel Requirements
“Back of the House”
● Loading dock should be covered so deliveries can be made regardless of
weather
● A tight control at the point of entry and egress of all employees is highly
desirable and can easily be accomplished if it is the same point as that at which
food and other hotel supplies are brought in .
● Locker rooms should be provided with ample toilet facilities and showers.
● Service elevators should be near locker rooms
● For convenience, a trash chute (Fig . 2), going from every typical floor service
area, should be located next to the linen chute. This will force an arrangement
where the trash room is close or adjacent to the soiled linen room and both of
these are near the service entrance for ease in pickup .
Laundry Facilities
● Many hotels avail themselves of city laundry service, in which case there is no
laundry room at all or only a small laundry which handles towels only .
● A hotel laundry that does its own uniforms and flatwork (sheets, pillowcases,
linens, etc.) requires a good-sized space for washers, dryers, drum ironers, and
various pressing machines-each suitable for its own type of flatwork.
● If the laundry is done by a laundry service out of the hotel, then items like
towels require a comparatively small space for washing and drying, since only
washers and fluff dryers are necessary, together with an area for folding and
stacking the clean towels.
● Larger hotels will maintain their own cleaning department for dry cleaning and
pressing of woolens and similar garments .
At present some "no iron" linens are in use, thus eliminating some of the large ironers.
Housekeeping Department
● Basically a storage area, for here are kept all the supplies that become a part of
housekeeping .
● A place for a seamstress - rooms depend on number of seamstress
● Offices or area of Chief Housekeeper and assistant floor housekeepers can be
found here.
● Locker area requirements may depend upon whether or not the employees
come in uniform or have hanging racks.
Food & Beverage Service
● Food service personnel enter their traffic flow, they should have no contact
with either guests or other house personnel with the obvious exception of
waiters.
● Make sure that food goes only to the room it’s supposed to and nowhere else.
● The bakery shop should be a separate entity, having its own refrigerator boxes
as well as all the pertinent equipment that a baker will use
● Kitchens are divided into different sections/sectors which consist of a rough
cooking area, a pot-washing area situated close to the first area and a finished
cooking area.
● Larger hotels will provide an employee's' cafeteria. This space is usually planned
to be close to the help's locker rooms and yet contiguous to the main kitchen.
Food & Beverage Service
● Dry-storage rooms or liquor storage and cold holding rooms must be provided.
● Near the waiter’s line of traffic there will be a garde-manger section which is a
cool and ventilated area for cold dishes to be prepared
● Dishwashing is a noisy but important process, its area must be isolated from the
actual cooking and serving area but fairly close to the dining area.
● A chef’s office must be enclosed in glass to allow the chef to observe the
kitchen.
● Service area must have sufficient space for a large number of rolling tables and
must be close to the cooking area, garde-manger area and as much as possible
the service elevators.
● Depending on the size of the hotel, the kitchen may require a separate banquet
kitchen.
Mechanical and Maintenance Space
● There should be provision for an engineer's office, with a mechanical repair
shop close by to these spaces.
● Big storage rooms for spare parts should easily be accessible.
● Each mechanical room will be of a size and shape that will satisfy the
requirements for all the creature comforts that a modern hotel has to offer
● Office of the head of food and beverage department can be found here.
● There is a clerical support area to handle the spaces
Utilities and Core of High Rise
Buildings
Concerns for High Rise Buildings
● Lateral Loads
○ Wind Load
○ Seismic Load
● Gravity Load
○ Dead Load
○ Live Load
○ Snow Load*
● Special Load cases
○ Blast Load
○ Impact Load
Concerns for High Rise Buildings
● Lateral Loads
○ Wind Load
○ Seismic Load
● Gravity Load
○ Dead Load
○ Live Load
○ Snow Load*
● Special Load cases
○ Blast Load
○ Impact Load
Cores
● Court/Atrium ● Elevator shafts (elevator cars & equipment inside)
● Elevator lobby
● Lift Lobby
● Staircases
● Stairs ● Fire-protected lobbies
● Escalator ● AHU
● Capsule Lift ● Toilets
● Ancillary rooms
● Ducts ○ Pantry, space for cleaning mat’ls, etc.)
● Fire Escape ● Mechanical vertical services riser ducts
○ Electrical power & lighting distribution, water
distribution, sewerage pipes
● Electrical vertical service riser
Types of Cores
● Central Core
● Single Core
● Double Core
Typology of Core
Central Core

● Advantages
○ Allows all window space to be utilized
○ Permits rooms to varying depth to receive natural
light
○ Suitable in terms of access and may be equidistant
from all sides
○ Simplifies area division
● Disadvantage
○ Central interior location limits the depth of the
offices/rooms
■ Requires an access corridor around its
perimeter
Typology of Core
Off Center Core

● Advantages
○ Permits all windows and the building perimeter
space to be used for rooms/spaces
○ Has more flexibility depth and arrangement of
spaces
○ Can be desirable where large open spaces are
required
● Disadvantage
○ Some problems with accessibility
○ Less suitable for the distant spaces and corners of
bldgs.
Typology of Core
Exterior Core

● Advantages
○ Leaves the entire floor area of the building
available for use
○ Core doesn’t complicate the floor plan either
functionally or structurally
○ Max. flexibility is achieved with respect to
distribution of room depth and plan layout
● Disadvantage
○ Core occupied desirable window spaces
Typology of Core
Double Core

● Advantages
○ Placed on east & west side, thus, provide buffer
zones and minimum air-conditioning is required
○ Window openings run through north and south
○ Lift lobbies, stairways and toilets are naturally
ventilated and a view out is possible
● Disadvantage
○ Becomes costly when building is not that big
Two Types of Structural Systems for High Rise
● Interior Structural System
Clustering Steel Columns and Beams in the
core
● Implications:
○ Core can be used as a central vertical movement
throughout the building
○ Allows more open space compared to its
alternative
Two Types of Structural Systems for High Rise
● Exterior Structural System
Columns and beams are moved from the core
to the perimeter of the structure.

● Implications:
○ As strong as its alternative but
significantly lighter
Interior Structural Systems
● Rigid Frame
● Shear Wall Structure
● Outrigger Structure
Interior Structural Systems
Interior Structural Systems
Exterior Structural Systems
1. Tube System
● Framed Tube
● Braced Tube
● Bundled Tube
● Tube in Tube
2. Diagrid Systems
3. Space Truss
4. Exoskeleton System
5. Super Frame Structures
Tube Systems

Tube in Tube

Framed Bundled Tube Braced Tube

Tube
Exterior Structural Systems
● Space Frame
Bank of China, Hong
Kong

● Exo-skeleton
Structure
Hotel de las Artes

Superframe Structure
Construction Materials
1. Concrete
2. Glass
3. Steel
4. Cladding material
5. High Alumina Cement
(roofs and floors)
○ Contains bauxite instead of
clay, cement, Portland
cement of limestone, silica
Construction Materials
1. Concrete
○ Cellular concrete of clay-gypsum & invention of light weight concrete
2. Ferro Concrete
○ Layer of fine mesh saturated with cement
3. Gunite (Shot Crete)
○ Compressed air to shoot concrete onto (or into) a frame or structure
○ Used against vertical soil o rock surfaces to eliminate the need for formwork
4. Glass
○ Float glass with double glass for tall buildings
○ Tempered glass is used instead of plain glass, as that would shatter at such height
Utilities
Equipment Type Floor Area Requirement Required Height (Meters)
(Percentage)

Centralized Mechanical 1.5 - 4 2.75 - 5.5

Equipment Room - Refrigeration
Machine, Cooling/Heating Unit,
and Pumps

Air-handling Unit Room

All-air 2.0 - 4.0 2.75 - 5.5

Air-water 0.5 - 1.5 2.75 - 5.5

All-water 1

Cooling tower 0.25 2.13 - 4.92

Packaged (rooftop) 1 1.52 - 3.02

Split units 1.0 - 3.0 2.44 - 2.74

Structural Consideration and
Alternatives
Structural Alternatives
1. Timber Framework - structural components of the building primarily make use
of timber as their main material. This structural alternative was used to be able
to promote a more sustainable approach by using a locally available sustainable
material.
- Example: Treet, Bergen, Norway makes use of prefabricated building modules
combined with a glulam structure and a bit of concrete to add weight
2. Modular Construction- building construction is divided into segments and each
segment or building unit is factory-made to be sent and assembled on site
- Example: Soho Apartments, Darwin, Australia, 29 floor modular building which
makes use of a core and outrigger system to gain building stability
Structural Consideration
In terms of design:

“Wind intensity is directly proportional to the Height of the structure, unless a point
of entry is given”

Wind motion is strong in the upper strata of the of the building zone due to less mass
interference, which tends to ruin the rather linear but fluid density movement of air.
Such wind motion is an imperative load that can cause irregular deflection of certain
members, and may contribute to the shortening of strength due to constant stress in
due time.
Structural Consideration
In terms of design:

“Wind intensity is directly proportional to the Height of the structure, unless a point
of entry is given”

An effective design solution to solve is to un hinder the motion of air, such as

providing large gaping openings to allow free flow of air, and by providing smooth
channels and finish to slow down the air velocity and density of air.
Structural Consideration
In terms of design:

“The taller a structure, the more it tapers downward”

Taken from the design of the Burj Khalifa, ideally when a structure is tapered, there
is a balance in load distribution and transferring of transverse load to the foundation
is equally distributed, as opposed to no tapering designs. Load reduced as it goes up
is beneficial to the engineering computation. And reduced mass of structure at the
top allows for the wind to easily pass through, avoiding structural deflection on vital
points where stress exists.
Structural Consideration
In terms of design:

“Reduction of heavy materials, make use of lightweight materials”

The mass use of glass in place of structural concrete as wall covering can be
beneficial in the reduction of load as it goes up. By reducing load the concept of the
structural failure due to massive density is avoided. Also, technology has devised
many ways to reduce entry of heat within the structure.
Structural Consideration
In terms of design:

“Depth of foundation plays an effective role in building deflection”

The concept of “short is much more rigid than long” also plays a role in the design of
the structure of the building. But such is only effective if the load is distributed
efficiently without compromise with the appurtenances of the core of the buildings.
High rise building’s foundation should not be as too long that it may cause deflection
within the midsection of the structure.
Structural Consideration
In terms of design:

“Fluidity of structural members counteracts seismic activities”

Members of the buildings should be designed in a modular, non-locking manner. The

more stiff and rigid a structural member is, the more it is prone to damages caused
by seismic shaking. Allowing fluidity within the parts of the structure allows it to
distribute the seismic wave without faulting or breaking.