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UNIVERSITY OF GHANA

DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
UGRC 170: EXERCISE 1
February 2019

1. Use the laws of indices to simplify the following.


 − 32   34   4
3 −3
r
64 − 1 81 27a 64
ii. 4 + 17
 3
i. 27
3
iii. iv. v.
27 256 8b6 343
2. Solve for x in each of the following.
1 4x−3

i. 16x+1 = 22x−1 viii. 27x+1 = 243x xv. 8
= 643x+1
2 2 +1
ii. 32x = 0.25 ix. 28−x = 128−x xvi. 9x = 243−x
iii. 9x − 4(3x+1 ) + 27 = 0 x. 22x − 3(2x+1 ) + 5 = 0 xvii. 4x + 2 = 3(2x )
2 +4x 1 5x−1
iv. 3x = 81
xi. 32x − 3x+1 − 3x + 3 = 0 xviii. 125x+1
= 6252x−3
2 2 25
v. 32x = 4 2−x
xii. 33x = 729x xix. 5x−1
= 125x+2
x
vi. e2x − 8ex + 12 = 0 xiii. 4− 3 = 0.5 xx. 2
ex +1
= ex
x
vii. 5 2 = 0.2 xiv. ex − 3 − 4e− x = 0 xxi. e2x−1 = 3

3. Solve for x and y in each


 of the following pair xy
of equations
x+1 y−1 1 2x 1 y+2
i. 3 = 27 and 3 = 9 iv. 5 = (52 )3 and 22y = 4x−1
ii. 2x−y = 8 and 23x−y = 128 v. 2x+1 + 3y+1 = 11 and 2x − 2(3y ) = −5
iii. 84−x = 21−y and 9−y = 32x+1 vi. 3x + 2y+2 = 49 and 2y − 3x−2 = 5

4. Apply the laws of logarithm to simplify the following √


i. log√3 27 ii. log27 81 + log243 9 − 13 log9 3 iii. log √
2
3 8 + log16
4
3
log4 8 + log8 64 − 8 log16 2 6
5. Prove that =
log4 16 − log1 68 5

6. Solve for x in each of the following


i. 3x = 7 viii. logx 4 − log2 x = 1
ii. ex = 5 ix. log3 81 − 5 log3x 3 = −1
iii. ln(x2 − 12) − ln x = 0 x. log2 x = log4 (x + 6)
iv. log(log x) = 0 xi. log x − 21 log 2 = 21 log(x+4)
v. log(4 − x) = log(x + 8) + log(2x + 13) xii. log(2x2 + 5x − 2) = 1
log(x + 3)4x+1
vi. 1 + log(3x − 1) = log(2x + 1) xiii. =9
log(x + 3)x

vii. log4 x + log4 (x − 2) = log4 15 xiv. log3 (x2 − x − 2) = 2 log2 (x + 1)

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7. If x and y are positive real numbers and logx y + logy x2 = 3, express y in terms of x.
Hence find the possible values of x if y = 9.

8. If log2 p = x and log2 q = y,


p
a. Express p2 q and 2 as powers of
q
p 1
b. Find the values of x and y if p2 q = 16 and 2
=
q 32
3 1 1 1
(x 2 + x 2 )(x 2 − x− 2 ) x+1
9. Prove that 3 1 =
(x − x )2
2 2 x(x − 1)
1 1 1
10. Given that xy = a2 , show that + =
a+x a+y a
11. Solve for x and y in each of the following pairs of equations;
(i) logy x − 4 logx y = 0 and log10 x + log10 y = 1
(ii) log3 x = y = log9 (2x − 1)
(iii) log(x − y) + log 2 = 2 log y and log(x − 3y + 3) = 0
(iv) logx y = 2 and xy = 8
(v) log(y 2 + 1) = log 2 and log x = log(y + 3)
(vi) logy x = 2 and log2 x + log2 y = 3
(vii) log(x + y) = 0 and 2 log x = log(y + 1)
 
2 2 p+q
12. If p + q = 14pq prove that 2 log = log pq
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13. How long will it take for the money in an account that is compounded continuously at
3% interest to double ?

14. The amount Q(t) of a sample of a radioactive substance remaining after t years is given
by
Q(t) = Qo e−0.001t
Suppose that after 500 years, 100 grams of the substance remain. How many grams were
initially present ?

15. According to the U.S Census Bureau, the world population reached 6 billion people on
July 18,1999, and was growing exponentially. By the end of 2000, the population had
grown to 6.079 billion. The projected world population (in billions of people) t years after
2000, is given by the function defined by

f (t) = 6.079e0.0126t

(a) Based on this model, what will the world population be in 2010 ?
(b) In what year will the world population reach 7 billion ?

16. How long will it take money to triple if it is invested at 20% compounded annually ?

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