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27 YEARS
PAST
PAPERS
IN ACCORDANCE
WITH
THE EXERCISE
(2018 included)

XI-Mathematics
FROM THE DESK OF: FAIZAN AHMED
SUBJECT SPECIALIST
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CHAPTER # 01 SETS

Exercise: 1.1
Let U = {0, 1, 2, 3} , A = {0, 1} , B = {1, 2} , C = {2, 3}. 1991
Prove that: A x (BUC) = (AxB) U (AxC)
If A = {2, 3}, B = {3, 4} and C = {4, 5} prove that A x (BC) = (AxB)  (A x C). 1992
If U = {1, 2, . . . ,6} , A = {1, 2, 3}, B = {1, 3, 5} and C = {2, 4, 6}, find (A – C) 1994
and verify that: A  B ⊂ A ⊂ A U B
State De Morgan’s law and verify it when A={3,4}, B={3,4} and U={1,2,3,4,5} 1995,2002
Verify the property A x (B U C) = (A x B) U (A x C) in the following sets:
A = {a, b} , B = {b, c} C = {c, d} 1997 A = {0, 2, 4}, B = {1, 2} and C = {3, 4} 1998
U = {0, 1, 2, 3} , A = {0, 1} , B = {1, 2} , C = {2, 3} 1991
Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}; A = {1, 2, 3, 4} , B = {1, 3, 4, 5}. 1999
Show that (A  B)’ = A’ U B’
Let U = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3} , B = {3, 4}, C = {5, 6}. Show that (B – C)’ = B’ 2000
If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} and A = {2, 3}, B = {3, 4}, C = {4, 5}. Find (A x B)  (A x C) 2001
If A = {2, 3}, B = {3, 4} , C = {c, f} and U = {2, 3, 4, c, f}, find (A x B) U (A x C) 2003
and B’ – A’
If A = {1, 2, 4, }, B = {2, 3, 4}, U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} find (A U B)’ and (A  A’)’. 2004
If A and B are the subsets of the universal set U, then prove that 2005
A U B = A U (A’  B).
If A and B are the subsets of a set U, then prove that AB = A(A,  B) 2006
If U = {a,b,c,d,e} , A = {a,b,c}, B = {b,c,d}; find (AB’)’. 2007
If A = {2,3}, C = {4,5}, find A x (B U C) 2008

CHAPTER # 02 SET OF REAL AND COMPLEX

NUMBER SYSTEM
Exercise: 2.1

Exercise: 2.2
Q.2 Find the additive and multiplicative inverse of:
(𝟏, −𝟑) 1995 (𝟐 – 𝟑𝒊) 1998 (𝟓, 𝟐) 2000 (𝟑, −𝟒) 2003 (𝟑, −𝟓) 2008
Q.2 Define modulus and the conjugate of complex number 𝒛 = 𝒙 + 𝒊𝒚, where 𝒊 = 2001
𝟏+𝒊
√−𝟏 . If 𝒛 = 𝟏−𝒊 , then show that 𝒛. 𝒛̅ = |𝒛|𝟐 .
Q.3 Solve the complex equation:
(i) (𝒙, 𝒚)(𝟐, 𝟑) = (𝟓, 𝟖) 2002,2004 (ii) (𝒙 + 𝟑𝒊)𝟐 = 𝟐𝒚𝒊 1991,2011
𝟐 (𝟐, 𝟑)(𝒙, 𝒚) = (− 𝟒, 𝟕)
(iii) (𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚𝒊) = 𝒙𝒊 1998,2005, 2000,2007,2010,2015
2018
Solve the complex equation for x and y: 2018
𝒙(𝟏 + 𝟐𝒊) + 𝒚(𝟑 + 𝟓𝒊) = −𝟑𝒊 (𝒘𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒆 𝒊 = √−𝟏)
Q.5(i) If 𝒛𝟏 = 𝟏 + 𝒊, 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊 then evaluate |𝟓𝒛𝟏 − 𝟒𝒛𝟐 |. 2003,2007,2008
Q.5(ii),(iii) If 𝒛𝟏 = 𝟏 + 𝒊, 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟑 − 𝟐𝒊, evaluate: (i) (̅̅̅) 𝒁 1994
𝒛 𝟐 (ii) 𝒁𝟏
𝟐
Q.8(i) Show that (𝟏 − 𝒊)𝟒 is a real number. 1995
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Q.9 Show that 𝒛 = 𝟏 ± 𝒊 satisfies the equation 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟐𝒛 + 𝟐 = 𝟎. 1992

E.g. Pg29 If 𝒛 = (𝒙, 𝒚), then show that 𝒛. 𝒛̅ = |𝒛|𝟐 2006
E.g. Pg30 Prove that: |𝒛𝟏 . 𝒛𝟐 | = |𝒛𝟏 ||𝒛𝟐 |, where 𝒛𝟏 , 𝒛𝟐 are the complex numbers. 1997,1993,2004
𝟑 −𝟒 1999
Prove that (𝟐𝟓 , 𝟐𝟓 ) is the multiplicative inverse of (𝟑, 𝟒).
Express 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗 in terms of conjugate co-ordinates. 1991,2008
Divide (𝟒 + 𝒊) by (𝟑 – 𝟒𝒊). 1999
Multiply:
(𝒙, 𝟑𝒚). (𝟐𝒙, −𝒚) 1992 (−𝟑 , 𝟓) by (𝟐, −𝟏) 1999 𝒂 −𝒃 2006
(𝒂 , 𝒃) ( , 𝒂𝟐+𝒃𝟐) = (1,0)
𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐

Exercise: 2.3
Q.2(iii) Is there a complex number whose additive and multiplicative inverse are equal? 1998
Q.3 Separate into real and imaginary parts:
𝟏+𝟐𝒊 𝟏+𝟐𝒊 2000 (𝟐+𝒊)𝟐 1996 √𝟑+𝒊 2002 𝟕+𝟓𝒊 2003
𝟐−𝒊
and hence find | 𝟐−𝒊
| 𝟑−𝟒𝒊 √𝟑−𝒊 𝟒+𝟑𝒊
𝟏+𝟐𝒊 𝟐 𝒊−𝟐 2007 𝒊(𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊) 2008 √𝟐+𝒊 2017
𝟑−𝟒𝒊
+𝟓= 𝟓𝒊
2016 √𝟐−𝒊
𝟏+𝟑𝒊 𝟐 −𝟒 𝟕 2001
Verify that: 𝟑−𝟓𝒊 + 𝟏𝟕 = 𝟏𝟕
+ 𝟏𝟕 𝒊

CHAPTER # 03 EQUATIONS

Exercise: 3.1
Q.2 Find the value of ‘k’ by synthetic division method so that (𝒙 – 𝒊) is a factor of P(x) 1997
where 𝑷(𝒙) = 𝟐𝒌𝒙𝟒 + 𝟕𝒙𝟑 + 𝒌𝒙𝟐 + 𝟕𝒙 − 𝟏.
Q.2 For what value of k will (𝒙 + 𝟓) be a factor of 𝟐𝒙𝟑 + 𝒌𝒙𝟐 – 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏𝟓? 2004

Exercise: 3.2

Exercise: 3.3
Q.1 Find all the cube roots of -8 in terms of 𝝎. 2017
Q.1 Show that all cube roots of -27 are −𝟑, −𝟑𝝎, −𝟑𝝎𝟐, where 𝝎 and 𝝎𝟐 are the 2001,2006
complex cube roots of unity.
E.g.03 Prove that the cube roots of −𝟏𝟐𝟓 are −𝟓, −𝟓𝝎, −𝟓𝝎𝟐 and their sum is zero. 2015
Pg 51 (where 𝝎 being the complex cube roots of unity)
Q.3(i) 𝟕 𝟕 1993
−𝟏 + √−𝟑 −𝟏− √−𝟑
Show that: ( 𝟐
) +( 𝟐
) +𝟏=𝟎
Q.2(iv) 𝟑 2010
If {𝟏, 𝝎, 𝝎𝟐 } are the cube roots of unity, prove that: 𝟐 + 𝝎𝟐 = 𝟐+𝝎
Show that: 𝝎𝟏𝟓𝟓 + 𝝎𝟐𝟒𝟕 + 𝒊𝟐𝟒𝟕 = 𝟎 where  is the cube root of unity and 𝒊 = √−𝟏 2000
Prove that: 𝝎𝟒𝟗 + 𝝎𝟏𝟎𝟏 + 𝝎𝟏𝟓𝟎 = 𝟎, where 𝝎 is a complex cube root of unity. 2003

Exercise: 3.4
Solve:
Q.12 (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟓)𝟒 + (𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏)𝟒 = 𝟖𝟐 1991,1992, 𝒙+𝟏𝟔 𝒙 𝟐𝟓 2013
√ + √𝒙+𝟏𝟔 = 𝟏𝟐
1992 𝒙
Q.14 𝟏 + 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝒙𝟑 + 𝒙𝟒 = 𝟎 1997 𝒙−𝟑 𝒙+𝟑 𝟒
+ 𝒙−𝟑 = 𝟐 𝟏𝟓 2008
𝒙+𝟑
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Q.16 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 2018 𝒚−𝟐

+
𝒚+𝟐
=
𝟑𝟒 2016
(𝒙 + ) = 𝟒 (𝒙 − ) 𝒚+𝟐 𝒚−𝟐 𝟏𝟓
𝒙 𝒙
Q.17 (𝒙 + 𝟔)(𝒙 + 𝟏)(𝒙 + 𝟑)(𝒙 − 𝟐) + 𝟓𝟔 = 𝟎 2012 𝒙𝟒 + 𝒙𝟑 − 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒙 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 2014
Q.18 (𝒙 – 𝟗) (𝒙 – 𝟕) (𝒙 + 𝟑) (𝒙 + 𝟏) – 𝟑𝟖𝟒 = 𝟎 2004 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 2015
(𝒕 + ) = 𝟒 (𝒕 + )
𝒕 𝒕
Q.19 √𝟐𝒙 + 𝟕 + √𝒙 + 𝟑 = 𝟏 1999 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 2005
(𝒙 − 𝒙
) + 𝟑 (𝒙 + 𝒙 ) = 𝟎
𝟏−𝒙 𝒙 𝟏𝟑 1994,2011 𝒚𝟔 – 𝟐𝟔𝒚 – 𝟐𝟕 = 𝟎
𝟑 2006
√ + √𝟏− 𝒙 =
𝒙 𝟔
(𝟐𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟒)𝟐 − 𝟏𝟐(𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙)– 𝟒𝟎 = 𝟎 𝒙 𝒂−𝒙
1995 − =a 1996
𝒂−𝒙 𝒙

Exercise: 3.5
Q.2 𝟐 1995
If the equation 𝒙 + (𝟕 + 𝒂)𝒙 + 𝟕𝒂 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 has equal roots, find the value of a.
Q.2 For what values of ‘k’ will the equation have equal roots?
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟐(𝟏 + 𝟑𝒌)𝒙 + 𝟕(𝟑 + 𝟐𝒌) = 𝟎 2002,2012
𝟐
(𝒌 + 𝟏)𝒙 + 𝟐(𝒌 + 𝟑)𝒙 + 𝟐𝒌 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 2009,2014
(𝒎 + 𝟏)𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐(𝒎 + 𝟑)𝒚 + 𝟐𝒎 + 𝟑 = 𝟎 2018
Q.3(i) 𝟏 2007,2013,2015
Prove that the roots o, the equation 𝒙𝟐 – 𝟐𝒙 (𝒎 + )+ 𝟑 = 𝟎 are real.
𝒎
Q.4(ii) Prove that the roots of the equation 𝒑𝒒𝒓𝟐 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒓(𝟑𝒑 + 𝒒𝟐 )𝒙 + 𝟑𝒑𝟐 − 𝒑𝒒 + 𝒒𝟐 = 𝟎
𝟐 2017
are rational ∀𝒑, 𝒒, 𝒓, ∊ ℚ and p,q,r are non-zero.
Q.8 For what values of p and q will both the roots of the equation 1991,2016
𝒚𝟐 + (𝟐𝒑 − 𝟒)𝒒 = 𝟑𝟏 + 𝟓 vanish?

Exercise: 3.6
Q.2 If 𝜶, 𝜷 are the roots of the equation 𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 = 𝟎; 𝒑 ≠ 𝟎, find the value of 𝜶𝟑 + 2010
𝜷𝟑 .
Q.3 If 𝜶, 𝜷 are the roots of the equation 𝒑𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 = 𝟎; 𝒑 ≠ 𝟎, 2013
𝒒 𝜶 𝜷
Prove that:√𝒑 + √ 𝜷
+√ 𝜶
=𝟎
Q.4 Form an equation whose roots are – 𝟏 + 𝒊. 1994
Q.5 𝟐
Find the condition that one root of the equation 𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 = 𝟎, 𝒑 ≠ 𝟎; may be:
(ii) Be square of the other 1994 Double of the other 1995,2005
Q.6 𝟐 2006
Find ‘k’ if one root of 𝟒𝒚 – 𝟕𝒌𝒚 + 𝒌 + 𝟒 = 𝟎 is zero.
Q.9 𝟐
If 𝜶, 𝜷 are the roots of 𝒑𝒙 + 𝒒𝒙 + 𝒓 = 𝟎, 𝒑 ≠ 𝟎; form the equation whose roots are:
𝟏 𝟏 1992,1997 𝟏 𝟏 1993
𝟐𝜶 + and 𝟐𝜷 + and 𝟑 𝟑
𝜶 𝜷 

(𝜶𝟐 + 𝜷𝟐 ) and (𝜶𝟐 + 𝜷𝟐)

𝟏 𝟏 1998 𝜶𝟐 and 𝜷𝟐 2001,2013

𝟏 𝟏
and 𝟐
2002,2014 𝜶𝟑 and 𝜷𝟑 2004,2007
𝟐 

𝜶+𝟏 +𝟏 2009 𝟏 𝟏 2012,2015

and − 𝜶𝟑 and − 𝜷𝟑
𝜶 

𝜶 + 𝟐 and 𝜷 + 𝟐 2016 𝟐𝜶 + 𝟏 and 𝟐𝜷 + 𝟏 2017

Q.9 If 𝜶, 𝜷 are the roots of x2 – 3x + 1 = 0, find the equation whose roots are: 1996
𝟏 + 𝜶 + 𝜶𝟐 and 𝟏 + 𝜷 + 𝜷𝟐
Q.9 If 𝜶, 𝜷 are the roots of the equation 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎, form the equation whose 2000,2011
roots are (𝜶 + 𝜷)𝟐 and (𝜶 − 𝜷)𝟐 .
Q.11 Find the equation whose roots are reciprocal of the roots of x2 – 6x + 8 = 0. 2008
Exercise: 3.7
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Q.6 The area of a square is numerically less than twice its diagonal by 2. Find its 2017
perimeter.

Exercise: 3.8
Old The sum of the circumferences of two circles is 24  meters and the sum of their 1991,2001
book areas is 𝟖𝟎𝝅 square meters. What are the radii of the circles?
Solve:
Q.1 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 = 𝟕 1998,2012 Q.11 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟓 2004
𝟑𝒙𝟐 – 𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒙𝒚 = 𝟐
Q.2 𝒚+𝒛=𝟓 2016 Q.12 𝒚𝒛 + 𝟏𝟓 = 𝟎 2018
𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟑𝟒 = 𝟎
𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒛𝟐 = 𝟏𝟕
Q.3 𝟒𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟐𝟓 2009 E.g05 𝟒𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 2015
𝟒 𝟑
+ =2 Pg 83 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟐𝒙 = 𝟓
𝒙 𝒚

Q.4 𝒙+𝒚=𝟓 1993,2005 𝒙– 𝒚– 𝟓 = 𝟎 2000

𝟐 𝟑 2008,2010 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟗
+ =𝟐
𝒙 𝒚
Q.6 2x2 + y2 = 13 1999 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟔𝟗 2002
5x2 – 2y2 = -8 𝒙 – 𝒚 – 𝟏𝟑 = 𝟎
Q.8 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓, 2013 𝒙𝒚 + 𝟔 = 𝟎 2007
(𝟒𝒙 – 𝟑𝒚)(𝒙 – 𝒚 – 𝟓) = 𝟎
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏𝟑
Q.10 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 – 𝟐𝟓𝒙𝒚 + 𝟏𝟐𝒚𝟐 = 𝟎 2003 𝟐𝒙 + 𝟑𝒚 = 𝟐 1991
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟓 𝟐𝒙𝟐 – 𝟑𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝟎

CHAPTER # 04
MATRICES AND DETERMINANTS
Exercise: 4.1
Q.4(ix) 𝟒 −𝟐 𝟎 𝟐 𝟑 1992
If 𝑨 = [ 𝟓 𝟔 −𝟕], C=[−𝟒 𝟎]. Then compute 𝑪𝒕 𝑨𝒕 .
−𝟑 𝟏 𝟗 −𝟏 𝟑
Q.6 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝟏 𝟎 2009
Verify that: [ ][ ]=[ ]
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 −𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝟎 𝟏
Q.6 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 2018
If 𝐴 = [ ] and 𝐵 = [ ], then verify that 𝐴𝐵 = 𝐵𝐴 = 𝐼2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Q.8(i) −𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 2017
Let 𝑨 = [−𝟏 𝟒 𝟑] and 𝑿 = [−𝟑 𝟐 −𝟒]. Find a matrix B if 𝑨 − 𝟑𝑩 = 𝟐𝑿
𝟎 𝟖 𝟓 𝟎 𝟒 𝟓
Q.10 −𝟐 𝟑 −𝟐 𝟓 2006
If possible, find the matrix X such that: [ ].𝑿 = [ ]
𝟎 𝟏 𝟖 −𝟕
Q.11 −𝟑 2001,2004,
−𝟐 𝟑 𝟏 𝒙 𝟓
Solve for x : [ ][ ] [ 𝟏 ] = [𝟐 −𝟏𝟒]𝒕 2007,2009,
𝟒 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟒 𝒙
𝟎 2016
Q.12 𝟒 𝒙+𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝒙 𝟔 2013,2015
Find 𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛 and 𝒗 so that [ ] = 𝟑[ ]+[ ]
𝒛+𝒗 𝟑 𝒛 𝒗 −𝟏 𝟐𝒗
Q.13 𝒙 𝒇 𝒈 𝒂 2002
Perform the Matrix multiplication: [𝒂 𝒃 𝒄] [ 𝒇 𝒚 𝒉] [𝒃]
𝒈 𝒉 𝒛 𝒄
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Q.14(iii) 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 1991
Verify that: (𝑨𝑿)𝒕 = 𝑿𝒕 𝑨𝒕 , where: A=[𝟐 𝟏 𝟎] and 𝑿 = [−𝟒 𝟎]
𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 −𝟏 𝟑
Q.18 𝝎 𝝎𝟐 𝟏 𝟏 𝝎 𝝎𝟐 𝟏 𝟎 1994,2008
What is a null matrix? Prove that: {[𝝎𝟐 𝟏 𝝎] + [ 𝝎 𝝎𝟐 𝟏 ]} [ 𝝎 ] = [𝟎],
𝝎 𝝎𝟐 𝟏 𝝎𝟐 𝟏 𝝎 𝝎𝟐 𝟎
Where  is a complex cube root of unity.
𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 1996
If A=[ 𝟒 𝟔 𝟖 ], Find KA and K|A| where k=2.
−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟏
Define the following terms: (i) Transpose of a matrix (ii) Diagonal matrix 2001
(iii) Scalar matrix (iv) Unit matrix
𝒊 𝟎 𝟎 𝒊 2003
If A = [ ], B = [ ], where i = √−𝟏 . Verify that A2 = B2 = −I2
𝟎 −𝒊 𝒊 𝟎

Exercise: 4.2
Using the properties of the determinants, solve for 𝒙:
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒙 1994 𝟏 𝒂 𝒃 2002,
|𝒃𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒃| = 0 |𝟏 𝒂 𝒙| = 𝟎 2004
𝒄𝟐 + 𝒂𝟐 𝒄𝟐 𝒄 𝟏 𝒙 𝒄
Using the properties of determinants, evaluate the determinant:
𝟐𝒍 + 𝒎 + 𝒏 𝒎 𝒏 1993 𝒂+𝟏 𝒂+𝟑 𝒂+𝟓 1996
| 𝒍 𝒍 + 𝟐𝒎 + 𝒏 𝒏 | |𝒂 + 𝟒 𝒂 + 𝟔 𝒂 + 𝟖 |
𝒍 𝒎 𝒍 + 𝒎 + 𝟐𝒏 𝒂 + 𝟕 𝒂 + 𝟗 𝒂 + 𝟏𝟏
𝒂+𝒙 𝒂 𝒂 2008,2012 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 1997
| 𝒂 𝒂+𝒙 𝒂 | = 𝒙𝟐 (𝟑𝒂 + 𝒙) 2014,2016 | 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 | 2000
𝒂 𝒂 𝒂+𝒙 𝒂𝟑 𝒃𝟑 𝒄𝟑
𝟏 𝒂 𝒂𝟐 1998 𝒂+𝒙 𝒂 𝒂 2015
|𝟏 𝒃 𝒃 | = (𝒂 – 𝒃)(𝒃 – 𝒄)(𝒄 – 𝒂)
𝟐 2003 | 𝒂 𝒂+𝒙 𝒂 |
𝟏 𝒄 𝒄𝟐 𝒂 𝒂 𝒂+𝒙
𝟏 𝒙 𝒚𝒛 2001 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2010
| 𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 | = (𝒂 − 𝒃)(𝒃 − 𝒄)(𝒄 − 𝒂)
|𝟏 𝒚 𝒛𝒙 (𝒙
| = – 𝒚)(𝒚 – 𝒛)(𝒛 – 𝒙) 𝒂 𝟐 𝒃 𝟐 𝒄𝟐
𝟏 𝒛 𝒙𝒚
𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝟐𝒛 𝒛 𝒛 2005 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2011
|𝜶 𝜷 𝜸 | = (𝜶 − 𝜷)(𝜷 − 𝜸)(𝜸 − 𝜶)
| 𝒙 𝒚 + 𝒛 + 𝟐𝒙 𝒙 | 𝜷𝜸 𝜸𝜶 𝜶𝜷
𝒚 𝒚 𝒛 + 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚
𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝟐𝒄 𝒄 𝒄 2017 𝟏 𝒙 𝒚𝒛 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2018
| 𝒂 𝒃 + 𝒄 + 𝟐𝒂 𝒂 | |𝟏 𝒚 𝒙𝒛 | = | 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 |
𝒃 𝒃 𝒄 + 𝒂 + 𝟐𝒃 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
= 𝟐(𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝒄)𝟑
𝟏 𝒛 𝒙𝒚 𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2007
|𝒙 𝒚 𝒛 | = (𝒙 – 𝒚) (𝒚 – 𝒛) (𝒛 – 𝒙) 2013
𝒚𝒛 𝒛𝒙 𝒙𝒚
E.g. 04 𝝎 𝟏 𝝎𝟐 1995
Evaluate: |𝝎 𝟐
Pg 115 𝝎 𝟏|
𝟏 𝝎𝟐 𝝎

Exercise: 4.3
Q.2 Define a Singular Matrix. Find the value of  for which the following matrix becomes Singular:
𝝀 𝟏 𝟎 1997 𝟓 𝟖 𝟐 2014
[𝟏 𝝀 𝟐] [𝟎 𝝀 𝟐]
𝟎 𝟐 𝝀 𝟗 −𝟖 𝟒
Q.4(i) 𝟏 𝟑 𝟓 1995
If A = [𝟐 𝟒 𝟕], then verify that 𝑨. (𝑨𝒅𝒋 𝑨) = |𝑨|𝑰𝟑
𝟗 𝟖 𝟔
 Page |7

𝟏 𝟐 𝟑 2004
Find the Adjoint of the matrix A = [ 𝟒 𝟔 𝟖 ]
−𝟏 𝟐 −𝟑

Exercise: 4.4
Q.1 Find the inverse of the Matrix by Adjoint method/ Matrix Method/ Inverse Method:
𝟐 𝟐 𝟑 1999,2008 𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏 2013
𝑨 = [ 𝟏 −𝟏 𝟎] 𝑨 = [𝟎 𝟐 𝟏 ]
−𝟏 𝟐 𝟏 𝟓 𝟐 −𝟑
𝟎 𝟏 𝟏 2007
𝑨 = [𝟏 𝟑 𝟎 ]
𝟐 𝟏 −𝟏
Solve by matrix method/ Adjoint Method/ Inverse Method.
Q.5(vii) 𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟓, 2009,2012,2015 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟐, 1998,2017
𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟕, 𝟐𝒙– 𝒚– 𝒛 = 𝟏,
𝒛+𝒙=𝟔 𝒙– 𝟐𝒚– 𝟑𝒛 = −𝟑
𝟗𝒙 + 𝟕𝒚 + 𝟑𝒕 = 𝟔, 1991,2000 2x – y + 2z = 4, 2002,2006,2010
𝟓𝒙– 𝒚 + 𝟒𝒕 = 𝟏, x + 10y – 3z = 10,
𝟔𝒙 + 𝟖𝒚 + 𝟐𝒕 = 𝟒 x–y–z = 6
2x1 – x2 +2x3 = 4, 1993 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟖, 2016
x1 +10x2 – 3x3 =10, 𝟐𝒙– 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟑,
x1+x2+x3 = -6 𝒙 + 𝒚– 𝒛 = 𝟎
Q.5 Solve the following system of equations by Cramer’s Rule:
(vii) 2014 (x) 𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝒅 2018
𝒙 + 𝒚 = 𝟓, 𝒙 + (𝟏 + 𝒅)𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟐𝒅
𝒚 + 𝒛 = 𝟕, 𝒙 + 𝒚 + (𝟏 + 𝒅)𝒛 = 𝟎
𝒛+𝒙=𝟔 (𝒅 ≠ 𝟎)

CHAPTER # 05 GROUPS
Exercise: 5.1
Q.3 Let S={A,B,C,D}, where A={1}, B={1,2}, C={1,2,3} and D= Ø. Construct the 1993,2013
multiplication Table to show that ∩ and ∪ are binary operation on “S”.
Q.5 If 𝑨 = {𝟏, −𝟏, 𝒊, −𝒊}, construct the multiplication for complex numbers 2003,2007,2010,
multiplication (∙) in A, also show that (∙) is commutative in A. 2011,2014,2015
Q.9 Define a binary operation (⋆) in Q, by 𝒂 ⋆ 𝒃 = 𝟒𝒂. 𝒃, where (. ) Represents 1997,2002
ordinary multiplication. Also show that:
(a) (⋆) is commutative.
(b) (⋆) is associative.
𝟏
(c) 𝟒 is the identity element under (⋆).
𝟏 𝟑
(d) 𝟏𝟐 is the inverse element of 𝟒 under (⋆).
Q.10 Let 𝑺 = {𝟏, 𝝎, 𝝎𝟐 }, where 𝝎 is a complex cube root of unity. Construct a 1991,1992,1994,
composition table w.r.t. multiplication on C and show that: 1998,2004,2012,
(a) Associative law holds 2013
(b) 1 is the identity element in S
(c) Each element of S has an inverse in S
Q.10 Let G= {𝟏, 𝝎, 𝝎𝟐 }, where 𝝎 is a complex cube root of unity. Show that (𝑮, ∙ ) is 2018
an abelian group, where ′ ∙ ′ is an ordinary multiplication
Q.10 Using the multiplication table, find whether ‘×’ is a binary operation on 𝑺 = 2006
{𝟏, 𝝎, 𝝎𝟐 }?
 Page |8

Q.11 Let A = {0, 1, 2, 4}, Define 𝒂 ⋆ 𝒃 = 𝒂, ∀𝒂, 𝒃 ∊ 𝑨. Construct the multiplication 1996
table for ⋆ in A.
Q.12 Let ⋆ be defined in ℤ by 𝒑 ⋆ 𝒒 = 𝒑 + 𝒒 + 𝟒, hence show that: 2001
(i) ⋆ is associative
(ii) Identity with respect to ⋆ exists in ℤ.
(iii) Every element of ℤ has an inverse under ⋆ in ℤ; where ℤ is the set of
integers.
Q.12 Let ⋆ be defined in Z, the set of all integers, as 𝒂 ⋆ 𝒃 = 𝒂 + 𝒃 + 𝟑. Show that: 2009, 2016
(a) ⋆ is commutative and associative.
(b) Identity w.r.t. * exists in ℤ.
(c) Every element of ℤ has an inverse w.r.t. ⋆.
Let us define a binary operation ⋆ in the set of rational numbers Q by 2000
𝒂 ⋆ 𝒃 = 𝟓𝒂𝒃 for ∀𝒂, 𝒃 ∊ ℚ. Prove that ⋆ is associative and commutative.
𝟏 𝟕 𝟐
Also, verify that is identity element and is the inverse element of under ⋆.
𝟓 𝟓𝟎 𝟕

Exercise: 5.2
Q.2 By drawing composition table, show that (𝑺,∗) is a groupoid if 𝑺 = {𝟐, 𝟒, 𝟔, 𝟖} 2017
and ∗ is defined on S by 𝒙 ∗ 𝒚 = 𝟒, ∀𝒙, 𝒚 ∊ 𝑺

Exercise: 5.3
Q.6 Show that (ℝ,⋆) is a group if ′ ⋆ ′ is defined in ℝ by 𝒂 ⋆ 𝒃 = 𝟕𝒂𝒃, ∀𝒂, 𝒃 ∊ ℝ. 1999
Q.7 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝒔𝒊𝒏 1997
Show that the set of all the matrices of the form [ ],  is a real
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔
number form an abelian group w.r.t. multiplication of matrices.
E.g.02 T is the set of real number of the form 𝒂 + 𝒃√𝟐, where ∀𝒂, 𝒃 ∊ ℚ and a, b are 2008
Pg 151 not simultaneously zero. Show that (T, ● ) is a group where “ ●” is an ordinary
multiplication.
E.g.01 Show that 𝑺 = {𝟏, −𝟏, 𝒊, −𝒊} forms a finite abelian group under usual 2005
Pg 150 multiplication of complex numbers.
State whether the following are True or False. Given reasons. Is (ℤ,⋆) a group 1995
where is defined by 𝒂 ⋆ 𝒃 = 𝟎, ∀𝒂, 𝒃 ∊ ℤ.

CHAPTER # 06 SEQUENCES AND SERIES

Exercise: 6.1
Q.11 Show that the sum of the (p + q)th term and (p – q)th term of an A.P. is equal to twice 2009
the pth term.
Q.13 If u,x,y,z are in A.P., prove that 𝒖 + 𝒛 = 𝒗 + 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙 2017

Exercise: 6.2
Q.4 𝟏+𝟑+𝟓+ . . . 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔 2014
If 𝟐+𝟒+𝟔+ . . . 𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔
= 𝟎. 𝟗𝟓, 𝒇𝒊𝒏𝒅 ′𝒏′.
Q.5 If the sum of 8 terms of an A.P. is 64 and the sum of its 19 terms is 361, find the sum 2010
of 31 terms of the A.P.
Q.5 If the sum of 8 terms of an A.P. is 64 and the sum of its 19 terms is 361, find the 9 th 2014
term.
Q.6 Find the sum to 20 terms of an A.P whose 4th term is 7 and the 7th term is 13. 1991,2003,2011,
2012
Q.8(ii) How many terms of the sequence -9, -6, -3 ……….. must be taken for the sum of the 1997
terms to be 66?
Q.9 Find the sum of all natural numbers between 250 and 1000 which are exactly divisible 2001
by 7.
 Page |9

Q.10 Find the sum of all natural numbers between 1 and 100 which are not exactly 2005
divisible by 2 or 3.
Q.11 Find the sum of 15 terms of an A.P whose middle term is – 42. 1999
Q.11 Find the sum of an A.P. of 17 terms whose middle term is 5. 2004
Q.11 Find the sum of an A.P. of 19 terms whose middle term is 10. 2018
𝒏
Q.16 Find the six terms of the series in A.P. of which the sum to ‘n’ terms is 𝟐 (𝟕𝒏 − 𝟏). 1995
Q.18 The sum of the first in terms of two A.P’s are as 3n+1:13–7n. Find ratio of their second 2000
terms.
The sum of first 14 terms of 1, 1.4, 1.8 …… is equal to the sum of first n terms of 5.6, 1996
5.8, 6.0, ………, find the value of n.
E.g. The sum of p terms of an A.P is q the sum of q terms of the same A.P is p: find the 2008
Pg 164 sum of (p + q) terms.

Exercise: 6.3
Q.4 If n A.M.’s are inserted between 20 and 80 and the ratio of first mean to the last 2017
mean is 𝟏: 𝟑, find n.
Q.7 Find the three numbers in A.P. whose sum is 12 and whose product is 28. 1993
Q.8 The sum of four terms in A.P is 4, the sum of the product of the first and the last 1998,2007,2014
term and the two middle terms is – 38; find the numbers.
Q.10 The base of a right-angled triangle is 10 cm, and the sides of the triangle are in A.P.; 2002
find the hypotenuse.
Q.10 The base of a right-angled triangle is 10 cm, and the sides of the triangle are in A.P.; 2016
find the hypotenuse.
Q.11 Divide 600 biscuits among 5 boys, so that their shares are in A.P., and the two 2018
smallest shares together make one-seventh of what the other boys get.
Q.14 𝒂𝒏+𝟏 +𝒃𝒏+𝟏 2004,2014,2018
Find the value of n such that 𝒂𝒏 + 𝒃𝒏 may become the arithmetic mean between
a and b.
The sum of four numbers in A.P. is 20. The ratio of the product of the first and the 1992
last numbers and the product of 2nd and 3rd numbers is 2 : 3 ; find the numbers.

Exercise: 6.4
Q.4(i) 𝟓𝟏𝟐 2001,2011,2013
Which term of the geometric sequence 27, 18, 12 …….. is 𝟕𝟐𝟗 ?
2014,2015
Q.9 The first three terms of a G.P. are x + 10, x – 2, x – 0 respectively. Calculate the value 1996
of x and hence find the sum to infinity of this series.
E.g. 02 𝟗 𝟐𝟒𝟑 2007
Find the G.P. whose third term is 𝟒 and whose sixth term is 𝟑𝟐
.
Pg 177

Exercise: 6.5
Q.5(i) Sum the series: 0.6 + 0.66 + 0.666 + …….. to n terms. 1993
Q.9 If a rubber ball is dropped on the floor from a height of 27 meters, it always 1991,1998
rebounds to two-third of the distance of the previous fall; find the distance it will
have traveled before hitting the ground for the seventh time.
E.g.02 The ratio of the sum of the first four terms of a G.P to the sum of the first eight 2006
Pg 183 terms of the same G.P is 81:97; find the common ratio of the G.P.

Exercise: 6.6
Q.3 Express the recurring decimal as a rational number.
(iv) 𝟎. 𝟐𝟑̇𝟕̇ 2003 𝟎. 𝟒𝟐̇𝟑̇ 2009
Q.5 The sum of infinite timers of a G.P. is 4 and the sum of their cubes is 192; find the G.P. 1992
Q.5 The sum of infinite term of a G.P. is 3, and the sum of their cubes is 81; find the G.P. 2002
 P a g e | 10

Q.6 Find the sum of an infinite series in G.P. if the sum of the first and the fourth terms is 1999,2017
equal to 54 and the sum of the second and the third term is 36 find the series also.
E.g. 02 Find the G.P. whose second term is 2 and the sum to infinity is 8. 2000
Pg 190
E.g. 02 Find the G.P. whose second term is 3 and the sum to infinity is 12. 2018
Pg 190
The third term of a G.P. is 27 and the sixth term is 8; find the sum to infinite terms. 1995
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
E.g.04 2016
Show that: 𝟓 . 𝟓 . 𝟓 . . . = 𝟓
𝟐 𝟒 𝟖
Pg 192

Exercise: 6.7
Q.2(i) Find the two G.M’s between 2 and -16. 2014
Q.3 The product of three number in G.P is 216 and the sum of their product in pairs is 1997
156, find the numbers.
𝒏
Q.5 Show that the product of n geometric means between a and b is (𝒂𝒃)𝟐 . 2004
E.g.03 Find three numbers in G.P whose sum is 19 and whose product is 216. 2005
Pg 197

Exercise: 6.8
th
Q.1 Find the 17 trem of an H.P whose first two terms are 6 and 8. 2008,2015
Q.2 th 𝟏 𝟑 2001
The 12 term of an H.P. is 𝟓 and the 19th term is 𝟐𝟐; find the 10th term of the H.P.
Q.2 𝟏 𝟑 2011,2017
The 12th term of an H.P is and 19th term is ; find the 4th term.
𝟓 𝟐𝟐
Find the 12th term of an H.P. if it is given that its second term is 3 and 4th term is 2. 1999
Q.3 In an H.P., 10th term of an H.P. is 35 and the 34th term is 25. If the last term is 2, find 2018
the number of terms.
Q.4 𝟐 1996,2016
Which term of the H.P. 6, 2, 6/5, …… is equal to 𝟑𝟑 ?
𝟒 𝟐 𝟏 2002
Which term of H.P. 𝟏𝟐, , , . . . is ?
𝟏𝟑 𝟗 𝟒𝟐
Q.5(ii) 𝟒𝟖 1995,2010,2013
Insert four H.Ms between 12 and 𝟓
.
𝒑𝒒
Q.6 If the pth term of an H.P. is q, the qth term is p; prove that the (p + q)th term is . 2009,2012,2015
𝒑+𝒒
Q.6,7 The 𝒑𝒕𝒉 term of an H.P. is q and the 𝒒𝒕𝒉 term is p: find (𝒑 + 𝒒)𝒕𝒉 term and 𝒒) (𝒑. 𝒕𝒉 2007
term.
Q.8 If the roots of the equation 𝒑(𝒒 − 𝒓)𝒙𝟐 + 𝒒(𝒓 − 𝒑)𝒙 + 𝒓(𝒑 − 𝒒) = 𝟎 are equal, 2017
prove that p,q,r are in H.P.
E.g.02 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 2006
If the 3rd, 6th and the last terms of an H.P are respectively 𝟑, 𝟓, 𝟐𝟎𝟑 , find the number
Pg 205
of terms of the H.P.

Exercise: 6.9
Q.4 Prove that a, b, c are in either A.P. or G.P. or H.P according as 1993,2013
𝒂(𝒃−𝒄)
𝒂−𝒃
=a or b or c
Q.6 𝒙(𝒚−𝒛) 2003
Simplify 𝒙−𝒚
when x, y, z are in: (i) A.P. (ii) G.P and (iii) H.P.
If A, G, H are respectively the arithmetic, geometric and harmonic means 1994
between any two numbers, prove that G2 = AH.
𝒙−𝒚 𝒙
If = , then prove that x, y, z are in H.P. 1997,2000
𝒚−𝒛 𝒛
Old If A,G, H be respectively the A.M., the G.M. and H.M. between any two 1991
Book numbers and Ax = Gy = Hz, prove that x, y, z are in G.P.
A.G Series
Old Book
Find the sum to n terms of the A.G series: 𝟏 + 𝟑𝒓 + 𝟓𝒓𝟐 + 𝟕𝒓𝟑 +. . . 2008
A.G Series 𝟑 𝟓 𝟕 1994
Old Book Sum the series 1 + 𝟐 + 𝟒 + 𝟖 + . . . to infinity
 P a g e | 11

CHAPTER # 07 PERMUTATIONS,
COMBINATIONS AND INTRO. TO THE
PROBABILITY

Exercise: 7.1
Q.5 How many natural numbers of four digits can be formed with four digits 2,3,5,7 2007
when no digit is being used more than once in each number? What will be the
numbers if the given digits are 2,3,5,0?
Q.12 How many different natural numbers can be formed by using the digits 1995
0,1,2,3,4,5 lying between 10 and 1000?
Q.19 Find the total number of ways in which 5 birds can perch on 4 trees, when there 1992
is no restriction to the choice of a tree. In how many of these ways will one
particular bird be alone on the tree?

Exercise: 7.2
n 𝒏
Q.2(ii) Find n, If 𝑷4 = 24 .𝑪𝟓 2015
Q.9 In how many distinct ways can the letters of the word be arranged?
INTELLIGENCE 2010 PAKPATTAN 2014 INSTITUTIONS 1993
𝒏
Q.10 𝟏𝟎 1997 E.g03 2011
If 𝟔𝟑𝟎𝟎 = ( ), then find n. If n𝑷3 = 12 𝟐.𝑷𝟑 , find n.
𝟒, 𝒏 Pg 224
Q.11 How many natural numbers may be formed by using 4 out of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5: 2005
(i) If the digits are not repeated? (ii) If the digits may be repeated?
(iii) How many of them are even if the digits are not repeated?
Q.12 In how many ways can 3 English books, 2 Urdu books and 2 Sindhi books be 2002,2004,2007,
arranged on a shelf so as to keep all the books in each language together? 2007,2009,2013,
2015
Q.13 How many different natural numbers of 3 different digits each can be formed 2003,2008
from the digits 1,2,3,4,5,7,9 if each number is to be:
(i) odd (ii) even?
Q.18 In how many ways can 4 gentlemen and 2 ladies be seated at a round-table so 1991
that the ladies are not together? In how many of these ways will three
particular gentlemen be next to each other?
Old Book In a class there are 8 boys and 5 girls. Two class representatives are to be 2006
chosen from them. In how many ways can they be selected if:
(i) Both are chosen from all?
(ii) One is to be a boy and the other a girl?
(iii) The first is to be a boy and the second either a boy or a girl?
In how many ways can a hockey eleven be chosen out of 15 players? If: 1994
(i) include a particular player (ii) exclude a particular player
In how many ways can 5 essential prayers be offered each on a different 2000
mosque out of seven mosques in the area?
There are seven mosques in a locality. In how many ways can Aslam offer 2001
five prayers (obligatory) in different mosques such that:
(i) Zohar prayer is offered in the mosque A (ii) Zohar prayer is not offered in the mosque A

Exercise: 7.3
n 𝒏
Q.2(ii) If 𝑷4 =24 .𝑪𝟓 ,
find n. 2016
Q.9 How many words can be formed by using 2 vowels and 3 consonants out of 4 2017
vowels and 7 consonants.
Q.17 A party of 7 members is to be chosen from a group of 7 gents and 5 ladies. 1993
 P a g e | 12

In how many ways can the party be formed if it is to contain:

(i) exactly 4 ladies (ii) at least 4 ladies (iii) at most 4 ladies
Q.18 A father has 8 children. He takes them, three at a time, to a zoo as often as he 1997,2010
can without taking the same 3 children more than once. How often will he go
and how often will each child go?
E.g.03 In how many ways can a party of 5 students and 2 teachers are formed out of 15 2018
Pg 237 students and 5 teachers.
E.g.06 A department in a college consists of 6 professors and 8 students. A study tour is 1998
Pg 240 to be arranged. In how many ways can a party of seven members be chosen so
as to include: (i) exactly 4 professors (ii) at least 4 professors
Nine tennis teams play friendly matches each team has to play against each 1996
other. How many matches have to be played in all?
A team of 14 players is to be formed out of 20 players. In how many ways can 1999
the selection be made if a particular player is to be: (i) included (ii) excluded
In how many ways can troop of five soldiers be formed out of seven soldiers? 2000

Exercise: 7.4
Q.2 A coin was tossed 3 times; find the probability of getting: 1999
(i) at least one head (ii) no tail (iii) exactly two tails (iv) at the most two heads
Q.2 A fair coin is tossed 3 times. Find the probability of getting: 2007,2008
(i) at least one head and (ii) at most two heads.
Q.2 A fair coin is tossed 3 times. Find the probability of getting at least one head. 2016
A coin is tossed twice. Find the probability of getting: 2004
(i) at least one head (ii) exactly one tail
Q.3 If a die is rolled twice, what is the probability that: 2000
(i) The sum of the points on it is? (ii) There is at least one 5?
Q.7 A word consists of 5 consonants and 4 vowels. Three letters are chosen at 2011
random. What is the probability that more than one vowel will be selected?
Q.8 In a fruit basket there are one dozen oranges and half a dozen apples. If a 1996
person has to select a fruit at random, what is the chance of its being an orange?
If the first selection was an orange, what is the chance of second selection to be
an apple?
Q.9 If three books are picked at random from a shelf containing 3 novels, 4 book of 2018
poems and a dictionary, what is the probability that:
(i) The dictionary is selected (ii) one novel and 2 books of
poems are selected
Q.10 A room has three lamps from a collection of 12 light bulbs of which 8 are no 2002
good, a person selects three at random and put them in the sockets. What is the
probability that he will have light?

Exercise: 7.5
E.g#03 𝟑𝟑 2017
The probability that a student passes mathematics exam is 𝟔𝟎 and the
Pg255 𝟑𝟗
probability that he passes physics is 𝟔𝟎. If the probability of passing at least one
𝟓𝟏
course is 𝟔𝟎. What is the probability that he passes both courses.
Q.6 Two dice are rolled once. Find the probability of getting a multiple of 3 or a sum 1991
of 10.
Q.8 Of the students attending a lecture 50% could not see what was being written 2006
on the blackboard, 40% of them could not hear what the lecturer was saying: a
particular unfortunate 30% of them fell into both of these categories. What is
the probability that a student picked at random was able to see and hear
satisfactorily?
 P a g e | 13

The probability that the principal of a college has a television is 0.6, a 2000
refrigerator 0.2 and both television and refrigerator is 0.06; find the probability
that the principal has at least a television or a refrigerator.
The probability that a man has a T.V. is 0.6, a V.C.R. is 0.2, and a T.V. and V.C.R. 2009
both is 0.04. What is the probability that the man has either a T.V. or a V.C.R.?
From a group of 6 men and 5 women, a committee of 4 members is to be 2001
formed. What is the probability that the committee will consist of 2 men and 2
women.
A committee of 4 members is to be chosen by lot from a group of 7 men and 5 1992
women. Find the probability that the committee will consist of 2 men and 2
women.
A committee of 4 members is to be chosen by lot from a group of 7 teachers and 1997
5 students. Find the probability that the committee will consist of 2 teachers
and 2 students.
A committee of 4 members is to be chosen by lot from a group of 7 men and 5 1994
women. Find the probability that the committee will consist of 2 men and 2
women.
A prize of any 4 books is to be given out of 7 Arabic and 5 French books. Find the 2000
probability that the prize will consists of 2 Arabic and 2 French books.
E.g.08 Out of 12 eggs, 2 are bad, from these eggs 3 are chosen at random to make a 1993
Pg 250 cake. What is the probability that the cake contains:
(i) exactly one bad egg (ii) at least one bad egg
E.g.07 The letters of the word MISSISSIPPI are scrambled and then arranged in some 1994,1998
Pg 250 order. What is the probability that the four “Is” are consecutive letters in the
resulting arrangement?
E.g.02 A drawer contains 50 bolts and 150 nuts. Half of the bolts and half of the nuts 2008
Pg 254 are rusted. If one item is chosen, what is the probability that it is either rusted
or is a bolt?
Two cards are drawn at random from a deck of well shuffled cards; find the 2012
probability that the cards drawn are: (a) both aces (b) a king and a queen
Two cards are drawn at random from a deck of well shuffled cards. Find the 1995
probability that the cards drawn are:
(i) both Kings, of different colour (ii) King and queen of spade

CHAPTER # 08
MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION AND
BINOMIAL THEOREM
Exercise: 8.1
Prove by Mathematical Induction that:
Q.14 𝟏 𝟒 𝟗 𝒏𝟐 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏) 1993
𝟏.𝟑
+ + +...+
𝟑.𝟓 𝟓.𝟕 (𝟐𝒏−𝟏)(𝟐𝒏+𝟏)
= 𝟐(𝟐𝒏+𝟏)
Q.15(ii) 𝒂(𝟏−𝒓𝒏 ) 1994
a + ar2 + ar3 + . . . + arn-1 = 𝟏−𝒓 , where r ≠ 1.
Q.6 𝟐𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑 + 𝟔𝟑 + . . . +(𝟐𝒏) = 𝟐𝒏 𝟑 𝟐 (𝒏 𝟐
+ 𝟏) , ∀𝒏 ∊ ℕ 1995,2015
Q.5(ii) 2 2 2 2 2 𝟐 1999
2 + 4 + 6 + 8 + . . . + (2n) = n (n+1)(2n+1)
𝟑
Q.4 𝟏 2000,2009,2011,2014
𝟐 + 𝟔 + 𝟏𝟐+ . . . +𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏) = 𝟑 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝒏 + 𝟐)
2016
Q.8 𝟏 2004
1.3 + 2.4 + 3.5 + . . . +n (n + 2) = 𝟔
n(n + 1) (2n + 7)
 P a g e | 14

Q.5(i) 𝟏 2006
12 + 32 + 52 + . . . + (2n – 1)2 = 𝒏(𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)
𝟑
E.g.03 Pg 260 𝟏 2007,2012,2013
12 + 22+ 32 + . . . + n2 = 𝟔 𝒏(𝒏 + 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 + 𝟏)
Prove by Mathematical Induction that: 2018
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒏
𝟏.𝟐
+ 𝟐.𝟑 + 𝟑.𝟒 + . . . + 𝒏(𝒏+𝟏) = 𝒏+𝟏 , ∀𝒏 ∊ ℕ
1 + 5 + 9 + . . . + (4n – 3) = 𝒏(𝟐𝒏 − 𝟏) 2017
2 + 4 + 6 + . . . + 2n = n (n + 1) 2008
𝒏
2 + 5 + 8 + . . . + (3n – 1) = (3n + 1) 2001
𝟐
Q.16(i) (23n+2–28n–4) is divisible by 49, ∀𝒏 ∊ ℕ 1998,2002,2012,2015
(ii) 𝟑𝟐𝒏+𝟐 − 𝟖𝒏 − 𝟗 is divisible by 64, ∀𝒏 ∊ ℕ 1992
(iii) 10n + 3.4n+2 + 5 is divisible by 9, ∀𝒏 ∊ ℕ 2003,2010,2014
(iv) 𝟏𝟏𝒏+𝟐 + 𝟏𝟐𝟐𝒏+𝟏 is divisible by 133 for all integral values of 𝒏 ≥ 𝟎 2017
(v) (𝒂𝟐𝒏 − 𝒃𝟐𝒏) is divisible by (a − b) for all 𝒏 ∊ ℕ 2005
2n > n2, for integral values of n > 5. 1991
Old Book 2! > 2n, ∀𝒏 ∊ ℕ, n > 4 1997

Exercise: 8.2
Q.2 Find the sum of the following series: 162 + 172 + 182 + . . . + 402 1992
Q.2 Find the sum of the following series: 112 + 122 + 132 + . . . + 202 2016
Q.2 Find the sum of the following series: 212 + 222 + 232 + . . . + 502 2018

Exercise:8.3
Q.5,6 Find the middle term(s) in the expansion of:
𝟏 𝟖 1994 𝟐𝒙 𝟑𝒚 𝟕 2001
(𝒙 − ) ( − )
𝒙 𝟑𝒚 𝟐𝒙
𝟐 𝟏 𝟕 𝟏 𝟖 1998
(i) (𝒙 + 𝒙) (ii) (𝒙 + 𝒙)
Q.7 Using Binomial Theorem, write the term independent of x in the expansion and simplify it.
𝟏 𝟏𝟓
(i) (𝒙 − 𝟐)
2009,2011 𝟐 𝟏 𝟖 2002 𝟒𝒙𝟐 𝟑
𝟗 1999,2015
𝒙 ( 𝟐
− ) ( − )
𝟑𝒙 𝟑𝒙 𝟑 𝟐𝒙
𝟏𝟎
𝟐 𝟏𝟎
(ii) (𝒙 − 𝒙)
2007 𝟐 2004 𝟏 𝟖 2000
(𝒙 − ) (𝒙 − )
𝒙 𝟐𝒙
𝟏 𝟗 2014,2016
(𝟐𝒙 + 𝟐 )
𝟑𝒙
Q.8(ii) Write in the simplified the term involving 𝒙𝟏𝟎 in the expansion of 2013
𝟏 𝟏𝟎
(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒙𝟑) .
E.g04 Use the binomial theorem to find the value of (𝟏. 𝟎𝟏)𝟔 . 2006
Pg 278

Exercise:8.4
Find the first negative term in the expansion of, using the formula for general term.
𝟕 𝟗
Q.7 (𝟏 + 𝟐𝒙)𝟐 2003,2008,2012 𝟑 𝟐
2010
Q.8 (𝟏 + 𝟐 𝒙)
𝟏
2004
Evaluate to four decimal places the expansion of (𝟏. 𝟎𝟑)𝟑 .

Exercise:8.5
Q.13 𝟑 𝟑.𝟓 𝟑.𝟓.𝟕 1991
If y = 𝟒
+ 𝟒.𝟖 + 𝟒.𝟖.𝟏𝟐 + . . . , prove that: 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝒚 − 𝟕 = 𝟎
 P a g e | 15

Q.3 If ‘a’ be a quantity so small that a3 may be neglected in comparison with b3, 1992
𝒃 𝒃 𝟑𝒂𝟐
prove that: √ 𝒂+𝒃
+ √𝒃−𝒂 = 𝟐 + 𝟒𝒃𝟐

Q.3 If ‘𝒍’ be a quantity so small that a may be neglected in comparison with c3,
3
1994,2009,2013,
𝒄 𝒄 𝟑𝒍𝟐 2015
prove that: √ 𝒍+𝒄
+ √𝒄−𝒍 = 𝟐 + 𝟒𝒄𝟐

Identify the series as binomial expansion and find its sum.

𝟑 𝟏 𝟐.𝟓 𝟏 𝟐.𝟓.𝟖 𝟏 1993,1997, 𝟑 𝟑.𝟓 𝟑.𝟓.𝟕 2003,2017
𝟏 − 𝟐 . 𝟐 + 𝟑.𝟔 . 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟑.𝟔.𝟗 . 𝟐𝟑 + . . . 𝟏 + 𝟒 + 𝟒.𝟖 + 𝟒.𝟖.𝟏𝟐 + . . .
2013
𝟏 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓 1995 Prove that: 2016
𝟏+ + +
𝟒 𝟒.𝟔
+...
𝟒.𝟔.𝟖 𝟑 𝟑.𝟓 𝟑.𝟓.𝟕
𝟐√𝟐 = 𝟏 + 𝟒
+ 𝟒.𝟖 + 𝟒.𝟖.𝟏𝟐 + .
..

Show that:
𝟑 𝟏 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓 2001,2010,201 𝟏 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓 2011
√𝟒 = 𝟏 + 𝟒 + 𝟒.𝟔 + 𝟒.𝟔.𝟖 + . . √𝟑 = 𝟏 + 𝟑 + 𝟑𝟐𝟐! + 𝟑𝟐𝟑! + .
4
..
𝟏 𝟐
Q.1 (𝟏+𝒙)𝟐 + (𝟏−𝒙)𝟑 𝟓𝒙 1997,2007,
If |x|<1, prove that: 𝟏 =𝟏− 𝟔
; nearly 2012,2014
𝟏+𝒙+(𝟏−𝒙)𝟐
Q.2 When 𝒙 is so small so that its square and higher power may be neglected, 2002
𝟐 𝟓
(𝟏+ ) + √𝟒+𝟐𝒙
𝟑𝒙
find the value of:
√(𝟒+𝒙)𝟑
Q.10 𝟏 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓 2018
Show that: √𝟐 = 𝟏 + + 𝟒 + + ...
𝟐𝟐 𝟐!.𝟐 𝟑!.𝟐𝟔
Q.14 𝒚 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓.𝟕 𝟒 2008
If y = 2x + 3x2 + 4x3 + . . . then show that: 𝒙 = 𝟐 − 𝟐𝟐𝟐! 𝒚𝟐 + 𝟐𝟑𝟑! 𝒚𝟑 + 𝟐𝟒 𝟒!
𝒚 ...
E.g.05 𝟏 𝟏.𝟒 𝟏.𝟒.𝟕 𝟑 2005
If 𝒙 = 𝟑𝒚 + 𝟔𝒚𝟐 + 𝟏𝟎𝒚𝟑 + . . . then prove that: 𝒚 = 𝟑 𝒙 − 𝟑𝟐𝟐! 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑 𝟑!
𝒙 +...
Pg 286
E.g.02 𝟏 𝟏.𝟑 𝟏.𝟑.𝟓 2006
If 𝒙 = 𝟑 + 𝟑.𝟔 + 𝟑.𝟔.𝟗 + . . ., prove that: 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟐𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎.
Pg291

CHAPTER # 09 FUNDAMENTALS OF
TRIGONOMETRY

Exercise: 9.1
Q.8 How far does boy on a bicycle travel in ______ revolutions if the diameters of the wheels of his
bicycle are equal to _______ cm each?
Revolutions Diameter Revolutions Diameter
10 56 1991,2004,2015 15 14
15 50 2017
Q.10 A belt _______ meters long passes around a _______ cm diameter pulley. As the belt makes
_______ complete revolutions in a minute, how many radians does the wheel turn in one second?
Distance Diameter Revolutions Distance Diameter Revolutions
24.75 3.5 3 1992,2002,2007, 24.75 3.5 4 1998
2018
23.85 1.58 2 2003,2010
Q.9 If a point on rim of ______ cm diameter fly wheel travel _____ cm in a minute, through how many
radians does the wheel turn in one second?
Diameter Distance Revolutions Diameter
21 5040 1993,2009,2011,2012,2013,2014
 P a g e | 16

Q.7 Find the arc length of a circle whose diameter is 28 cm and whose central angle 2001
is of measure 41o.
𝝅
Q.1,2 (i) Convert 𝟑 radians into degrees. (ii) Convert 24036030’’ into radian. 1995
If the area of the circle is 385 sq. units, find its diameter. 1996

Exercise: 9.2
Find the remaining trigonometric functions using radian function if:
Trig. Function Quadrant Year Trig. Function Quadrant Year
𝟑 Third 1994 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 = √𝟐 fourth 1995
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = √ 𝟓
𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 < 𝟎 1997 𝟑 Third 1998,2001,2011
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝟒
√𝟓
√𝟑 Third 1999 𝟒 First 2000
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 =
𝟓
𝟓 Third 2002 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 = −𝟐 Second 2003
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝟏𝟐
𝟏 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 < 𝟎 2004 𝟏 Not in second 2005,2007,2012
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = − Quadrant
𝟑 𝟑
𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 is 2006 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 = 𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 is 2008,2013
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝟓
negative positive
𝟑 Third 2009 𝟏 Third 2010
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 =
𝟓 𝟐
𝟑 𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄 = − Fourth 2014 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 is 2015
𝟐 𝟐
positive
𝟑 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 is 2016 𝟐 Third 2017
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = −
𝟒 𝟑
positive
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝟎. 𝟔 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 is 2018
negative

Exercise: 9.3
𝝅
If 𝜽 = , find the value of all trigonometric functions and hence prove that: 1996
𝟔
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 𝝅 √𝟑
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒕 = 𝟖 +
𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟔 𝟖

CHAPTER # 10
TRIGONOMETRIC IDENTITIES

Exercise: 10.1
Prove that:
Q.4 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 1997,2009, 𝒕𝒂𝒏 +𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 1996
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 −𝟏
+ 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 +𝟏
= = 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽.
𝒔𝒊𝒏 −𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝟏−𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽
𝟐
2014
𝟐 𝐬𝐞𝐜 𝜽
𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 −𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒄𝒐𝒕 −𝟏
Q.5 (𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽)𝟐 = 2000,2002 = 1998
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 +𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒄𝒐𝒕 +𝟏
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔
Q.5 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽)𝟐 = 2017
𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔

Q.7 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟔 𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟔 𝜽 = 1992,2005, 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔  1997

𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔
= 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝟐
𝟏 − 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 2006,2016
 P a g e | 17

Q.8 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 1995 E.g.02 𝟏+𝒔𝒆𝒄 𝒕𝒂𝒏+𝐬𝐢𝐧 2013

𝟏 −𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽
+ 𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = = 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝐭𝐚𝐧
𝟏−𝒔𝒆𝒄
Pg 310
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 and hence
𝝅
verify the result if 𝜽 = 𝟐
𝟑
Q.8 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 1999, 2001 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 2007
𝟏 –𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽
+ 𝟏−𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
= 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
+ 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
= 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Q.9 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝛉 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝐞𝐜𝛉 1991,1999, Q.18 2003
=
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝛉 +𝐭𝐚𝐧𝛉 √
𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
= 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 − 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽
2011,2015, 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝛉𝐜𝐨𝐭𝛉
2016
Q.11 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 2004,2012 Q.18 2018
= 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 √
𝟏−𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
= 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽+𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽
𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Express 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 in terms of 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽. 1997
Express all the trigonometric functions in terms of cosec. 2006

Exercise: 10.2
𝟎 −𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑𝟎
Q.16(i) √𝟑𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑
𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟓𝟕𝟎 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑𝟎+√𝟑𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑𝟎 2014 Q.21 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜽 + 𝝋)𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝜽 − 𝝋) = 2001
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝝋
𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜽+𝝋)
Q.17 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝝋 2012,2015 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 𝐜𝐨𝐬(𝜶 − 𝜷) + 1997,2000
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝝋
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 − 𝜷) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜷
Q.20 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜽 + 𝝋)𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜽 − 𝝋) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝝋 2004,2006,2009,2017
Q.14(i) √𝟑 𝟏
If 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 = and 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜷 = and both 𝝆(𝜶) and 𝝆(𝜷) are in the first quadrant find 2008
𝟐 √𝟐
the value of 𝐬𝐢𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷).
Old Book Prove that the points A(6, 13), B(5, 7) and C(4, 1) are collinear. 1997
Old Show that (0, 0) (a, 0), (b, c) and (b – a, c) taken in order form the vertices of a 2000
Book parallelogram.
Old Book Show that the point, (2, 1), (5, 1), (2, 6) are the vertices of a right-angled triangle. 2010
Pg 313 Prove the fundamental law 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝜶 − 𝜷) = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜷 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜷 2018

Exercise: 10.3
Prove that:
Q.4 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟕𝛉 – 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓𝛉 1991,1995,2008, 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷) =
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜶 −𝐭𝐚𝐧𝜷 1991,1992
= 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝛉 𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜶.𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜷
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟕𝛉 + 𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟓𝛉 2011, 2018
Q.5 𝟐 1992 𝒕𝒂𝒏 −𝐭𝐚𝐧
1998
𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝜶 − 𝜷) =
𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐  𝟏+𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝐭𝐚𝐧

Q.7 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝜽 = 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 − 𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑 𝜽 2017

Q.8 𝟑𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽−𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟑 𝜽 2008 𝜽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 2003, 2018
𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑𝜽 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 = 𝟏+𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝟏−𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧𝟐 𝜽
Q.9 𝟑 2010,2012,2013, 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝜽 2007
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝜽 = 𝟒𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
2014
Q.11 𝟒 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑼 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑽 = 1992,1998
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟒𝜽 = 𝟖𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 − 𝟖𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽 + 𝟏
𝑼+𝑽 𝑼−𝑽
1991,2000,2004,2006,2007,2009,2011 𝟐 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜽 = 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽
Q.16
𝒔𝒊𝒏
− 𝒄𝒐𝒔
= 𝒔𝒆𝒄 1998,2008,2012, 1994
2016, 2018
Q.17 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝜽
− 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 =𝟐 2002,2005, 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜽 = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝜽 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 1994
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
2010
Q.18 𝒕𝒂𝒏(
𝑨+𝑩
) 1999,2001 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜶𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜷−𝟏 2015
𝟐
=
𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩 𝐜𝐨𝐭(𝜶 + 𝜷) = 𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜶+𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜷
𝑨−𝑩
𝒕𝒂𝒏( ) 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑨 – 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝑩
𝟐
Q.19 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 = 1996,2013 𝝅 𝜽 𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 1993
𝟑 𝟓 𝒕𝒂𝒏 ( + ) = √ =
𝟒𝐬𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟒 𝟐 𝟏+𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝟐 𝟐
𝒔𝒆𝒄𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽
 P a g e | 18

𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟕 – 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟓 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 = 2002 𝒔𝒊𝒏 +𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟑 +𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟓

= 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟑 1998
𝟕𝜽 𝟓𝜽 𝒄𝒐𝒔 +𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟑 +𝐜𝐨𝐬𝟓
𝟒𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐 𝟐
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟔 − 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟒 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝟐 = 2003 𝒕𝒂𝒏 =
𝜽 𝟏−𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 2005,2010
𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧  𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟐 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝟑 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽

If 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜶 =
√𝟑
−
√𝟑 1993
𝟒
√𝟑 and 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜷 = 𝟒
+ √𝟑 , prove that 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝜶 + 𝜷)= 0.375

Express sincos3 in the sum form and prove that sin150cos450 =

√𝟑−𝟏 1994
𝟒
√𝟑 𝟏
If 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 = 𝟐 and 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜷 = , both 𝝆(𝜶) and 𝝆(𝜷) lie in the first quadrant, find the 2015
√𝟐
value of 𝒕𝒂𝒏(𝜶 + 𝜷).

CHAPTER # 11 GRAPHS OF TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS

Exercise: 11.1
Q.1 Show that 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 is a periodic function of period 𝝅 2018
Q.2(i) Show that the function 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 is of period 𝟐𝝅. Also prove that 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 1994
𝝅
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = √𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙 + 𝟒 )
Q.2 𝟏 2006
Find the period of 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙.
𝟐
Q.2 Find the period of 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟒𝒙. 2016
Q.2 Show that 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 is a periodic function of period 𝟐𝝅 2017

Exercise: 11.2
Draw the graph of:
Function Domain Year Function Domain Year
𝜋 𝜋
Q.1 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 –𝝅 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝝅 2011,2014 𝑦 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 −2 ≤𝜃≤ 2005
2
Q.2 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 –𝝅 ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝝅 1999, 2018 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝟎 ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝟐𝝅 2008,2015,2016
𝝅 𝝅 𝝅
Q.3 𝒚 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 −𝟐 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐 1992,1994, 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝟎≤𝜽≤𝟐 2009
2002
𝒚 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔−𝟏 𝒙 −𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏 1991 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑟𝑐 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 −𝟏 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏 1993
𝜽 −𝟐𝝅 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟐𝝅 1995,1998 𝒚 = 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 –𝝅 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝝅 2003
𝒚= 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟐
  𝟏
𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃 −2 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 2 2001 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 –𝝅 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝝅 2007
𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐𝜽 –𝝅 ≤ 𝜽 ≤ 𝝅 1996,2010,2012,2013
𝒚 = 𝐬𝐢𝐧(−𝜽), −𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟎 and find the value of sin (650) from the 1997,2017
graph.

CHAPTER # 12 SOLUTIONS OF TRIANGLES

Exercise: 12.1
Q.5 A man standing on one side of a road observes that the measure of the angle subtended by 1996,1998,2005,
the top of a five-storey building on the opposite side of the road is 35 o. When the crosses 2008
the road of width 35 meters to approach the building, he finds the measure of the angle to
be 65o; find the height of the building and the distance of the initial position of the man
from the building.
 P a g e | 19

Q.7 A man observes that the angle of elevation of the top of a mountain is 50o from a point on 1992
the ground. On walking 150 meters away from the point, the angle of elevation becomes
40.45o. Find the height of the mountain.
Q.7 A man observes that the angle of elevation of the top of a mountain is 45 o from a point on 2015
the ground. On walking 100 meters away from the point, the angle of elevation becomes
43.45o. Find the height of the mountain.
An aeroplane is flying at a height of 9000 meters. If the angle of depression to a field 1991,2004
marker is 23o, find the aerial distance.
𝟒 1993
At a certain point the angle of elevation of a tower is found to be 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ). On walking 32
𝟓
𝟓
feet directly towards the tower, the angle of elevation becomes 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 ( ). Find the height
𝟐
of the tower.

Exercise: 12.2
Derive the law of tangents 2012
𝜸−𝜶 𝒄−𝒂 𝜸+𝜶
Prove the law of tangents in the form: 𝒕𝒂𝒏 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏 1993
𝟐 𝒄+𝒂 𝟐
State and prove the law of cosine. 1995,2009,2010,2014,
2016
Derive the cosine law: 𝒂𝟐 = 𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝟐𝒃𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 for a triangle ABC. 2002, 2018
𝒃𝟐 + 𝒄𝟐 − 𝒂𝟐 1999
Prove the Law of Cosine, 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 = . (Show all the working).
𝟐𝒃𝒄
Derive that law of Sines 2011
𝒂 𝒃 𝒄 2017
In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, prove that: 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜷
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜸
Q.1 Solve the triangle ABC in which:
(iii) 𝜶=250, a=40cm and b=20cm 1996,2009 a = 54o 58’ , b = 70 cm, c = 58 cm 2000
(ii) ∠𝐀 = 𝟒𝟗𝟎 , ∠𝐁 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎 and c = 39 inches 2003 a=b=c 2006
a = 5 cm, b = 10 cm, c = 13 cm 2010,2011 a=10cm, 𝜶 = 𝟑𝟎𝟎 , 𝜷 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 2015
Q.2 Find the length of the third side of a triangular building that faces 13.6 meters along one street 1997
and 13.0 meters along another street. The angle of intersection of the two streets is 72o.
Q.5 Two hikers, start from the same point, one walks 9km heading east, the other 10km 1992,1994
heading 420 east (420 towards east from north). How far apart are they at the end of their
walks?
Q.6 A hiker walks due east at 4 km per hour and a second hiker starting from the same point 2001
walks 55o north-east at the rate of 6km per hour. How far apart will they be after 2 Hours?
Q.8 A piece of a plastic strip 1m is bent to form an isosceles triangle with 96 o as its largest 1999,2013
angle; find the length of the sides.
A plane is heading due east at 675 km/h. A wind is blowing in from the north-east at 75 1991,2006
km/h; find the direction of the plane and it ground speed.
Due to the wind blowing from 37o north-east, the pilot of an aeroplane whose airspeed is 2002
500 km/hr has to head his plane at 325o in order to follow a courses of 310o; find the
ground speed.

Exercise: 12.3
Q,7 In ∆𝑨𝑩𝑪, find the largest angle if a=5cm, b=10cm and c=14cm. 2016

Exercise: 12.4
Q.2 Find the area of the triangle ABC when 𝜶 = 𝟓𝟏𝟎 , 𝜸 = 𝟔𝟏𝟎 , 𝒃 = √𝟑 cm. 2009
Q.4 Find the area a of a ∆ABC in which  = 30o ,  = 63o and c = 7.3 cm. 2004,2008
Q.12 The three sides of the triangular lot have lengths 9, 12 and 16cm respectively. Find the 1992
measure of its largest angle and the area of the lot.
Q.12 Three sides of a triangular lot have lengths 14 cm, 15 cm and 16 cm; find the measure of 2001
the largest angle and the area of the lot.
Q.13 If the measure of the two sides of a triangle are 4 and 5 units. Find the third side so that the 1991,2007,2017
area of the triangle is 6 sq. units.
The three sides of a triangular building have lengths 10cm, 11cm, 13cm respectively. Find 2014
the measure of its largest angle and the area of the building.
 P a g e | 20

If three sides of a triangle are 11 cm, 13 cm, 16 cm, find the measure of the largest angle 2005
and the area of the triangle.
Solve the triangle ABC and hence find the area of the triangle.
a=40.1cm, b=20cm and 𝜸 =500 1995,1992 a = 15.2 cm, b = 20.9 cm and c = 34.7 1998
𝟐
Case II Prove that the area of a triangle ∆= .
𝟏 𝒂 𝒔𝒊𝒏.𝐬𝐢𝐧
, where ∆ is the area of the given 1997
Pg 349 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏
triangle ABC.

Exercise: 12.5
Q.10 Prove that in any equilateral triangle r : R : r1 = 1 : 2 : 3, where r, R and r1 have 1998,2004,
usual meanings. 2005,2007, 2018
Q.10 If a = b = c, prove that r1 : R : r = 3 : 2 : 1, where r1, R and r have their usual 2009
meanings.
Show that:
Q.2 Find the value of R and r in 1995 Q.11(ii) 𝒓𝟏 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟑 = 𝒓𝒔𝟐 1997,2000,
the triangle ABC where 2008,2013,
a=2cm, b=3cm and c=4cm. 2016
Q.9 𝜷 1993 Q.11(iv) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝒂𝟐 +𝒃𝟐 +𝒄𝟐 1996,2001,
𝒓𝟏 = (𝒔 − 𝒄) 𝐜𝐨𝐭 = 𝟐 +𝒓 𝟐+𝒓 𝟐+𝒓 =
𝒓𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑
𝟐 ∆𝟐 2003,2012
  
𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Q.9    1991,1999,2002, Q.11(i) 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2016,2017
𝒓𝟏 = 𝟒𝑹𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒂𝒃
+ 𝒃𝒄 + 𝒄𝒂 = 𝟐𝒓𝑹
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
2006,2011,2015
2005 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2010
𝜷 (𝒔−𝒂)(𝒔−𝒄) + + =
𝒕𝒂𝒏 𝟐 = √ 𝒔(𝒔−𝒃)
𝒓𝟏 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝟑 𝒓

Q.13    2004,2008
∆= 𝒓𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒕 𝒄𝒐𝒕
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
Derive:
∆ 1994 ∆ 2010 2000
𝒓𝟑 = 𝒔−𝒄 𝒓𝟐 = 𝒔−𝒃 𝜶
𝒔𝒊𝒏 = √
(𝒔−𝒃)(𝒔−𝒄)
𝟐 𝒃𝒄
𝟏 2015 ∆ 2013 𝒂𝒃𝒄 2014
∆= 𝟐 𝒂𝒃𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜸 𝒓= 𝒔
𝑹 = 𝟒∆
𝜶 𝒔(𝒔−𝒂) 2003,2016
𝒄𝒐𝒔 = √
𝟐 𝒃𝒄

CHAPTER # 13 INVERSE TRIGONOMETRIC

FUNCTIONS AND TRIGONOMETRIC
EQUATIONS

Exercise: 13.1
Solve:
Q.7 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝑨 + 𝑺𝒊𝒏−𝟏 𝑩 2018 𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏𝟑) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟕) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟗)
𝟏 𝟐 1993
= 𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 (𝑨√𝟏 − 𝑩𝟐 + 𝑩√𝟏 − 𝑨𝟐 ) 2002
Q.11 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2004,2008, 𝟏 𝟏 𝟑 2003
𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏𝟑) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟒) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟑) 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟕) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟖) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏𝟏)
2010,2013,
2014,2015
Q.13 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝝅 2006,2007, 𝟏 𝟏 𝟗 2018
𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟑) + 𝟐 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟕) = 𝟖
𝐓𝐚𝐧−𝟏 (𝟓) + 𝑻𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟒) = 𝑻𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟏𝟗)
2012
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 2005 𝟑 𝟒 𝝅 2001
𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟑) + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟕) = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 (𝟐) 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟓 + 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝟓 = 𝟐
𝝅
Q.18 𝐓𝐚𝐧−𝟏  + 𝐂𝐨𝐭 −𝟏  = 2016 Find 𝒙, 1994
𝟐
 P a g e | 21

𝟏 𝟏
if 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 𝒙
𝟑 𝟕

Q.14 𝐜𝐨𝐭 −𝟏  = 𝐜𝐨𝐬 −𝟏 1992,1998 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏
√𝟑 𝟏
+ 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ) + 1996
√𝟏+𝟐 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏
𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐 + 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒕𝒂𝒏(−𝟏))
𝝅
𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 1997,2017 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒔𝒊𝒏
√𝟑 𝟏
+ 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ) =
√𝟑 2000
𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐

Exercise: 13.2
Solve:
Q.1 𝒔𝒊𝒏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔 = 𝟏 1999,2013 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟐𝒙 – 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝟎 2000,2016
Q.2 √𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 2005 𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟓𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 1995
Q.2 2001 𝟏 1996
√𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒙 − 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙 = 𝟏 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟏 = 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝒙
Q.3 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜽 = 𝟐 1991,1998 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝒙 + 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒙 + 𝟐 = 𝟎 1998
Q.4 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟏 = 𝟎 2008,2011, √𝟏 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 − √𝟏 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝟏 2009
2017
Q.6 𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝟑 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏 = 𝟎 1997 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 − 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 − 𝟐 = 𝟎 2010
E.g.04
Q.11 √𝟑 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒙 – 𝒔𝒆𝒄𝒙 – 𝟏 = 𝟎 2002
Pg 366
𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐 𝜽 + 𝟐√𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 − 𝟑 = 𝟎 2006
Q.12 √𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽 + 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 = 𝟐 1993,2004, Q.15 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 + 𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧𝟐 𝜽 − 2003,2015
2007 𝟑 𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽 − 𝟑 = 𝟎
Q.16 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝜽𝒄𝒐𝒕𝜽 = 𝟑 2014, 2018