IoT

Technology and Architecture

Dr. Sarwan Singh
Deputy Director(S)
NIELIT Chandigarh
 With Amazon testing its Drone Delivery
Program, and the launch of Google Glass

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Call IoT platform
Data Store
Architecture
(RDBMS) Analytics &
Rules
Visualization
Engine
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P
Process Automation
Http over
Data Arshbir. REST
Handling Resource Mgmt
com
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication
Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
4 Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication
 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Call IoT platform
Data Store
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Architecture
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

5
 Collect Process
sensor Send with
informa to ambient
tion cloud info

Pre- Receive Trigger

process it user actuator
input

6
 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Architecture Call
Data Store IoT platform
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

7
 Hardware

Development
Types Chip vendors
boards
• Microcontroller • ARM • Arduino
• Microprocessor • Atmel • ARM
• SoCs • TI • Raspberry Pi
• Intel • Beaglebone
• Atmel
• Intel Galileo/
Gen2/ Edison

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 Microcontroller

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 System on Chip

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 Arduino + Shields

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 Raspberry Pi , Beaglebone

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 Node vs Gateway

Parameter Node Gateway

Cost $10 $80
Power Battery Continuous
Communication Short Range Wireless Cloud

Computing Power Low Meduim

Size 1” 6”
Unique IP Not necessary Most likely

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Communication Call IoT platform
Data Store
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

15
 Radio frequency

Components Typical Bands Examples/Protocols

• transmitter • 433MHz • ZigBee

• Receiver • 868 MHz • Z-wave
• Transceivers recommended for • Bluetooth
• System on Chip India • BLE
• 2.4 GHz • Wi-Fi
• Proprietary

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Communication
 Cloud Communication

Components Channels Examples/Protocols

• Gateway • Wifi • Http/Https

• Server • Ethernet • TCP/IP
• GSM/GPRS • UDP
• LTE • MQTT
• 3G • CoAP
• PLC • XMPP

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Call IoT platform
Data Store
Rules Analytics &
Cloud Communication
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

19
 Cloud

Components Examples

• Streaming • AWS
• Data stores • IBM
• Rules Processing & • CISCO
Notification • Microsoft
• Device Management Systems
• Analytics and Reporting
Engines

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Data Stream Call IoT platform
Data Store
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

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 Data Streaming

Components Examples Approach

• streaming • Tomcat • REST over

Server • Jboss Http/Https
• Actuation • Websphere • Jersey reference
• Over the • Mosquitto implementation
Air • Node.js – TCP/IP • Entire functionality
Updates over REST services
• REST over CoAP
under development

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Data Store Call IoT platform
Data Store
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

23
 Data Store

Sql NoSql Approach

• Oracle • Key value – • Hybrid

• MySQL Redis, Amazon • Hibernate
Simple DB • Modularization
• Column –
Cassandra Hbase
• Document –
CouchDB,
MangoDB
• Graph - Neo4J

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Event Processing Call IoT platform
Data Store
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

25
 Event Processing
Components Examples Approach

• Real time • Oracle CEP • Custom Rules

analytics • Sidhi Engine
• Quick • Altibase • Simple Rules
processing • Microsoft based on UI
• Processing based StreamInsight Scripting
on • Plugin
• Stream info mechanism for
• Patterns more complex
rules
• Combination
of rules

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Analytics Call IoT platform
Data Store
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

27
 Analytics

Components Examples Approach

• Real time • Hadoop • MangoDB –

• Offline Ecosystem Map Reduce
• Visualization • Spark • NVD3 –
• MangoDB Visualization
• D3 • Real time
• Tableau Dashboards
• Domain
ontologies

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 Analytics Maturity

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 What is Visual Analytics
 Science of analytical reasoning facilitated by visual
interactive interfaces
 Integrates new computational and theory-based
tools with innovative interactive techniques and
visual representations to enable human-
information discourse
 Design is based on human cognitive and
perceptual principles

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Call
Device Management
Data Store IoT platform
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming
System

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

31
 UI Technologies

Components Examples Approach

• Business • Angular JS • Spring MVC

logic • Google • Bootstrap
• Data Store Toolkit and JQuery
• Visualization • Spring MVC • Hibernate
• Integration / rails • mySQL
and Services • Ruby on
Rails

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 SMS Email
Arshbir.com
Security Call IoT platform
Data Store
Rules Analytics &
(RDBMS)
Engine Visualization
Device Mgmt
REST Services- Data Streaming

GPRS WiFi CoA MQTT

P Http over
Process Automation
Data Arshbir.
Handling Resource Mgmt
com REST
Communication

RF Z-Wave ZigBee BLE

IoT Device IoT Device
communication Process Automation Process Automation
IoT Data Data
Resource Mgmt Resource Mgmt
Device Handling Handling
Communication Communication

Sensors & Actuators

33
 Security

Components Examples Approach

• Wireless • DTLS • HTTPS

communication • Https • Pseudo Random
• Communication • BLE Numbers
with server • Proprietary
• Security of Data Encoding /
in Cloud Decoding
• Fused code on
Chip
• AWS security
infrastructure

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 Why IoT security difficult ? .... because

 Wireless communication
 Physical insecurity
 Constrained devices
 Potentially sensitive data
 Lack of standards
 Heterogeneity : weakest link problem
 A systems, not software problem
 Classic web/internet threats
 Identity management & dynamism
 Inconvenience and cost
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 Threats to IoT systems
 The physical devices
 Can be stolen
 Can be modified
 Can be replaced
 Can be cloned

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  The software
 Can be modified (firmware/OS/middleware)
 Can be decompiled to extract credentials
 Can be exhausted (denial of service)

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  The network
 Eavesdropping
 Man-in-the-middle attacks
 Rerouting traffic
 Theft of bandwidth

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 Challenges and technology trends

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 Power
Chip ULP Active Sleep
Bench Mode Mode
Score
Atmel L21 185 35uA 200nA

TI MSP 432 167 90uA 800nA

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 Solid State Battery

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 Bio Batteries

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