Full Circle Magazine - April 2019

Full Circle
THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU LINUX COMMUNITY

ISSUE #1 44 - April 201 9
Photo: Michael Coghlan
(Flickr.com)
LI N U X C E RTI F I E D
HOW TO BECOME CERTIFIED
full circle magazine #1 44 1
Fu ll Ci rcle M a g a zi n e i s n e i th e r a ffi li a te d wi th , n o r e n d o rse d b y, Ca n o n i ca l Ltd . contents ^
Python
HowTo
p.1 7
Full Circle
THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU LINUX COMMUNITY
Linux News p.04
Freeplane p.1 9 Command & Conquer p.1 5 Linux Loopback p.28 Everyday Ubuntu p.30
Using Netcat p.21 Ubuntu Devices p.XX The Daily Waddle p.34 My Opinion p.35
p.XX Book Review p.38 Letters p.XX My Story p.XX
Inkscape p.23 Q&A p.43 Linux Certified p.46 Ubuntu Games p.48
Graphics
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E D I T O R I AL
This magazine was created using :
WELCOME TO THE 1 2 TH YEAR OF FULL CIRCLE!

T hat's right folks. This issue marks TWELVE YEARS of Full Circle Magazine. Incredible. I have to
say a BIG thank you to all the people behind the scenes who help with writing articles every
month (both past and present), and those who proof-read (again, past and present). Without
them I doubt Full Circle would have lasted twelve issues, never mind twelve years!
This month we have the usual Python, Freeplane, and Inkscape. But we have a couple of new
things too. For the next little while SJ's Loopback column will be focusing on BSD in its many
guises. Prolific writer, Erik, has started a monthly series about becoming Linux Certified, and (for
good measure) he's thrown in a Linux themed crossword for this month. Please don't write the
answers on your screen! We can not be held responsible for that. Find Full Circle on:
goo.gl/FRTMl
Richard has dedicated this month's Everyday Ubuntu article to show how he writes an article
for FCM. Not that I'm hinting that you, yes you dear reader, should write an article. If we're to facebook.com/fullcircle
continue for another 1 2 years we need articles. So, you know, feel free to follow along with magazine
Richard and surprise me with an article. Go on. You know you want to. It won't take you long. twitter.com/#!/fullcirclemag
http://issuu.com/fullcircle
All the best, keep in touch, and heres to another 1 2 years! magazine
Ronnie
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full circle magazine #1 44 3 contents ^

N E WS
Submitted by Arnfried Walbrecht
FEDORA 30 B ETA RELEASED recently released GNOME 3.32

‘Taipei’ that comes with a total of
operating system. Android apps in windows, along
with the native Linux applications.
FOR B LEEDING -EDGE LINUX 26,438 changes. The base style Dubbed SPURV, the software is
EXPERIENCE colors are now saturated, and the an open source and available to But please note that for this to
D
overall visual style has been everyone. It will help users run work, the Linux desktop has to use
eveloped by the community- refreshed to offer a modern look. Android apps in the same graphical the Wayland display server.
driven Fedora Project and environment as a system running
sponsored by the IBM-owned Red Fedora Linux uses the DNF, or native applications alongside on The ability to run Android apps
Hat, Fedora Linux distribution is Dandified yum, software package desktop Linux. also offers some advantages over
known to feature cutting-edge manager to take care of different native Linux applications,
technologies that often inspire packages. To improve its SPURV software is basically a especially when it comes to the
other Linux distros to innovate; the performance, Fedora 30 Beta set of tools that lets you install a availability of apps and app
Wayland display server is one such compresses all its DNF repository fully functional Android OS in a developers.
example. Fedora also serves as a metadata with zchunk compression compartment and then facilitates
testing ground for Red Hat’s for higher efficiency. access to a computer’s graphics, But SPURV also has a downside
commercial RHEL distribution. audio, networking hardware, and to it — since you’d be essentially
Source: other such resources. running two OS at the same time,
The Fedora Project recently https://fossbytes.com/fedora-30- it could take a toll on your system’s
announced the release of Fedora beta-linux-features-download/ It is comparable to emulators resources and performance.
30 Beta to test its six variants: like Bluestacks which helps the
Workstation, Server, Silverblue, Android apps to run in windows Users should also know that
Spins, Labs, and ARM. The popular ‘SPURV’ P ROJECT LETS just like native apps, and that too pre-built binaries for SPURV are
Workstation desktop ships with with hardware-accelerated not available yet. This means you
GNOME and you also get the Y OU R UN A NDROID A PPS graphics, touchscreen displays, and will have to build it from the
option to go for KDE Plasma, Xfce, O N D ESKTOP LINUX other features. source code yourself.
A
Pantheon, and DeepinDE. The
Deepin DE and Pantheon desktops UK-based software However, SPURV has a Source:
shipping with Fedora 30 Beta are development Collabora has distinguishable feature which sets https://fossbytes.com/run-android-
the new options made available come up with an “experimental it apart from other software that apps-on-desktop-linux-with-spurv/
starting with this version. Talking containerized Android runs Android on a computer.
specifically about the GNOME environment,” which allows Termed as ‘SPURV HWComposer,’
environment, it ships with the Android apps to run in a Linux this feature helps in rendering
NEWS
FIRST ARCH LINUX ISO feature in the UDP
implementation, and support for
bespoke images of Ubuntu MATE
1 8.1 0 for the GPD Pocket and GPD
Source:
https://news.softpedia.com/news/
SNAPSHOT POWERED BY the binderfs file system to enable Pocket 2 that included hardware ubuntu-mate-1 9-04-and-1 8-04-2-
LINUX KERNEL 5.0 I S H ERE running of multiple Android specific tweaks to get these are-now-available-for-gpd-pocket-
A
instances. devices working “out of the box” and-gdp-pocket-2-525603.shtml
rch Linux 201 9.04.01 is the without any faffing about. Today
first ISO image of the widely Source: we are releasing Ubuntu MATE
used Linux-based operating
system, which follows a rolling
first-arch-linux-iso-snapshot-
1 8.04.2 and Ubuntu MATE 1 9.04
images for both devices," said
MX LINUX 1 8.2 IS HERE --
release model where you install powered-by-linux-kernel-5-0-is- Martin Wimpress. DOWNLOAD THE D EBIAN -
once and receive updates forever, here-525604.shtml BASED OPERATING SYSTEM
to ship with a kernel (version 5.0.5) As expected, the Ubuntu MATE NOW
from the latest Linux 5.0 series, 1 8.04.2 LTS (Bionic Beaver) and
along with the latest updates
released in March 201 9.
Linux kernel 5.0 brings several
U BUNTU MATE 1 9.04 AND
1 8.04.2 ARE N OW
AVAILABLE FOR GPD
Ubuntu 1 9.04 Beta (Disco Dingo)
releases for GPD Pocket and GPD
Pocket 2 bring numerous updates
and enhancements to make your
W ith the Linux Mint
development being severely
strained, and the future of that
particular operating system being
hardware enhancements over the
Linux 4.x series, including FreeSync
POCKET & GDP POCKET 2 GDP Pocket experience on Linux
much more pleasant. These include
in slight doubt, many Linux
C
"haters" are seemingly taking
support for AMD Radeon GPUs via oming six months after the the enablement of TearFree pleasure. Hardcore fans of
the open-source AMDGPU graphics release of Ubuntu MATE 1 8.1 0 rendering by default to prevent Microsoft Windows will point to
driver, which enables a stutter-free (Cosmic Cuttlefish) for the GPD tearing, and a usable GRUB boot the Mint situation as proof that
viewing experience on LCDs with Pocket and GPD Pocket 2 loader instance for both models. Linux (and open source ideology
dynamic refresh rates, and a new computers, the team lead by overall) doesn't have a future on
energy-aware scheduling feature talented Martin Wimpress released Track scrolling was enabled as the desktop. Thankfully, these
that improves power management today images of the Ubuntu MATE well when you hold down the right negative people couldn't be more
in devices using ARM big.LITTLE 1 8.04.2 LTS operating system, point button and touch screen wrong. Regardless of what
CPUs. which was possible thanks to the rotation has been updated to happens with Mint, Linux still has a
recent hardware enablement support both Wayland and X.Org bright future -- not only on mobile
Furthermore, the Linux 5.0 (HWE) stack upgrade, and the beta Server display server technologies, and servers, but desktop too.
kernel series adds support for version of Ubuntu 1 9.04 for the along with support for the xorg- Maybe that success will be Chrome
swap files in the Btrfs file system, tiny devices. video-intel and modesetting OS or Android. Whatever. The
support for the Adiantum file graphics drivers for the X.Org point is, the open source Linux
system encryption for low power "Back in October 201 8 the Server and frame buffer display kernel cannot be stopped.
devices in fscrypt, support for the Ubuntu MATE team released rotation.
GRO (Generic Receive Offload)
NEWS
As people are concerned about also released a bunch of devices in this collaboration will be Lenovo In the second article of that
Linux Mint, another distro has partnership with OEMs like Asus, devices running Snapdragon 850, series, we are going to tell you
been gaining in popularity. While HP, and Lenovo, and marketed which was introduced as a higher- about the preferred platforms for
not new, the attention it gets has them as “Always Connected binned version of 845. Yoga C630 development. The development
been growing lately. Called "MX Devices.” and Miix 630 are a couple of great platform is critical as it can either
Linux," it is based on the excellent machines with this chip and it make you fall in love with your
Debian Stable and uses the Earlier this year, when a project would be really interesting to see work or just drive you nuts. That’s
lightweight Xfce desktop named aarch64-laptops started Linux running on these laptops why Stack Overflow asked
environment by default. If you are gaining traction on GitHub, it that deliver ~20 hours battery life developers about the platforms
intrigued by this newly en vogue seemed like a great idea to run on Windows. they love working for and the ones
distro, I have good news -- a new Linux on ARM laptops. The project they’ve actually worked for in the
version is available for download. initially allowed users to run Source: past year.
While not a major release,the 1 8.2 Ubuntu on Snapdragon-powered https://fossbytes.com/red-hat-
ISO is chock full of changes, fixes, laptops like NovaGo TP370QL, HP fedora-bring-linux-arm-laptops/ As the article’s title has already
and of course, updated packages. Envy x2, and Lenovo Miix 630. Now, revealed, Linux is the most popular
If you are already running MX it has been revealed that Red Hat platform among the survey
Linux 1 8, there is no need to
download this ISO -- you will get all
is working with Fedora team to
bring Fedora Linux to such devices.
LINUX I S THE M OST respondents. Out of the 80,1 44
of these updates. POPULAR & LOVED responses, 53.3% were in favor of
Linux. This means that they’d done
Red Hat is known for its PLATFORM AMONG D EVS: development work for Linux over
Source:
https://betanews.com/201 9/04/09
commitment to the Linux hardware
and it seems like this joint effort
STACK O VERFLOW SURVEY the past year. This number has
J
increased from last year’s 48.3%,
/mx-linux-1 82-debvian/ will be enough to clear different ust yesterday, we brought you which is a really encouraging sign
roadblocks. Red Hat’s Peter the list of the most popular for the open source community.
Robinson, in a tweet, mentioned programming languages as per the
RED H AT AND FEDORA that such Fedora running ARM
laptops are coming “very soon.”
Stack Overflow’s annual developer Linux was followed by its closed
WORKING TO B RING LINUX- survey. Being the largest survey of
its kind, it’s able to deliver some
source nemesis Windows, which
gained 50.5% votes. For the first
POWERED ARM LAPTOPS Just recently, we witnessed the fascinating insights regarding the time, Stack Overflow included
I
release of Fedora 30 Beta and the current software development container technologies in the
n late 201 7, Microsoft launched final release is also around the landscape. We, unsurprisingly, survey, and Docker ended up at #3
Windows 1 0 on ARM to let users corner. So don’t expect Fedora on discovered that JavaScript with 31 .5% votes.
run its operating system on the the ARM laptop to ship in this continues to be the most popular
ARM processor-powered laptops, cycle. programming language with about Without a surprise, Linux also
especially the ones powered by 70% of respondents using it. turned out to be the most loved
Snapdragon chips. The company To start with, the initial focus of
NEWS
platform for development with update to GNOME 3.32.1 by using Hurd project, now hardly a pre-images of Initrd before the
83.1 % votes. It means that the official BuildStream project distribution comes without him. actual start of the system. The
developers surely loved working snapshot or by compiling the Because the modular boot loader change results from an attempt to
on Linux technologies. This is, sources packages. Of course, we supports a number of platforms start an alternate code before
again, an encouraging sign as this recommend installing GNOME and offers functions that are starting a system, for example, to
number has risen considerably as 3.32.1 from the official software searched for in other systems in fix bugs in an architecture in
compared to last year’s 76.5%. repositories of your favorite vain. Among other things, Grub can advance.
GNU/Linux distribution. access the operating system cores
Source: stored as files via the file system. Platform support has been
https://fossbytes.com/linux-is-the- In the good tradition of the In contrast to other bootloaders, further developed and existing
most-popular-loved-platform- release cycle of the GNOME Grub does not need to know the platforms have been improved.
among-devs-stack-overflow- desktop environment, the GNOME exact location of the files - New features include support for
survey/ 3.32 "Taipei" series will have a total however, one prerequisite is that RISC V systems and improved
of two point releases published Grub masters the file system itself. support for Xen. The support for
during its support period. GNOME For this purpose, the developers UEFI systems was further
GNOME 3.32 "TAIPEI " 3.32.2 will be the second and last have gradually expanded the
scheduled point release, expected loader with support for new file
expanded and Grub extended,
among other things, with a new
D ESKTOP ENVIRONMENT to arrive next month on May 8th. systems, so that Grub should also framework for UEFI Secure Boot
G ETS FIRST POINT RELEASE, be able to cope with new functions and UEFI TPM. Furthermore, the
U PDATE N OW Source:
of current platforms. framework can also be used by
external modules, so that, for
R eleased a month ago on March gnome-3-32-desktop-environment-

1 3th, GNOME 3.32 brings
numerous improvements over
gets-first-point-release-update-
now-525634.shtml
With the now released first
release candidate, the developers
behind the boot loader have
ushered in the final phase of the
example, Grub himself can verify
his signature by means of PGP. A
list of other changes can be found
in the changelog.
previous versions of the open-
source desktop environment used development of Grub 2.04 two
by numerous GNU/Linux years after the last release. After Source: https://www.pro-
distributions. Today, the first point G RUB 2.04 IS NEARING Grub has dealt with Btrfs partitions linux.de/news/1 /26962/grub-204-
release, GNOME 3.32.1 , is here to for over seven years, the n%C3%83%C2%A4hert-sich-der-
COMPLETION developers have further expanded fertigstellung.html
add a stability and reliability layer
T
by fixing bugs and updating the loader. Among other things,
he GRand Unified Bootloader the new version supports the
translations. (Grub) is one of the best compression using Zstd as well as
known free boot loaders. Once RAID5 and RAID6. In addition, Grub
Users who already installed the developed as a replacement for
GNOME 3.32.0 release can now now comes with the F2FS file
LILO in the context of the GNU system and is able to load various
NEWS
PRIVACYIDEA 3.0 RELEASED the user has given the consent to factors for users. For example, industry joke, there is a belief that
register. The user is logged in two-factor authentication can be it might get there by default.
I n the new version 3.0 of

privacyIDEA there are numerous
internal, but also some visible
automatically.
privacyIDEA is a powerful
implemented on web applications,
VPN, SSH and Windows or Linux
desktops. privacyIDEA accesses
Software King of the world
Microsoft is moving to Windows to
a Desktop-as-a-Service model, and
changes and new functionality. So system in which behavior can be existing user sources such as LDAP, it is possible that Linux will be the
the system based on the Python customized through policies. This Active Directory or SQL databases, last traditional PC desktop
framework Flask is now executable can become confusing for the but can also manage users if operating system standing. The
both under Python 2.7 and under administrator in complex systems. required. It supports a variety of only problem is that there is not a
Python 3. Furthermore, the Even so far, all actions that occur in authentication types such as OTP standardised Linux desktop. Even
database schema has been rebuilt the system have been recorded in (HOTP, TOTP, mOTP), IT’s Mr Sweary Linus Torvalds has
so that in the future it will be the audit log. Now the audit log Smartdisplayer OTP cards, said that he is tired of the
possible to assign one has been extended to include Nitrokeys, Yubikeys, smartphone fragmentation in the Linux
authentication device to multiple information on which policies apps like Google Authenticator, desktop and no major Linux
users. The old crypto library contributed to the decision and FreeOTP or TiQR, U2F and also SSH distributors are that interested in
pycrypto has been replaced with behavior of each action. This is to keys and X.509 certificates. With supporting the Linux desktop.
cryptography and the stored make the work easier for the its built-in, easy migration Linus would like to see a
signatures and encrypted data are administrator and the service desk. capability, it is an alternative to foundation create a common
now provided with a version tag, commercial products such as RSA desktop for all Linux distros and
which will make it easier to All changes can be read in detail SecurID, Vasco Indentikey or cloud the Linux world could finally reap
exchange crypto-mechanisms in in the change log. The new version solutions like DUO or SafeNet the benefits of standardisation.
the future. of privacyIDEA is available for Authentication Service.
download via Github or the Python "This would mean that many
The token management system Package Index. privacyIDEA can Source: https://www.pro- more Linux desktop developers
also adds a new token type. The also be installed on the Univention linux.de/news/1 /26965/privacyide could make a living from their
push token allows the Firebase Corporate Server via the a-30-erschienen.html work. That would improve the
service to send a push message to AppCenter. Possible installation Linux desktop overall quality. It's a
the user's smartphone if they want variants are described in the online virtuous cycle, which would help
to log in to an application. The user documentation. In addition, an
updated corporate edition will be
LINUX WILL BE THE LAST everyone", he said.
confirms the request on his
smartphone with just one click. available shortly with support and OPERATING SYSTEM LEFT ON Once this is sorted out, it would
The answer signed on the warranties. THE DESKTOP mean that Linux would replace
W
smartphone is sent back to Windows for those users who want
privacyIDEA, so that the privacyIDEA is a multi-factor hile the concept of Linux to keep their operating system on
application can now check whether authentication system that being the primary operating the desktop. It is a long way before
manages additional authentication system on the desktop is an any of this happens, but it is nice to
NEWS
think that some year Linux will
have its “Year of Linux on the
desktop” even if it is such a niche
owners -- particularly those who
enjoy gaming and may be new to
the desktop Linux world -- will
E ntroware currently sells up to
eight Linux laptops, namely
the 1 4" Apollo, 1 4" Orion, 1 5"
The Athena, Helios, and Zeus
laptops also got Nvidia GeForce
RTX 2060/2070/2080 graphics
product used by very few. discover a new feature I'm thrilled Aether, 1 5" Kratos, 1 6" Zeus, 1 7" cards featuring up to 8GB memory.
to see. Athena, 1 7" Helios, and 1 7" Hybris. It should be noted the fact that the
Source: The British computer company has Zeus laptop can only be purchased
https://www.fudzilla.com/news/pc- During an Ubuntu MATE 1 9.04 recently updated the hardware with the Nvidia GeForce RTX 2080
hardware/48507-linux-will-be-the- installation, (and other flavors in components of the Athena, Helios, Max-Q graphics card. Also, it would
last-operating-system-left-on-the- the Ubuntu 1 9.04 family*), users Proteus, and Zeus laptops with appear that the Helios laptop now
desktop can as always select the option to latest Nvidia GeForce RTX 20- features a 1 6GB RAM option and
install 3rd party software. Said series graphics and 8th and 9th the Proteus laptop a 8GB RAM and
software now includes Nvidia's Gen Intel CPUs. 1 20GB SSD options.
U BUNTU 1 9.04 D ELIVERS A proprietary graphics driver
"suitable for your generation of While the Proteus laptop All four laptops are now
WELCOME SURPRISE FOR Nvidia GPU." For example, if you received 8th Gen Intel CPUs shipping with the Ubuntu 1 8.04 LTS
N VIDIA GPU O WNERS have an Nvidia RTX 2080 Ti, you'll upgrade, allowing customers to (Bionic Beaver) operating system
U
get version 41 8. Laptop users with buy it with either the Intel Core i5 installed by default, though that
buntu 1 9.04 is a only few days an older GTX 960m would receive 8265U or Intel Core i7 8565U can choose to have it shipped with
away, and it's looking like the version 390. processors, both featuring 4 cores the Ubuntu MATE 1 8.04 LTS flavor
forthcoming Ubuntu Linux Gaming and 8 threads, the Athena and featuring the lightweight MATE
Report may get a slightly higher Source: Zeus laptops can now be desktop environment, as well as
score than expected. That's https://www.forbes.com/sites/jaso purchased with an Intel Core i7 the newer Ubuntu 1 8.1 0 (Cosmic
because the "out-of-box" graphics nevangelho/201 9/04/1 5/ubuntu- 8750H processor featuring 6 cores Cuttlefish) or the Ubuntu MATE
driver situation for Nvidia GPU 1 9-04-delivers-a-welcome-surprise- and 1 2 threads. 1 8.1 0 flavor.
owners is getting a very welcome for-nvidia-gpu-
update. owners/#724a2e8b3c93 On the other hand, the Helios You can purchase the updated
laptop now features 9th Gen Intel Athena, Helios, Proteus, and Zeus
On the Ubuntu MATE blog, CPUs, as customers can choose to laptops from Entroware's online
Martin Wimpress outlines what has
changed between the 1 8.1 0
ENTROWARE U PDATES I TS configure and buy it with either
the Intel Core i5 9600K processor
store starting today.
release last year and this week's LINUX LAPTOPS WITH 8TH with 6 cores, Intel Core i7 9700K Source:
release, calling Ubuntu MATE 1 9.04 G EN I NTEL CPU S, N VIDIA processor with 8 cores, or Intel https://news.softpedia.com/news/
a "modest upgrade." And there are
indeed some notable new features
RTX G RAPHICS Core i9 9900K processor with 8
cores and 1 6 threads.
entroware-updates-its-linux-pcs-
with-8th-gen-intel-cpus-nvidia-rtx-
so go check out those release graphics-525689.shtml
notes. But Nvidia graphics card
NEWS
of the Fedora community helped ready with the latest cloud and some time.
PENGWIN : A LINUX on their Fedora Remix for WSL -- container tools.
SPECIFICALLY FOR WINDOWS and they have the support of The default desktop also has a
SUBSYSTEM FOR LINUX Fedora leadership. The company is
also a Red Hat Business and
Now, if you're using Ubuntu in
production, you probably should
more consistent look. Ubuntu's
default Yaru theme, which first
W hen Microsoft and Canonical Technology Partner.

first announced they were
bringing the Linux shell to Pengwin, formerly WLinux,
though, is all Whitewater's. It's
stick with the Long Term Support
Ubuntu 1 8.04. After all, it comes
with ten years of support. But
there's a lot of tempting goodness
appeared in Ubuntu 1 8.1 0 now has
wider support with third-party
applications.
Windows 1 0 in Windows Another nice new visual feature
Subsystem for Linux (WSL) in 201 6, based on Debian Linux and work by in Disco Dingo, Ubuntu 1 9.04's
is fractional scaling for HiDPI
people couldn't believe it. Today, Microsoft Research. playful moniker.
on both Windows 1 0, you can run screens which is now available with
not only Canonical's Ubuntu, but Like other WSL Linux distros, Under the hood, Ubuntu 1 9.04 both the X-org and Wayland
Debian, Kali, openSUSE, and SUSE Pengwin primarily provides a shell. runs on top of the Linux 5.0 kernel. windows manager. In English, what
Linux Enterprise Server (SLES), as That's not to say you can't run While this kernel doesn't include that means is this makes reading
well. Now, you can also run a Linux graphical programs on it. You can. any powerhouse improvements, it fonts, especially in the terminal, on
designed to work with WSL from To do this, however, you must brings some decent updates. These HD screens much easier.
moment one: Whitewater install a Windows-based X server, include: support for AMD Radeon
Foundry's Pengwin. such as X41 0. RX Vega M graphics processor and Source:
Intel Cannonlake graphics. It also https://www.zdnet.com/article/ub
The only thing I find surprising Source: comes with USB 3.2 and Type-C untu-1 9-04-comes-refreshed-with-
about this is that it took so long. https://www.zdnet.com/article/pe and power-savings improvements. the-linux-5-0-kernel/
WSL will never be popular with the ngwin-a-linux-specifically-for-
hoi polloi, but sysadmins and windows-subsystem-for-linux/ What I found much more
developers love being able to run interesting is it comes with the
brand new GNOME 3.32 desktop.
RED H AT TAKES OVER THE
Linux on their office Windows MANAGEMENT OF O PEN JDK
machines. U BUNTU 1 9.04 COMES The changes in this release are
primarily on the surface. It comes 8 AND 1 1
REFRESHED WITH THE LINUX
R
That said, this isn't with a refreshed look featuring
Whitewater's first Linux distro for 5.0 KERNEL new app icons and many of ed Hat is stewarding the
T
WSL. Earlier, the company released saturated base colors. The buttons Oracle OpenJDK 8 and
versions of Red Hat Enterprise he heart of the Linux desktop are also more rounded and have a OpenJDK 1 1 projects after
Linux (RHEL) and Fedora. Neither beats on with the latest softer "shadow" border. The result Oracle's withdrawal and licensing
have Red Hat's support. But, release of Canonical's Ubuntu is a more vivid, vibrant look, which I change, according to the Linux
according to Whitewater, members distribution: Ubuntu 1 9.04. But, in like a lot -- and I've not been a fan expert.
addition, the server version comes of GNOME's appearance for quite
NEWS
With the takeover of the
leadership, Red Hat reiterated the
future direction of Java and
OpenJDK.
On top of the new visual N ETRUNNER ROLLING
support of the Java community
experience that will benefit those
who want to migrate from
201 9.04 D ELIVERS A
and wants to follow a similar path Source: https://www.linux- Windows to Linux, the Ubuntu M ANJARO LINUX-BASED
as in the project control of
OpenJDK 6 and OpenJDK 7. Oracle
magazin.de/news/red-hat-
uebernimmt-die-leitung-von-
Kylin 1 9.04 release adds a timer POLISHED D ESKTOP
N
utility, a file preview function in
announced in late 201 8 that the openjdk-8-und-1 1 / the file manager, a window merge etrunner Linux distro is
binary releases for Java would no function in the taskbar, a simplified available in two versions:
longer be free after six months network setting tool in the panel, Netrunner, which is based on the
patch. This also applies to Open as well as the latest Kingsoft WPS testing branch of Debian and
JDK, which publishes Java in
source code. Red had then
U BUNTU KYLIN 1 9.04 ADDS Office suite and Sogou input Netrunner Rolling, which is based
announced to jump with their own A N EW VISUAL E XPERIENCE, method. on Manjaro Linux. The developer
team recently released the latest
LTS versions in the BBresche. LATEST WPS O FFICE SUITE Just like Ubuntu 1 9.04 (Disco Netrunner Rolling 201 9.04
Lifecycles is introducing Red Hat
C
Dingo), Ubuntu Kylin 1 9.04 is snapshot, and you can download
here. hinese Ubuntu users will be powered by the latest Linux 5.0 the 64-bit ISO file right away.
happy learn that the Ubuntu kernel for the best in the market
In the new role as steward of Kylin 1 9.04 operating system has hardware support, upgraded Starting with the basics,
the update versions of OpenJDK 8 been released as part of the biometric authentication Netrunner Rolling 201 9.04 is
and OpenJDK 1 1 , Red Hat intends Ubuntu 1 9.04 (Disco Dingo) series, framework and manager, improved powered by Linux kernel 4.1 9.32
to work with the community to a release that adds various Youker Weather and Youker LTS. It ships with KDE Plasma
drive further innovation, Red enhancements and updated Assistant applets, as well as many 5.1 5.3 desktop and KDE
announces in the announcement. components. other smaller improvements for a Applications 1 8.1 2.3; version 1 9.04
better Ubuntu Kylin experience. of KDE Applications has just been
Red Hat announced that the Featuring the same internal released and you can install that as
company has been a member of improvements as the Ubuntu 1 9.04 Source: well.
the OpenJDK community since (Disco Dingo) operating system, https://news.softpedia.com/news/
2007 and one of the largest Ubuntu Kylin 1 9.04 shops with a ubuntu-kylin-1 9-04-adds-a-new- The most visible change in
contributors. Andrew Haley, Java fresh and all-new visual experience visual-experience-latest-wps- Netrunner Rolling comes in the
Technical Lead at Red Hat, has through a unified style that office-suite-525754.shtml form of a new dark theme that’s
been Project Leader for OpenJDK revamps the boot animation, login powered by Kvantum theme
8 and OpenJDK 1 1 since February and lock screens, adds a engine. Kvantum is an SVG-based
201 9. He has also been an active transparency effect to the engine for Qt; it’s also optimized
member of the OpenJDK applications menu, notification for LXQt and KDE desktops. So,
Governing Board for seven years area, and taskbar, as well as other thanks to the Alpha-Black Plasma
and is helping to determine the smaller enhancements.
NEWS
theme and Kvantum engine, you Source: settings menu. Bundled with the same new
now get a 3D-looking, dark design. https://fossbytes.com/netrunner- features and improvements
rolling-201 9-04-manjaro-linux/ Additionally, Pop!_OS 1 9.04 implemented by Canonical in the
Firefox shipping with Netrunner comes with a "Refresh Install" Ubuntu 1 9.04 (Disco Dingo)
Rolling comes with Plasma- option on new installations that operating system series, Lubuntu
Integration addon which brings
visual feedback when downloading
SYSTEM 76 RELEASES lets users reinstall the operating
system without losing their
1 9.04 is here as the second
Lubuntu release to ship with the
files. P OP !_OS 1 9.04 FOR I TS personal data in the Home modern and lightweight LXQt
LINUX PCS, B ASED ON directory, nor the existing users. desktop environment by default as
Users can also access all UI-
related KCM modules under a
U BUNTU 1 9.04 This feature is not available when
upgrading Pop!_OS. Being based
the development team's focus is
now only on LXQt, not the old
common section “Plasma Tweaks”
in the sidebar Layout. Lastly, a new
category named “Webapps” has
B ased on the recently released on
Ubuntu 1 9.04 (Disco Dingo)
Ubuntu 1 9.04 (Disco Dingo),
Pop!_OS 1 9.04 is powered by Linux
operating system, Pop!_OS 1 9.04 is kernel 5.0.
been added to the menu; it lists all here to offer System76 computer
LXDE desktop environment, which
is no longer supported.
Apart from the LXQt 0.1 4.1
the popular website links. owners a highly customized and Source: desktop environment, which
beautified GNOME desktop https://news.softpedia.com/news/ already offers users a much-
There are a few distros that environment with a brand-new icon system76-releases-pop-os-1 9-04-
for-its-linux-pcs-based-on-ubuntu-
improved and richer LXQt
boast of a great out-of-the-box theme, as well as top-notch experience, the Lubuntu 1 9.04
KDE desktop experience. Just like hardware support for their 1 9-04-525773.shtml release ships with up-to-date
KDE Neon, the Netrunner Rolling machines and all the latest components including the Mozilla
edition is also known for its software updates included Firefox 66.0 web browser,
visually pleasing and fluid KDE
Plasma experience.
upstream. LUBUNTU 1 9.04 RELEASED LibreOffice 6.2.2 office suite with
the Qt 5 frontend, VLC 3.0.6 media
WITH LATEST LXQ T player, Trojitá 0.7 email client, and
Among the highlights of the
Netrunner developers list the Pop!_OS 1 9.04 operating system, D ESKTOP AND CALAMARES Featherpad 0.9.3 text editor.
exclusive packages and under the
hood patching as reasons to
we can mention a Slim Mode I NSTALLER The Plasma Discover 5.1 5.4
T
option for application windows
choose Netrunner Rolling over that reduces the height of their he Lubuntu 1 9.04 operating software center from the KDE
Manjaro Linux. Additionally, header bars to maximize the system has been released as Plasma 5.1 5.4 desktop
Netrunner packages get updated screen's real estate, along with a part of the Ubuntu 1 9.04 (Disco environment has been included as
less frequently and they undergo Dark Mode for those who prefer to Dingo) series, a version that brings well in Lubuntu 1 9.04 as default
more rigorous testing. work at night in an eye strain free various enhancements and up-to- graphical package manager. Under
environment. Both features can be date components. the hood, Lubuntu 1 9.04 is
enabled in the Appearance powered by the latest Linux 5.0
kernel and uses the Qt 5.1 2.2
NEWS
application framework. considerable changes at the largest project the foundation has
moment. N ETB EANS AND ever adopted. In addition to
Source: At the moment we don’t have a S KYWALKING AS NEW TOP- NetBeans itself, it also received
https://news.softpedia.com/news/l certain list of features and changes LEVEL PROJECTS OF THE the so-called »NetBeans IDE
ubuntu-1 9-04-released-with-latest- that will be a part of the next Download Packages« from Oracle,
lxqt-desktop-and-latest-calamares- release, it’s certain that the APACHE FOUNDATION which provided plug-ins with
T
installer-525772.shtml upcoming GNOME 3.34 will keep support for many languages
on adding its performance and he Apache Software besides Java SE. The ASF first
visual improvements to Ubuntu. Foundation (ASF) has now separated the Java IDE and the
dismissed NetBeans and
U BUNTU 1 9.1 0 As this will be the last regular SkyWalking from the incubator and
plugins in various repositories and
focused on "Apache NetBeans
D EVELOPMENT H AS Ubuntu release before next year’s declares them to be top-level (incubating)" itself. The IDE has
STARTED — D AILY B UILD major Ubuntu 20.04 LTS release, I projects of the foundation. The
Apache incubator is a transit
since been published in the
ISO I MAGES N OW don’t expect 1 9.1 0 to bring any
major changes. However, there are station for projects that want to
Incubator in versions 1 0 and 1 1 .
With NetBeans 1 0, the plugins for
AVAILABLE slim chances that the Ubuntu become a full-fledged top-level JavaScript, PHP and Groovy
U
desktop team might use it as a ASF project. In addition to legal became officially accessible again.
buntu 1 9.04 desktop arrived testing ground for some big and fiscal aspects, the focus is Last year, on the ASF blog, the
in a variety of flavors last feature additions. Overall, we’ll primarily on the quality of code foundation said all NetBeans plug-
week and it turned out to be a just have to wait and watch. development and the formation of ins would be subject to a
well-received release. Thanks to a sustainable community. compatibility and license review
certain GNOME 3.32 tweaks, the The full codename of 1 9.1 0 is when NetBeans leaves the
open source desktop feels a bit yet to be revealed but we now Developed since 1 996, the open incubator. NetBeans is used in
snappier. Linux 5.0 has also added have the adjective. Ubuntu source project NetBeans IDE is a many organizations and
support for newer hardware and Launchpad, the Ubuntu code hub, development environment that companies, including NASA, NATO,
brought better mitigation for has now revealed that the first half supports C, C ++, Python, Ruby and Airbus and Boeing.
Spectre and Meltdown flaws. of codename is Eoan. As per PHP as well as Java. Acquired by
Merriam-Webster, it’s an adjective Sun Microsystems in 1 999, SkyWalking, the second project
The release of Ubuntu 1 9.0 has that means “of or relating to the NetBeans moved to Oracle in 201 0 that is now a first-class citizen of
also kickstarted the Ubuntu 1 9.1 0 dawn or the east.” with the acquisition of Sun, which the ASF, is less well-known and
development process. The daily delivered the project as NetBeans falls into the category of
build ISO images are also now Source: 9.0 in 201 6 to the ASF, where it has Application Performance
available for download and testing. https://fossbytes.com/ubuntu-1 9- since been further developed in Management (APM) and monitors
You can go ahead and install them 1 0-features-release-date- the incubator. the performance and availability of
on a secondary system or virtual download-codename/ software applications. SkyWalking
machine but you won’t notice any For the ASF, NetBeans is the focuses on cloud and container
NEWS
applications. The still young operating systems, expected to hit computer, nor for any production Source:
project was started in 201 5 and the streets later this year on work you might do. https://news.softpedia.com/news/
transferred to the ASF incubator in September 1 1 th. During its entire gnome-3-34-desktop-environment-
December 201 7. It is used by development cycle, GNOME 3.34 The next development development-kicks-off-with-first-
companies such as Alibaba, will be developed under the milestone in the development snapshot-525791 .shtml
Huawei, China Eastern Airlines and GNOME 3.33.x umbrella. cycle of the GNOME 3.34
China Merchants Bank. "Thessaloniki" desktop
Work on the GNOME 3.34 environment will be GNOME
Source: https://www.pro- desktop environment begun a few 3.33.2, due for release next month
linux.de/news/1 /27002/netbeans- weeks ago, after the launch of the on May 22nd, followed by two
und-skywalking-als-neue-top-level- GNOME 3.32 "Taipei" desktop more such milestones, GNOME
projekte-der-apache- environment, which is already the 3.33.3 and 3.33.4, on June 1 9th and
foundation.html default desktop environment of July 1 7th respectively.
the recently released Ubuntu 1 9.04
(Disco Dingo) operating system The GNOME 3.34 desktop
GNOME 3.34 D ESKTOP and other GNU/Linux distributions. environment will enter beta
testing in August 201 9. Two beta
ENVIRONMENT If you want to test the GNOME releases will be provided to
D EVELOPMENT KICKS O FF 3.33.1 release, you'll have to testers, on August 7th and August
WITH FIRST S NAPSHOT download the official BuildStream 21 st, and a Release Candidate (RC)
project snapshot or manually milestone is expected to hit the
G NOME 3.34 will be the next

major release of the popular
free and open-source desktop
compile the sources. But keep in
mind that this is a very early
streets on September 4th, a week
before the final release on
development build, so don't install September 1 1 th, 201 9.
environment for Linux-based and use it on a production

C O M M AN D & C O N Q U E R
Written by Lucas Westermann
N o t e T a ki n g
T he last few months have seen
me spending more time trying
to collaborate with other people
just change the access level of the
repo.
very user friendly for those less
comfortable on the CLI).
plan time estimates out. Overall,
it’s a pretty nice choice for a
project planner that everyone can
(on statically generated websites, Once I’ve pushed the basic That’s pretty much it. All the access.
generally). In doing so, I’ve structure into the repo, it’s usually discussions and bug tracking
discovered a system that I find
works well for me, and for most of
a joint effort when it comes to
creating or carrying over content.
happens in the repository itself. If
documentation is required, I’ll use
G OTCHAS
the people I’ve worked with. As I’ll usually set up an example or the Wiki function. If you want to First and foremost, you need to
such, I wanted to share my method two as guidelines to follow, but I have a collaborative brainstorming make sure you’re using a good
with my readers, and a few gotchas find having the other person session, I wouldn’t recommend .gitignore before you start working
I ran into along the way. generate as much content as trying to fit it all into an issue on with a lot of static site generators.
possible allows them to feel GitLab, but something like At the bare minimum, you should
THE SETUP comfortable with the process
quicker.
Discord/Wire/Slack/etc. can help a
group quickly plan out ideas.
make sure to ignore
node_modules/ and .DS_Store. I
I start by setting up any project Alternatively, you can go old- also include the output files for
in a private git repository on Once the content is largely school with a good ol’ phone call. the generated site, any cached
GitLab, and sharing the repository there (even if in draft form), that is folders, the Resources folder in the
with other people (or having the when I start creating templates
and shortcodes, or tweaking
WHY G ITLAB? case of Hugo, and any other hidden
other person set it up, depending files that can show up. The reason
on who should have ownership of standard settings for special use- I started using GitLab before for this is really quite simple - it
it). Once the repository is created, I cases. The reason for this is pretty GitHub offered private slows down your pushes, and the
bootstrap out the folder structure simple - if the content isn’t there, repositories to free users, which is node_modules files need to be
and install the tools we need (such it’s hard to tell what repeats often the main reason I’m still using it. I installed on the client anyways, so
as a package.json for Node). The enough to warrant a shortcode, or also just generally find the there’s no benefit to keeping it in
reasoning here is simple - I want a what elements you want to put features offered in GitLab are a the repo.
repository where the major into a partial template to reduce little less tucked away for new
structure won’t change too much repetition. users to adjust to. Also, try to commit groups of
over the course of the project, and files at a time using GitHub
having control over who has access Managing the actual commits I’ve never had a repo go over Desktop, as it’s easier to roll back a
is useful at the start of a project. If and repository is done using the 1 0GB storage limit, and the feature if each commit is dedicated
you want to open-source it later, GitHub Desktop or the command- issue tracker allows people to to one change or topic. This also
line (although the desktop app is assign tasks to themselves and doesn’t need to be done after
COMMAND & CONQUER
every change, but just take some good idea to reduce them down. If programmer to use git. I can see
time to check/uncheck the you don’t know what size you want this approach being useful for
corresponding files while creating exactly, you can still make managing documentation for
the commit. You can also do this in assumptions about the maximum something, or a curated cookbook
the CLI, but it requires you size you’ll ever need. Crop or scale (as I have done for C&C at one
adjusting the commit, or adding images before committing them to point). Even if the repository stays
things manually instead of with the repository. It will make the largely empty, you still have access
“git add .” pushes run smoother, and save to an issue tracker, Wiki, and other
space in the long run. useful tools.
Merge conflicts - sometimes
you start a change while someone
else is plugging away remotely,
Issues - in GitLab, I tend to put
multiple items in a single issue
CONCLUSION
only to find out you need to pull (such as “design issues” full of CSS I hope this article is helpful to
before you can push your changes changes that need to be fixed). As I anyone who is trying to collaborate
to the server… Then it turns out go through fixing them, I use with other people, but hasn’t yet
that some of the changes you’ve strikethrough formatting to show found an ideal way to keep
made were done by someone else which items are done and which everyone up to date. If you have
too. It can be a bit of a pain, but are not, while also commenting the any comments, questions, or
there’s nothing more to do than to commit hash value. This way, suggestions, feel free to email me
go through and sort out any anyone who reads the issue can at lswest34+fcm@gmail.com.
conflicts that can’t be get a good grasp on the timeline
automatically remedied. Just keep of edits, and I can check back to
this in mind, and remind the other see when exactly I fixed an issue
people you’re working with to pull (in case it’s mistakenly re-created
regularly (in the day and age of later). Also, if you aren’t
Dropbox, some beginners have subscribed, tagged, being replied
trouble to remember it’s a manual to, or assigned to an issue, you
sync). won’t get email notifications for
comments. Keep that in mind if
Image files - those you’re you want to receive them anyways.
working with should have a
shortlist of things to do to reduce
overall image sizes. Since a lot of
CAN I USE THIS FOR OTHER Lucas has learned all he knows from
repeatedly breaking his system, then
images from DSLRs or mirrorless THINGS TOO ? having no other option but to
discover how to fix it. You can email
cameras (and even some phones) Lucas at: lswest34@gmail.com.
can have massive resolutions, it’s a Sure! You don’t need to be a
H O W-TO
Written by Greg Walters P yt h o n I n T h e R E AL W o rl d P t . 9 2
F irst, I would like to
congratulate Ronnie and the
entire FCM staff for 1 2 years of
Note : The information presented
in this article is not meant to be an
in-depth teaching article on Python
def name(positional_only_parameters, /,
positional_or_keyword_parameters, *,
keyword_only_parameters):
FCM! I am honoured to be a small programming using the PEP 570 I borrowed the following from the PEP announcement, which I believe
part of this wonderful publication. syntax. It's intended to only give illustrates the syntax a bit more clearly...
you a digested overview of what to
Now on to the meat of this expect, once it is implemented, def f(pos1, pos2, /, pos_or_kwd, *, kwd1, kwd2):
month's article... and to encourage you to do more
-----------
|
----------
|
----------
|
research into the subject on your | Positional or keyword |
On April 4, 201 9, PEP 570 own. | -- Keyword only
(Python Enhancement Proposal) -- Positional only
was accepted by the Python
Steering Council, which includes SOME BACKGROUND software that calls it. only AND positional-or-keyword
Guido van Rossum. While it is parameters need to have defaults
unknown how soon it will be able Currently, Python uses what is The new syntax for function as well.
to be implemented, the changes called positional-or-keyword definitions would look like that 5) Positional-only parameters
this brings suggest that we all parameters. When we define a shown above. which do not have default values
should considering getting up to function, as we all know, we do it are REQUIRED positional-only
speed on the subject sooner than like this... Here are some important notes: parameters.
later. 1 ) All parameters left of the / are
def my_function(parm1=None, treated as positional-only. To show some of the
Here is the link for the official
parm2, *args, **kwds):
2) If / is not specified in the ramifications of these changes,
page explaining the changes: ... function definition, that function let's look at how we would access a
https://www.python.org/dev/peps does not accept any positional-only function under the new
/pep-0570/#specification and for the most part, that is arguments. requirements. Again, I borrowed
sufficient for most purposes. 3) The logic around optional values the following lines from the PEP
and the original PEP can be found However, if someone wants to for positional-only parameters announcement...
at... design a library, the number of remains the same as for positional-
parameters, placement and or-keyword parameters. If we have only positional_only
https://discuss.python.org/t/pep- parameter names need to stay the 4) Once a positional-only arguments, you would use a
570-python-positional-only- same from release to release. parameter is specified with a definition like this…
parameters/1 078 Otherwise, it will break any default, the following positional-
HOWTO - PYTHON
def my_function(p1, p2, /): a default value for a parameter is
Therefore the following would be valid function
… defined, all subsequent definitions:
parameters, positional_only and
It’s pretty much as what we are positional_or_keyword inclusive def name(p1, p2, /, p_or_kw, *, kw):
used to right now, with the must have a default value as well.
def
def
name(p1,
name(p1,
p2=None, /, p_or_kw=None, *, kw):
p2=None, /, *, kw):
exception of the “, /” characters. This does not apply, however to def name(p1, p2=None, /):
This satisfies the first condition keyword_only parameters. The def name(p1, p2, /, p_or_kw):
def name(p1, p2, /):
above. Per condition 2 above, in following,
this case, the “/” must be included, Just like today, the following would be valid function
or it will cause a syntax error. The def my_function(p1 = None, p2 definitions:
next example shows a = None, /, *, kw):
… def name(p_or_kw, *, kw):
positiona_only parameter set def name(*, kw):
where the second parameter has a would be perfectly valid and fine.
default value of ‘None’. This is
consistent with condition 3 above. A final borrowing from the
def my_function(p1, p2 =
specification document is shown
None, /): top right.
…
That’s all I have this time, so I
However, if the parameter for wish you a great upcoming month.
“p1 ” has a default value, per
condition #4, ‘p2’ would also need
to have a default value assigned as
well. So,
def my_function(p1 = None, Greg Walters is a retired
p2, /): programmer living in Central Texas,
… USA. He has been a programmer
since 1 972 and in his spare time, he
would result in a syntax error. is an author, amateur photographer,
luthier, fair musician and a pretty
def my_function(p1 = None, p2 darn good cook. He still is the owner
= None, /, p_or_kw): of RainyDaySolutions a consulting
… company and he spends most of his
time writing articles for FCM and
tutorials. His website is
Would also be invalid, since www.thedesignatedgeek.xyz .
condition #4 above says that once
H O W-TO
Written by Elmer Perry F re e p l a n e P t . 1 3
I recently took two months off
from writing articles, and I
focused on other things in my life.
When I returned to writing again, I
discovered Freeplane had gone
through a couple of updates. When
Freeplane went from 1 .6 to 1 .7,
bug fixes and cosmetic changes
were made, and the interface got
new features added. This month, already in place, but when a node make the alias global. The OK filter a specific type of node. When
I'm looking at the editor changes is on the other side of the map, button saves the settings, and filtering by an alias, Freeplane
made by the programmers. As of making these links becomes Cancel closes the dialog without doesn't care whether the alias is
this writing, the latest stable cumbersome. Node aliases make any changes. global or not.
version is 1 .7.5, and you can referencing important nodes
download it at
https://www.freeplane.org/wiki/in
easier. Freeplane allows two types
of aliases, regular and global. A
ALIAS AS A FILTER N ODE PATHS
dex.php/Home. global alias is directly accessible, Now that you have an alias, you Now that you have a node alias,
while a regular one is not. want to use it. You can filter a you will want to use it for
The installation is pretty
straightforward, and updates your search or conditional style based something. In the new release of
To create an alias, select the on a filter. When creating a Freeplane, you can create a path to
current version of Freeplane. If you node you want and follow the
choose to stay with the 1 .6 release, condition, you select "alias" from any node in the map, and the
menus Edit > Node properties > the "criteria" drop-down. The drop- quickest path leads to a global
the features I discuss this month Set node alias. The Alias dialog
will not work. down list for the "object" is a list of alias. Aliases can help to make the
pops up. In the text box, type a aliases in the current map. path to a wordy node easier to
name for the alias. The name must compile.
N ODE ALIASES contain at least one letter but can Since aliases work as a tag for
have numbers and underscores the node, you can have nodes with For the examples, I'm using the
You can reference and link too. Spaces are not allowed. Check the same alias name. You can use branch shown top right.
nodes together through features the Globally accessible checkbox to this as a type descriptor to quickly
My examples of paths are as
internal links, but node paths work
HOWTO - FREEPLANE
in scripts using the node.at to it. The tilde (~) is used to description of node paths, you can the filter's condition.
function, too. reference aliases, but when a click on the link:
global alias starts the path the https://sourceforge.net/p/freeplan In previous versions, if you
When using paths as links, the colon (:) is added. This path jumps e/discussion/758437/thread/9505 wanted to export a branch, you
pattern is #at(path). To add a link straight to the Elmer node. 30ab/. On the forum page, had to copy it to a new map. Now,
to a node, use the quick keys developer Dimitry Polivaev you can export without creating a
CTRL+K. You enter the #at() path Example 3a: provides more details. new file. After activating the node,
into the text box. #at(:~Elmer/'This...'/'Team') select the menus File > Export
Example 1 : Here we use the global alias O THER FEATURES branch. A ‘save file’ dialog pops up.
Browse to the location where you
#at(/'Elmer'/'This...'/'Team' Elmer to start a path to another want to create the file. After you
/'Tina') node. The path will activate the If you press an unassigned
function key, Freeplane presents a choose the file type and give it a
Team node. But there is a better name, click the Save button.
The path in this example starts way. The node "This is a long node" dialog to create a shortcut to a
at the root node. The root is has an alias of LongNode. We can menu. If you don't want this
denoted by the backslash (/) at the feature, you can check the box Finally, the documentation and
change the path to example 3b. tutorial maps have been updated
beginning. The backslash also ‘Don't ask me again’, and Freeplane
separates the individual nodes. will ignore the pressing of to reflect the latest release. A big
Example 3b: "Thank you" from me to the
Elmer in single quotes points to #at(:~Elmer/~LongNode/'Team') unassigned function keys. Besides
the first node from the root. The the checkbox, you can change this programmers for this one. The
next node in the path looks for a By directly addressing the alias, option in Tools > Preferences. The updated information makes my
node that starts with the word we don't take any chance on keystrokes tab has a checkbox work a little easier.
This. The ellipses (...) shows the another node containing the text labeled ‘Ignore Unassigned F-keys’.
node has more characters after the "This" getting in our way. Check the box to ignore the key And there you have it, These
word quoted. The last two nodes in presses, and uncheck it to get the are just some of the features and
the path demonstrate referencing Example 4: assignment dialog. updates found in Freeplane 1 .7.
a node by text. If you click on the #at(:~Elmer/~LongNode/'Team'/ For a full list, see the tutorial map
link for a node assigned this path,
~3
Sometimes, when you create a included with the update.
Tina becomes the active node. filter, you want to flip the results,
In the path, we continue the meaning you want everything that
previous one a bit further. The ~3 doesn't match the conditions. Now,
Example 2: at the end selects the third child of you can. In both the search and the
#at(:~Elmer) Elmer Perry is a technical support
the node Team, Paul. conditional formatting dialog, you rep for an international keyless
This example shows the power have a checkbox tagged ‘Deny’. access company. He enjoys writing,
of global aliases. Since Elmer is a These are just a few examples Checking the box creates a filter
woodworking, and technology. He
of the use of aliases and node lives in Leicester, NC with his wife.
global alias, we can jump directly with everything that doesn't match
paths. For a more detailed
H O W-TO
Written by Erik
U s e N e tca t
Web: Looking at the man page for It is also very handy to check forever.
http://netcat.sourceforge.net/ netcat is bleh. Netcat is better your router ports, consider the
Version: 0.7.1 (2004) understood with examples. Don't following: As you can see, crafting custom
N
go rushing off installing bro pages, scans is very easy in netcat, which
etcat is a utility that uses netcat is not listed in it yet. The Here (shown below) I scanned in turn, makes crafting your own
TCP/IP to read and write data basic syntax for netcat is: my router, ports 50-60, and tools very easy.
across network connections. It is discovered that port 53 is open.
mainly used for testing TCP and netcat [options] host port The reason I knew it would be is By adding a u after -vnz = -vnzu,
UDP connections, but it is so much because DNS uses port 53. (further will do the scan via UDP, very
more. Some people refer to it as You can use netcat typed out in reading here: handy for servers.
the Swiss army knife of network full, or simply shortened to nc. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_
tools. Netcat is all about network of_TCP_and_UDP_port_numbers) Let's not kid about the power of
connections, monitoring, testing, As stated before, netcat is a If it was not - and I had no internet netcat. Hackers can use netcat to
and sending data with this admin utility that does things via TCP/IP; connectivity, this would be why. I make a backup of all your data and
tool. should you require UDP, you have used switches -vnz (clumped, I have your server send it to them!
to specify the -u switch. If you are could also have used -v -n -z) as: Hacker is seen in such a negative
If - for some reason, you don't using ports 1 -1 024, you will require v - verbose output light, let's call it 'Rogue
have it, install it with: root privileges, anything else is n - no DNS lookup administrator doing an
fine as a normal user. You can add z - don't send data to the ports unauthorized backup'? Hello
sudo apt install netcat netcat to your scripts and it will w - is just so that the listening GDPR?
work just fine. You can also use times out and does not wait
Any system administrator or netcat to scan a range of ports
hacker – we don't judge which way (this is called port scanning), to
you lean – should have a solid test if your firewall setup was
understanding of netcat. Skilled successful.
system administrators can do
almost all of their work using the IMPORTANT - When scanning
built-in tools without having to addresses on your internet
install additional software, and, connection, make sure that your
indeed, netcat is baked into most ISP allows this, so that you do not
distributions. get banned from the network.

HOWTO - NETCAT
For the sake of completion, let days before Teamviewer and the So far we have used netcat with looping, as if you did not, it would
us explore this. On your laptop run likes, we used the screen command IP addresses, you can also use otherwise stop after serving the
the following command: to mirror a screen and chat to one domain names, which make it index page once.
another. Another way of chatting, handy for testing your websites.
nc -lp 8888 | sudo dd
of=/home/backups/image.img.gz
server to server, or workstation to The syntax is: There is lots more netcat can
workstation, would be via netcat. do, and many ways a sharp mind
then, on your server, run: Just go typing everything before netcat domain.com port can form this versatile tool.
the pipe '|' in the example, on one Examples include TCP banner
dd if=/dev/sdc | gzip -c | nc side, and the address and port on
If you have an empty domain, grabber, relays, backdoor shell, etc.
192.168.8.103 8888 the other, you can have a and want to park something there, Hopefully, you now have an idea of
rudimentary IRC chat. Very handy you can, with netcat. If you spun up the range of netcat's usefulness.
Now, in this example, my server for talking to an IT person in a your server at digital ocean, or
was at 1 92.1 68.0.1 02, and my large server room, when you are at wherever, netcat can display a
laptop at 1 92.1 68.0.1 03. (assuming the monitor. Just like we streamed static webpage for you.
port 8888 is open and because a whole hard drive from one
hosted VM's don't have root access computer to another, we can Let's make an index page:
and port 80 can't be used, hint- stream any file as well. (and play it nano index.html
hint, nudge-nudge, wink-wink.) In on VLC ~ hello own Netflix!) Here is
my backups folder, I now have a a nice tutorial I found: while true; do sudo nc -lp 80
1 00% copy of my server drive, or https://linoxide.com/tools/simple- < index.html; done
your server drive, depending on my chat-netcat-linux/
inclination. I would not use this to This keeps serving the page by
make a backup normally, but in a
pinch, this will do. Now we can also
do the opposite, a restore.
nc -lp 8888 | gunzip -c |
sudo dd of=/dev/sdc
and
Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He
cat has seen technology come and go.
/home/backups/image.img.gz | From repairing washing machine
nc 192.168.8.102 8888 sized hard drives with multimeters
and oscilloscopes, laying cable, to
The -lp switch is very handy; it scaling 3G towers, he's done it.
listens on a specific port. In the old
H O W-TO
Written by Mark Crutch I n ks c a p e - P a rt 8 4
T his month, we’re going to look
at using CSS classes with your
SVG in order to simplify the
purposes, by giving them all the
same class name. Consider this
super simple SVG file, consisting of
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<rect
id="rect1"
width="150"
JavaScript you have to write when one red rectangle (top right). height="100"
x="15" y="20"
you want to change the style of style="fill: #ff0000;
your objects interactively. Note You’ve seen previously that we stroke:#800000;
that we’re still talking only about can remove the values in the ‘style’ />
stroke-width:10;"
changes that can be achieved using attribute and put them into a </svg>
CSS styles – fill and stroke colors, <style> block elsewhere in the
line thickness and similar. document (bottom right). <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
Changing other aspects of your <style>
rect {
objects – such as the shape of a The <style> block contains CSS fill: #ff0000;
path – can’t be done simply by declarations, consisting of a ‘CSS stroke:#800000;
using CSS classes. selector’, followed by a number of }
stroke-width:10;
rules that will be applied to any </style>
First of all, what is a CSS class? elements in the file that match the
In short, it’s simply a way to group selector. In this case, the selector is <rect
id="rect1"
similar objects for styling just the word ‘rect’, meaning that width="150"
height="100"
x="15" y="20"
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> />
<style> </svg>
.important-thing {
fill: #ff0000; the rules applied here will match We could also add a ‘class’
stroke:#800000; any <rect> elements in the file. attribute to the element, then use
}
stroke-width:10; Alternatively, we could use the id the class name, prefixed with a
</style> of an element, prefixed with a dot, as the CSS selector (bottom
hash character, to make the rule left).
<rect
id="rect1" apply to only the single element
class="important-thing" with that id: In this case, I’ve used the class
width="150"
height="100" <style> name ‘important-thing’, since the
x="15" y="20" #rect1 { styling of a red fill with dark red
/>
</svg>
fill: #ff0000; background suggests this might be
...

HOWTO - INKSCAPE
used to indicate important the same class as our earlier You can, of course, have understand that the ‘black-dashes’
elements. But the class can be rectangle. Here’s the result, two multiple classes defined in the overrides the other style because
anything you like, provided you use objects sharing a single style: <style> section of a file – but you it’s declared later in the <style>
only alphanumerics, underscores can also apply multiple classes to a block, not because of the order in
and hyphens. Note that you can’t single object, by listing them all in which they’re put in the ‘class’
use spaces in class names, for the ‘class’ attribute, separated by attribute. On the one hand, this is a
reasons that will become clear spaces (the reason why class limitation, in that you can’t trivially
later. names themselves can’t contain change the order in which the
spaces). Suppose we were to add classes apply by modifying the
In this example file, we’ve not another class, then modify the attribute – but on the other hand it
really gained much by using It’s important to note that any attribute for the rectangle: does mean that you can
classes. The end result is the same styles you wish to set using a programmatically alter the content
whether we use a style attribute, <style> block must not be present <style>
...previous styles...
of the class attribute more easily,
or any of the three CSS selectors in the XML of the object itself. The as you don’t have to worry about
we’ve looked at, because there’s inheritance rules of CSS dictate .black-dashes { preserving the existing order.
only one element in the file that that styles set directly on elements stroke: black;
stroke-dasharray: 15,10;
can be affected. But what if we usually take precedence over those } Unfortunately, Inkscape doesn’t
were to add a second element to set elsewhere. But this does give </style> have any native support for
our file: us the ability to override styles on <svg ...> creating and modifying CSS
individual elements. If we want a <rect classes. Any edits you make to an
<circle
id="circle1"
different fill color on the circle, we id="rect1" element will be applied directly to
class="important-thing
class="important-thing" can simply set it in the style black-dashes" its own ‘style’ attribute, or to other
cx="250" attribute, but still inherit the ... attributes directly on the element.
cy="70"
r="50"
stroke width and color via the Such changes won’t delete or
/> class: change your <style> block, and
won’t alter the ‘class’ attribute on
This is a different type of <circle
id="circle1"
the element, so at least Inkscape
object, so styling it through a class="important-thing" doesn’t completely destroy any
<style> using the element selector style="fill: blue;" manual edits you’ve applied. But,
‘rect’ won’t work. It has a different ... as we’ve seen, values set directly
id (as it must, because ids have to As you can see, the ‘important- on an element will take priority
be unique in an XML document), so thing’ class has been applied, over those applied via a class, so
an id selector won’t work either. giving the rectangle a red fill, but you can easily end up in a situation
But classes don’t have to be the ‘black-dashes’ class has where your classes no longer
unique, so we’ve given this circle overridden the stroke. It’s vital to appear to have any effect. For this
reason, I recommend doing any
HOWTO - INKSCAPE
work with classes in a text editor, these methods in a new Inkscape the code that gets added after the <rect
style="display:inline; ..."
rather than Inkscape, and making drawing. First create a few objects opening <svg> tag: id="rect10"
those changes as late in the design whose classes you wish to alter: for class="red black-stroke"
process as possible. Ideally you this demo I’ll have three buttons to <svg ...>
<style> />
...
won’t have to re-open your demonstrate some different .red { fill: #ff0000; }
document in Inkscape at all, but, if approaches to the problem of .blue { fill: #0000ff; }
At this point, Inkscape still
you do, take care not to change toggling between two states. .black-stroke {
stroke-width: 2; claims the rectangles have an
the styles of any elements that you stroke: #000000; unset fill and stroke. But we can
expect to control using classes – or </style>
preview our work by opening the
at least be prepared to re-edit the ...
file in a web browser, which
files in your text editor afterwards. honours the class and style work
Now we need to find each
JavaScript offers a few ways to <rect> in the file and remove the we’ve done, and displays our
work with CSS classes, but by far fill, stroke and stroke-width buttons with a red background and
the easiest is the ‘classList’ properties from the ‘style’ thick black border. We could add
property. This has add(), remove(), attribute (or remove the the script directly in the SVG file
toggle(), replace() and contains() corresponding attributes, if with a text editor but, since this is
methods that handle all the corner Inkscape has been configured to an Inkscape column, that’s where
cases and error handling for you. use presentation attributes rather we’re going to add our JavaScript
You can add() a class without than CSS styles). If you save the file code. Just take care not to change
having to check if it’s already After saving, it’s safest to close at this point, and re-open it in any styles when you open the file.
there. You can remove() a class and Inkscape before opening the SVG Inkscape, you should see that the
the code won’t throw an error if file in a text editor to make the CSS buttons now have an unset fill and With the file open in Inkscape,
the class doesn’t exist. The edits. In this case, we first want to stroke, with a default stroke width we’ll need to add an onclick
toggle() method will add the class add a couple of classes that will of 1 . Quit Inkscape without making handler to each element. Our first
if it’s missing, or remove it if it’s contain the styles we wish to any changes. example is going to be a simple
present, which can simplify the switch between. For this demo, one-liner that just toggles the
code for basic on/off styling. You each one will contain only a fill Back in the text editor, add a ‘blue’ class on and off. Because of
can use replace(), as the name color, and I’ll add a third class for ‘class’ attribute to each <rect> so the inheritance model in CSS, this
suggests, to swap one class for the stroke. Because the stroke that they use the classes defined will have the effect of overriding
another, and contains() does a won’t be changing when we toggle, above for one of the fill colors, and the ‘red’ class, so toggling will
search of the class attribute to tell I don’t really need to add a class for the stroke. Here’s an abridged switch from red to blue and back.
you whether or not the name you it at all, but it helps to example of how one of them might Right-click on the first button,
supply is already present. demonstrate that the classList look: select ‘Object Properties’ and
methods work even when there’s expand the ‘Interactivity’ section
Let’s finish up by using some of more than one class applied. Here’s of the dialog. In the ‘onclick’ field,
HOWTO - INKSCAPE
type this: into a separate script section by
clicking the ‘+’ and selecting the function toggle1(elem) {
if (elem.classList.contains("blue")) {
this.classList.toggle('blue')
;
new entry. elem.classList.remove("blue");
} else {
You can save the file, load it in a Save the file, open it in your }
elem.classList.add("blue");
web browser, and confirm that it browser, and you should be able to }
works, if you wish. For our second click each button to toggle it from
and third options we want more red to blue.
than just a single line of code, so function toggle2(elem) {
if (elem.classList.contains("blue")) {
we’ll create a pair of functions as elem.classList.replace("blue", "red");
embedded scripts. We’ll call them } else {
‘toggle1 ’ and ‘toggle2’, and pass }
elem.classList.replace("red", "blue");
‘this’ as a handle to the element }
that was clicked on. Add this line to
the ‘onclick’ field in the object
properties for the second button – to confirm if it currently contains issues to see how we can make a
and add an equivalent for ‘toggle2’ the class or not makes it more click on one object affect a
to the third button: robust. The third method is rarely completely different one.
used, but might be handy if you
toggle1(this); need to replace an entire class to
avoid inheriting any properties
That’s the code to call the from it. Usually I’d recommend
functions when the buttons are reorganising your classes to avoid
clicked, but now we need the this problem, but the replace()
functions themselves. Open the method is worth knowing about in
Document Properties and select Look back over the code, and case that’s not an option.
the Scripting > Embedded Scripts try to understand the differences
tab. Click the ‘+’ button to add a between these three approaches. You may notice that clicking on
new script, select it from the list, The first is the simplest, and will the text, rather than the
and put the toggle1 function in the work in most cases where you just background, of the button does
Content area (top right). have to turn a class on or off from not cause the class toggle to occur. Mark uses Inkscape to create three
a single location in the code. The Furthermore the text is still webcomics, 'The Greys', 'Monsters,
Here (bottom right) is the code second is more useful if there are selectable, which is not something Inked' and 'Elvie', which can all be
for toggle2. You can either add this other bits of code that could you would usually want in a button. found at
http://www.peppertop.com/
function after toggle1 , or put it interfere with the content of the Next time we’ll take a look at these
class attribute, as the extra check
by: ErikTheUnready

L I N U X L O O P B AC K
Written by S. J. Webb
BSD
I wiped Centos 7.0 off my HP
laptop. I knew from previous
experiences that a BSD-variant OS
process was finished within 30
minutes. I plugged my ethernet
The usual mix of programs are
installed: LibreOffice,Xine, and the
cable directly into the laptop, so I
standard Firefox. I started
GhostBSD 1 8.1 2 is the MATE DE.
Under the 1 9.03 iso XFCE is an
additional DE option.
are difficult to install. I opted using can begin the package update installing kdenlive and gimp. The
a GhostBSD live media USB thumb process. software center is slow, it replaces I personally found the
drive. The ISO image is GhostBSD octopkg in a previous iteration of command line with fish to be a
1 8.1 2. I followed the instructions The pkg updater had over 300 GhostBSD. Yet it does offer the more reliable source for installing,
burning the image to my laptop. file updates. After a 45 minute ability to find software on removing, and upgrading the
process, my system was up to date. graphical side. The only option for software. I found the command
To write an ISO to a USB stick:
On BSD
dd if=GhostBSD18.12.iso
of=/dev/da0 bs=4m
On Linux
of=/dev/sdc bs=4M
On Mac
of=/dev/disk2 bs=10240
I burned the image, plugged in

the thumb drive, and booted the
computer. After booting, the live
image populated the screen. I
found the installer icon, and went
all in on the re-imaging a BSD back
on to this little laptop. It is a
humble 4GB RAM,500 GB HD with
the standard AMD, Radeon, and
Realtek integrated circuits. The
LINUX LOOPBACK - BSD
line software tool is called pkg. It knew BSD was selective on reestablished my wireless occurs.
predates dnf and apt. I found it hardware support. I spent a lot of capability. The Paug4 uses a Ralink
was easier to use. Fish is the time reviewing the FreeBSD 1 2.0 chip. Luckily this Ralink chip is Telegram is not installed by
terminal that runs with the ZFS file manual on trying to resolve the supported in the BSD kernel. I am default. I find the community on
system. The system is incredibly problem. And after a lot of now happy with the rig. Telegram to be kind and charitable
solid and no panic kernels within reviewing and help from the to new users. The community has
the first few days. BSD overall is GhostBSD staff I came to the The GhostBSD Project has French, German, and English
little bit slow to load from the PXE conclusion my Realtek network numerous avenues of support: IRC, speakers users available for help. I
screen, however it is extremely card was not recognized. I forums, and Telegram. Using find new users there everyday.
solid. installed 4 or 5 different kernel Telegram I contacted Eric, the lead However I would discourage new
modules with no change in my developer of GhostBSD. Eric GhostBSD users from contacting
Yet I spent 3 weeks trying to wireless connectivity. Using a suggested that I install Telegram. FreeBSD centric sources to fixing
get my Wifi connection working. I Panda Wireless Paug4 I This is where the fastest support the laptop.
Apparently a new iso is now
available, GhostBSD 1 9.03. Under
the project guidelines, there are
enough changes that I should
backup the laptop and reinstall. I
will be doing this soon with a bit of
anxiety following the directions.
Next month I will report on that
upgrade process.
SJ Webb is a researcher coordinator.

When he is not working, he enjoys
time with his wife and kids. He
thanks Mike Ferarri for his
mentorship.

E V E R YD A Y U B U N T U
Written by Richard Adams P u t t i n g T o g e t h e r An Art i c l e
S ometimes it’s easy to forget –
when Linux is such a great
development environment –that
in popularity, although either
office suite is outstanding, and
free to download and use.
For this magazine column, I put the
heading into Bold 24-point text
using the default sans serif font.
putting together documents and
can easily fill an entire book, but
suffice it for now to say that
modern distributions have tools to Libreoffice Writer also is more Sans serif fonts are ones that do headings in any document are
make it a great desktop compatible with publisher/editor not have the ‘tails’ on the letters, frequently done in sans serif fonts
environment for everyday Ronnie Tucker’s workflow than they are plain. A capital letter ‘T’ in because they scale to large sizes
computing, as well. This month, other options like Calligra Words. a sans serif font is just a straight well, and are easy to read at any
we’ll take a brief look at practical We load up Libreoffice from the vertical line with a straight size. Click the bold letter ‘B’ at the
use of Linux tools to complete Launcher, the Dash, or a desktop horizontal line across the top. In top to make the heading text bold.
tasks outside of development or shortcut. If it’s on the Launcher, most serif fonts, the capital ‘T’ will The ‘B’old button will highlight to
other high-end IT tasks. A good that’s usually the quickest. Look have two small horizontal points show it is active. It can be invoked
example is the use of Linux for the document icon (eighth (‘serifs’) coming to left and right at at the beginning of your typing to
desktop applications to assemble from the top). the bottom of the vertical shaft, make ensuing text bold, or you can
this magazine column every and two downward pointing serifs highlight existing text and hit the
month. Launch by clicking the Writer at each end of the crossbar. Font button to Bold the text.
icon and you will get a blank page. selection is an important part of
LIBREO FFICE WRITER TIP FROM THE EDITOR: Put your
name at the top of the article.
Each month, the job begins in You'd be amazed at the amount of
Libreoffice Writer. Libreoffice people who don't do this.
Writer has a high degree of Now, you may have noticed in
compatibility with Microsoft Office the screenshot above that, despite
file formats, which facilitates file my reference to the heading font
sharing with traditional being bold sans serif, the menu at
Windows/Office clients, and means the top of Writer shows non-
you can learn one Office suite and bolded Caslon 540 in 1 2-point size.
use it on Windows or Linux without This is because the body text was
learning another suite. Libreoffice active when the screenshot was
is a fork of the original taken, and it is not bold and is in a
OpenOffice, and seems to have serif font. A commonly repeated
surpassed its (still extant) forebear guiding maxim for font choice for
EVERYDAY UBUNTU
many years has been, “When in window, which can be system is 1 024x768. This size will
and Windows, so if you learn how
doubt, use Caslon”. The Caslon accomplished by using the key not work for the final document, as
to use it, you can then use it, and
font is a very readable serif font combination of ‘Alt’ (hold the key Full Circle’s writers’ style guideits now familiar interface, on other
with classic lines that go well with down), then ‘Prt Sc’. Either way will specifies that file sizes for images
machines, a great thing about
almost any page design, and works invoke Linux’s screen capture need to be no wider than 800 many of Linux’s applications. Open
well in combination with most utility (below). pixels, so it’s time to invoke one of
the GIMP and navigate to the save
other fonts. The serifs are actually Linux’s better known and more location for the screenshot, then
helpful in guiding the eye from Click the ‘Save in folder:’ option venerable applications, the GIMP open it. In my case, I always have
letter to letter while reading, to choose where you save the file, or Gnu Image Manipulation the file manager open to the save
making serif fonts more readable or use the default location of Program. location where I just put the
in smaller font sizes and for longer ‘Pictures’. I have an individual screenshot, so I invoke the GIMP by
passages. folder for each month’s column,
including all screenshots.
T HE GIMP right-clicking the PNG file and
select ‘Open with Other
The next thing we’ve done for The GIMP is an outstanding (and Application’, as my system defaults
this month’s column is, of course, As you can see above, the FREE) raster graphics and image to the built-in viewer for PNG files,
to put in the screenshot above default format is PNG. This will not editor that has been around since but not the GIMP. Select the GIMP
showing the Writer window and work for a final screenshot, as Big 1 996. It is available on Linux, Mac, and it will open the PNG:
the Launcher. There are two ways Chief Ronnie Tucker, publisher non-
that I capture screenshots for the pareil, needs the screenshots in
column: Use the ‘Prt Sc’ key on JPEG format. Once the original
your keyboard to capture the screenshot is saved, we’ll have to
entire screen, as done above in edit and export it.
order to include the Launcher.
More often in these columns, I In the first screenshot of Writer,
want to capture only the active the default screen size on my

EVERYDAY UBUNTU
Now go to the Image menu and need to insert the screenshot, as an attachment (we’ll visit email
select Scale Image, then set the position the cursor at the desired applications in some detail in a
text location in Writer and select later column).
the Insert menu and select Image.
Navigate to the image’s location Next month: Getting Help in
and double-click it to insert it. You Linux.
can reposition the image by
clicking and dragging, and you will
probably need to use carriage
returns to get your text just where
you want it. Now, write a brief bio
at the bottom of the document
and Presto! You’ve completed a
Full Circle magazine column. I use
Thunderbird to email it to Ronnie
width to 800 pixels. The default
behavior is to scale horizontally
and vertically in proportion, and
this works fine for our purposes:
Once the image is scaled, we
need to convert it to JPEG format.
Go to the File Menu and select
Export As. At the bottom where it
says ‘All Export Images’, select the
JPEG format from the down-arrow
menu. The filename will remain
‘filename.png’, so change the ‘pn’
to ‘jp’ to save as a JPEG file with
the JPG extension:
Click Export, then click Export Richard 'Flash' Adams spent about
in the dialogue box that comes up. 20 years in corporate IT. He lives in
Save the file to the desired rural northwest Georgia, USA, with
location using the ‘Save in Folder’ his adopted 'son', a cockatiel named
option at the top. Now, once you Baby.
U B P O R T S D E VI C E S
Written by UBports Team
MAYBE WE'LL HAVE OTA-9 NEXT

MONTH?

by: ErikTheUnready

M Y O PI N I O N
Written by Adam Hunt Vi d e o E d i t i n g O n U b u n t u
O ver the years, I have heard
frequent frustrations from
Linux users over the lack of good
discontinued in 2007, and I had
moved away from using Windows
to Ubuntu, anyway.
application found in the Ubuntu
repositories. It proved very precise,
used very low RAM and CPU
and CPU and also from stability
issues. The endless crashes made it
unusable. It was removed from the
video editors for professional and resources, rendered videos quite Ubuntu ISO file starting with
home use. It is often cited as a My next stop was a Linux video fast, and produced “okay” results. Ubuntu 1 1 .1 0, due to the “poor
reason people stick with Windows editor, Open Movie Editor, but it The documentation is poor, but reception” from users as well as
and Macs. I have never tried to do proved problematic and never there is a good flossmanuals.net “lack of fit with the default user-
professional editing, but I did start worked right. It looked quite manual that makes up for it. case for Ubuntu”, as well as “lack
making home movies for YouTube promising, but development was Avidemux also lacks a “drag and of ‘polish’ and maturity”.
in 2008 and I can attest it has been abandoned in 2009 and it never drop” timeline, which makes
a challenge to find an editor that is reached its potential. editing videos an exercise in Next was Cinelerra, a
useful for making home movies, careful planning. I had audio codec professional-style video Linux
but I have found one that really It was about this time that I compatibility issues, too, but the editor project started in 2002 and
works! discovered JumpCut, an online main drawback was jumpy still in development in 201 9. There
video editor. This was a different transitions between video clips. were no packages available on
It was in 2008 I first started concept; you just uploaded your Development of Avidemux was still Ubuntu in 201 0 or since, and so I
putting together some videos, raw video clips to the website, ongoing in mid-201 8, but the last tried it out on another distro,
from 1 0 frames per second (fps) then edited them online, and version in the Ubuntu repositories Puppy Linux, and discovered it was
low-resolution .mov video, shot JumpCut hosted the final product was for Ubuntu 1 4.04 LTS Trusty very complex to use. Cinelerra has
from a simple point-and-shoot as well. It worked really well, Tahr, and there has been nothing many forks and branches, including
Panasonic camera I had then. I had pretty much flawlessly. The since. Cinelerra-HV, Cinelerra-CV and
a relative recommend Avid Free DV company had been founded in Cinelerra-GG Infinity, none of
(Digital Video), the free version of 2005, but it was bought by Yahoo! By 201 0 I was testing out a new which have packages in the Ubuntu
Avid’s professional software, that in October 2006 as a “hot video editor, Pitivi, which uses the repositories. It can be compiled
would run only on Windows. I property”. Yahoo! fell into tough GStreamer backend. It was even and run, but the website warns,
downloaded the last version of it times and, as part of restructuring included in the Ubuntu ISO as the “There are many dependencies.
before it was discontinued. It the company, they shut JumpCut default video editor starting with Don't be surprised if the source
proved to be incredibly complex down in June 2009. So much for Ubuntu 1 0.04 LTS. It has a very code requires some tweaks and
and hard to use, consumed a lot of that. good interface, good the binary doesn't work.
RAM and CPU power, and documentation, and is very easy to Downloads have no support or
produced really poor finished My next video editor was use. I quickly discovered that it warranty.”
results. No matter, it was Avidemux, a very simple suffered from using up all the RAM
MY OPINION
I moved onto Kino, a good, that it couldn’t deal with newer almost worked, some just crashed Kdenlive has an excellent on-
solid, simple, Linux video editor formats, and even though the last on opening. line manual, is easy to use, and has
that was in the Ubuntu version, 1 .3.4, remains in the a wide variety of input and output
repositories. Kino was a breath of newest Ubuntu release In December 201 6, I tried out video formats, including modern
fresh air in the video editing world. repositories, it no longer works all Kdenlive (KDE Non-Linear Video free formats such as .webm and
It worked, was simple to use and that well on modern video formats Editor), a project that was started Therora. It renders videos quite
had really nice smooth transitions. and doesn’t output in modern free in 2002 and has been part of the quickly, has really nice, smooth,
It worked on only .dv files, but video formats. KDE desktop since 201 5. It uses transitions, and doesn’t eat up all
converted just about any other the Media Lovin' Toolkit (MLT) and of my desktop’s RAM or CPU,
video format to .dv first, Between 201 3 and 201 6 I tried libraries such as FFmpeg. The either. Best of all is its stability; I
automatically. The only drawback various new versions of Pitivi once interface uses the Qt toolkit, so it have yet to see a single crash.
was that Kino development ended again, including through flatpack integrates nicely into Kubuntu and Kdenlive is under active
in 2009 and the project downloads, but it still proved too now Lubuntu, which has used Qt development and each new
abandoned. I used it from 201 0- unstable, slow and resource since 1 7.1 0. It runs well on the Ubuntu release includes a newer
201 3, though. Over time, I found intensive to use. Some versions other Ubuntu flavors, as well. version in the repositories.
I have now been using Kdenlive
for more than two years and find it
hard to fault. It took me eight
years of trial and error, but I finally
found a Linux video editor that
really works for making home
movies.
Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He

has seen technology come and go.
From repairing washing machine
sized hard drives with multimeters
scaling 3G towers, he's done it.

H O W-TO
Written by Ronnie Tucker W ri t e F o r F u l l C i rc l e M a g a z i n e
G UIDELINES • Images should be JPG, no wider REVIEWS
T
than 800 pixels, and use low
he single rule for an article is compression.
that it must somehow be G AMES/APPLICATIONS
linked to Ubuntu or one of the • Do not use tables or any type of When reviewing games/applications please state clearly:
many derivatives of Ubuntu bold or italic formatting.
(Kubuntu, Xubuntu, Lubuntu, etc). • title of the game
• who makes the game
• is it free, or a paid download?
RULES If you are writing a review,
please follow these guidelines : • where to get it from (give download/homepage URL)
• is it Linux native, or did you use Wine?
• There is no word limit for articles, • your marks out of five
but be advised that long articles • a summary with positive and negative points
may be split across several issues. When you are ready to submit
your article please email it to:
• For advice, please refer to the articles@fullcirclemagazine.org H ARDWARE
Official Full Circle Style Guide : When reviewing hardware please state clearly:
http://bit.ly/fcmwriting TRANSLATIONS • make and model of the hardware
• Write your article in whichever If you would like to translate • what category would you put this hardware into?
software you choose, I would Full Circle into your native • any glitches that you may have had while using the hardware?
recommend LibreOffice, but most language please send an email to • easy to get the hardware working in Linux?
importantly - PLEASE SPELL AND ronnie@fullcirclemagazine.org and • did you have to use Windows drivers?
GRAMMAR CHECK IT! we will either put you in touch with • marks out of five
an existing team, or give you • a summary with positive and negative points
• In your article, please indicate access to the raw text to translate
where you would like a particular from. With a completed PDF, you
image to be placed by indicating
the image name in a new
will be able to upload your file to You don't need to be an expert to write an
the main Full Circle site.
paragraph or by embedding the article - write about the games, applications
image in the ODT (Open Office) and hardware that you use every day.
document.
B O O K R E VI E W
Written by Greg Walters Li n u x Co m m a n d Li n e - 2 n d E d i t i o n
would quickly thumb through many One important thing in this
of the day-to-day topics, anxious to second edition, is that it now Part 1 : Learning The Shell
get to the better stuff, we would covers bash version 4.x, and there Chapter 6: Redirection
be doing ourselves an injustice by are many scripts to help the new Chapter 7: Seeing the World as the
doing this. The author has a very Linux user to get a good grasp of Shell Sees It
good style of taking the things the shell scripting process. Chapter 9: Permissions
that we might already know (and Chapter 1 0: Processes
at least in my case, takes a while to For me, my battered, torn,
remember how to do it) and use highlighted, annotated and dog- Part 2: Configuration And The
often, and keeping it interesting eared copy of the first edition may Environment
and up-to-date. now respectably rest in peace in Chapter 1 2: A Gentle Introduction
my bookshelf – as I now move it to vi
The author points out that this from my desk only to be replaced Chapter 1 3: Customizing the
book is for the new Linux user. It’s by its more mature successor. Prompt
true that is the base target reader
for the book. However, as I said I am happy to say that I give this Part 3: Common Tasks And
before, anyone who uses Linux book 5 out of 5 stars. Essential Tools
should have this book in their Chapter 1 7: Searching for Files
The Linux Command Line 2nd library, if not on their desk within Chapter 1 9: Regular Expressions
Edition: A Complete Introduction easy reach. Chapter 21 : Formatting Output
William Shotts
Published March 7, 201 9 If I had to pick just one ‘best’ Part 4: Writing Shell Scripts
504 Pages chapter, that would be very There are four sections (parts), Chapter 27: Flow Control:
No Starch Press difficult, but if you put my feet to and a total of 36 chapters, so I Branching with if
ISBN-1 3: 978-1 593279523 the fire, I would have to say it won’t enumerate each and every Chapter 29: Flow Control: Looping
would be Chapter 1 9: Regular chapter, but I will point out some
I
with while/until
have to admit, I purchased this Expressions. I always thought that I of the chapters that might be of Chapter 32: Positional Parameters
when the first edition came out could pretty well handle Regular interest to newer Linux users. You Chapter 35: Arrays
back in 201 2. As with the first Expressions, but re-reading this can see that the chapters will cover
edition, the second edition is a chapter brought home just how all the basics, and will go into
must-have for anyone’s computer much I’ve forgotten. detail when needed to fully explain
book library. While many of us the subject at hand.
R E VI E W
Written by Erik M u s i kc u b e
Website: not in the Google play store. At the ube/wiki/remote-api- again, your focus will move away.
https://github.com/clangen/musikc moment, the streaming server and documentation Speaking of shortcut keys, they are
ube the application are insecure and stored in a simple .json file so
Version: 0.60.2 should be used only on your local The layout is quite intuitive – editing it is very easy.
M
network, but it shows promise! On with a nice “command bar” at the
ost of you know MOC, music the other hand, you do not have to
on console, an n-curses use the musicdroid application, you
bottom. This lists all your hotkeys.
You can get to the bar by pressing
I NSTALLATION
music player for the terminal. What can build your own! Yes, there is a the escape key, this shifts the For Ubuntu, the installation is
if I told you that you could connect full API available to you; focus and the colour change on to as simple as downloading the .deb
your android device to a console https://github.com/clangen/musikc the bar. When you press escape file and installing via your favourite
music player? Too good to be true? installer. On the first run, you will
Enter Musikcube. be asked to enter your music
folder and Musikcube will begin
ABOUT indexing. Musikcube supports
lastFM scrobbling out of the box,
Musikcube is free, cross and you just have to tab to ‘lastfm’
platform, terminal-based music and put in your details. You can tab
player, audio engine, metadata to server and set that up too, if you
indexer, and server, in c++ . It is so plan on using musicdroid.
flexible you can even configure
your own shortcut keys! Most
popular audio codecs are
PLAYING
supported. You can store your To play a file from your library,
playlists, and playlists are dynamic. simply press enter, stop and start is
Under the hood, this is done via a the space-bar. Should you at any
SQLlite database. time press enter instead of the
space-bar, your song will play from
The application to run on your the beginning. The playing window
Android device is called looks slightly different from the
musicdroid. It is supplied as an main window, and navigation is via
.apk-file on the releases page. It is the tab key. The user guide is
REVIEW - MUSIKCUBE
online at: though it is pre-version one, I
https://github.com/clangen/musikc would not be able to tell, as it
ube/wiki/user-guide works flawlessly.
TAIL Why don’t you give Musikcube a

try?
Though this is a console player,
mouse input is accepted, so if you
get stuck, use the mouse.
Musikcube uses a little more
memory than MOC, but it
definitely is more feature-rich. The
development is active and even

LE TTE RS If you would like to submit a letter for publication, compliment
or complaint, please email it to: letters@fullcirclemagazine.org .
PLEASE NOTE: some letters may be edited for space.
Join us on:
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FULL CIRCLE N EEDS YOU !

Without reader input
Full Circle would be an
empty PDF file (which I don't
think many people would find
particularly interesting). We
are always looking for articles,
reviews, anything! Even small
things like letters and desktop
screens help fill the magazine.
See the article Writing for Full
Circle in this issue to read our
basic guidelines.
Have a look at the last page of
any issue to get the details of
where to send your
contributions.

CROSSWORD
ACROSS
1 A: Italian security distribution as seen on Mr. Robot.
4A: A Distro that wanted you to pay when installing it, but is now free.
7A: A Turkish distribution based on Pardus, named after the package
manager.
8A: Raspberry Pi only distro for image and video files, for kiosk displays
mainly.
9A: PABX telephony system based on Gentoo.
1 0A: A UK distro that ships with the Trinity desktop.
1 2A: Based on KDE neon, this continues Netrunner’s desktop edition.
1 4A: Based on Mint, this has many flashy desktops.
1 5A: The developer absconded recently. Distro from Spain.
1 8A: One of the distro’s who were blackmailed by Microsoft to buy
certificates.
1 9A: Based on Devuan, with only free software.
21 A: Cinnarch...
DOWN
1 D: Barry Krauler’s distro.
2D: OS for single-board computers.
3D: Distro for non-PAE computers from Australia.
5D: Distro - its package manager is called pakfire.
6D: A UK distro that believes in ‘greener computing’.
1 1 D: An Italian distro based off Arch with 9 editions.
1 3D: Features its own Moksha desktop.
1 6D: Another Italian security distribution based on Lubuntu.
Compiled by Erik 1 7D: Created by DEC in 1 977. Became open in 1 991 .
20D: This is actually a command, not a distro, runs hand-in-hand with acct.
Answers are elsewhere this issue.

Q &A
Compiled by EriktheUnready
If you have a Linux question, email it to: questions@fullcirclemagazine.org ,
and Erik will answer them in a future issue. Please include as much
information as you can about your query.
W elcome back to another

edition of Questions and
Answers! In this section, we will
statement. The customer was a
furniture store, so I had to call the
end-user. However, the end-user
A : The minimal install of
Lubuntu needs a font to fix
that. Just type:
Q :https://www.rainloop.net/
I have heard about Rainloop -
an alternative to Geary. The
as
endeavour to answer your Ubuntu exploded with: “Are you saying my screenshots look well wicked and I
questions. Be sure to add details of house is dirty!!??” Part of me sudo apt-get install fonts- would like to get it. Can you tell
the version of your operating wanted to say “yes”, but I could not symbola
me more?
A
system and your hardware. I will say that to a customer. We
returned the unit promptly to Reboot and you should be
try to remove any personally good. If you still have issues, the : I have not used it before, but
identifiable strings from questions avoid infesting our workshop. what I understand from the
Electronics that are plugged in other missing one is noto-emoji.
, but it is best not to include things Look here: web page is that it is some sort of
like serial numbers, UUID’s or IP create heat. This attracts things caching server you can set up to
like roaches. When these bugs https://support.mozilla.org/en-
addresses. US/questions/1 1 78430 pick up your email from your email
excrete all over your PCBs, it eats provider, that in turn offers you
I
into some softer parts, until one of web access to your email. It is not
n days gone by, I used to be a
Technical manager at an OEM.
We supplied not only Computers
these bugs closes a circuit and
pops your appliance. Prevention is
better than cure. When you go on
Q :applications,
How can I sandbox my
specially my
just an IMAP client like Geary. The
install
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?
holiday, turn off your electronics browser (Firefox) in Ubuntu? It’s
and computer equipment, but also not that I am paranoid, I used v=ffMJVjBnZso) seems to need
TVs. A TV came back from a client at the plug and save a poor Apache and Mariadb. That said, I
technician. Sandboxie in windows 7 and
under warranty, and I had one of wanted something similar for see Nextcloud also offers it as an
my repair technicians open it. Ubuntu. app:
However, before opening it, it had https://apps.nextcloud.com/apps/r
that roach faeces smell, so we all
gathered around the TV with bug- Q :lubuntu,
I installed a minimal install of
with thunderbird for
A : Your Linux counterpart is
Firejail. Here are the
ainloop. More I cannot tell you that
you cannot read for yourself.
spray in hand. The technician email. it is a brand-new
installation, and my inbox looks instructions:
opened the lid slightly and they
(roaches) started scattering and
we started spraying. We
like this: Screenshot from 201 9-01 -
02 09-07-38.png trucks, bombs,
plants, etc. I have updated and
https://www.tecmint.com/firejail-
run-untrusted-applications-in-
linux/
Q :seem
Linux newbie here. I can’t
to get wifi signal on my
immediately closed the TV, PC. My wireless card is a D-link
wrapped it in plastic and I had to restarted, but it is still there. It make. I have read the
tell the customer that warranty seems that my inbox is corrupted? documentation that comes with
was void. As per our warranty How do I fix it? the card, but it does not really tell
Q&A
me anything. Wireless is working, terminal to run it – but nothing. program then loads and runs.
as my phone picks up the signal in Please can you help If I click on installed (instead of
my room. The Router is a Netgear
in the roof. My Ubuntu is 1 8.04.01 .
A : Ah, the broken software
centre. Freecad indeed does
All), there is no FreeCad in the list
of installed programs. Q :useCanalienI addtorpm-fusion, then
get packages? It
seems some things are better
A
not show up in the installed Pieter maintained there.
A
: I have a suspicion that your section of the software centre.
card is somehow off, as the D- Installation is as simple: ‘sudo apt : Oh wow. I suppose you could,
link cards do support Linux. You
need to open a terminal with
install freecad’, even if it does not
show up in software centre. I Q : This is my error <error.gif>
Something went wrong during
but then you would just be
setting yourself up for so much
CTRL+ALT+T , then type: rfkill list tested the installation on Ubuntu the update. My dmesg output is headache you would make 7 billion
all - Then, under the wireless Budgie, and it installed with an filled with “ i2c_hid i2c- people cry. Though I do not like
adapter, look to see if ‘soft icon in my menu, as well as running ELAN501 :01 : i2c_hid_get_input PPAs, you could get the same
blocked’ or ‘hard blocked’ says from the command-line, without incomplete report (1 4/65535)”. I functionality there with updates.
‘yes’. If this is the case, you need to issue. You can look at software am at a loss as to what is going on. You could even build the software
turn the card on. The other option boutique: Could you help me? that you are looking for and maybe
A
is that the WiFi card is not seated https://snapcraft.io/software- even have a later version than they
properly in the slot. Turn off the boutique, or you can install the : You have provided me with have at ‘rpm-fusion’. Packages you
PC, remove the WiFi card and synaptic package manager and too little information, but let’s used alien on, do not receive
insert it into another slot. (Slots manage the install / uninstall from see if we can get you on the right updates and fixes, and are not
can also become damaged, though there. You can also look at the track. “I2C” is the protocol (if you guaranteed to work.
very rarely) freecad-daily: will) that is used to connect to
https://itsfoss.com/cad-software- simple devices. ELAN is your
Q : Hallo, I have a problem and

tried to google it but can’t find
linux/ touchpad (usually) which means
the kernel is not talking to your Q : How come Ubuntu Studio is
not supported for so long as
touchpad. However, this is only an Ubuntu Mate?
ADDENDUM :
A
a answer. I use Ubuntu 1 8.04. I indication that something else
went to the FreeCad website and went wrong with the kernel : As per one of the
installed it with the Terminal as I found a long way around to update. My suggestion is to roll developers, they do not have
shown. I opened ‘show run FreeCad. back to the previous kernel. Wait a the manpower at the moment, but
applications’ but there is no icon while and see; there may be an things are looking up, a new
for FreeCad. I then installed I open Ubuntu Settings. I click issue with that kernel, or one of developer has joined. Don’t
FreeCad via Ubuntu Software on All. Then type in FreeCad. It your kernel modules. You do not disregard it because it says 9
center. In ‘Show applications’ there then Shows the FreeCad icon and always need the latest bleeding- months support.
is still no icon for FreeCad. On the says Installed. I click on this and get edge kernel, sometimes it is okay
web it said to type ‘FreeCad’ in the 3 options and click on launch. The to wait.
Q&A
Q :toHi.workHowoffline
do I get Thunderbird
like Outlook
Since you did not provide enough
information, I am going to make a
guess and help you with a
not sure if the last update broke it.
How do I make it work again? My
old Windows7 PC is just storage.
Gnome-tweak tools does not work
for me. The Icons I copy to the
folder work. It’s the GTK stuff I
does with the click of a button.
How do I get a calendar again? synaptics device. Type the My Ubuntu version is 1 6.04, have an issue with.
A A
following, then reboot and test. updated.
A
: With Thunderbird, it is Make sure the touchpad is enabled: : Firstly, there is a difference
unfortunately not a button. sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg- : The problem is an update, between the different
You can find it by clicking the input-synaptics - If this does not but not on Ubuntu side. It is a versions of GTK themes, not to
hamburger menu button (three work, please send me the output Windows 7 update that broke it. mention the rest. If the theme
horizontal stripes), then ‘file>’, of: xinput list Currently (at the time of writing) does not work, it is probably the
then ‘offline>’, then tick ‘work there is no fix as even a restore to wrong kind. Gnome shell is newer
offline’. You can customize your December 201 8 does not fix it. and is not always compatible with
menus if you want to also. The
calendar option is via ‘add-ons>’ Q :onCana minimal
you help me install wine
install of Ubuntu
Some have reported success with
creating another account on the
the older themes. The differences
are laid out visually on this site:
and clicking extensions on the left. please? I tried from the terminal Windows 7 PCs, and creating new https://www.makeuseof.com/tag/i
When it is minimized, you should with apt install wine. My error is: E: share,s and some with uninstalling nstall-change-ubuntu-theme/
see an icon in the top right with Package 'wine' has no installation the updates and using password
‘1 7’ in it. Clicking that will show the candidate. shares. Keep your eye on Reddit
A
side panel, which you can double for a fix. You can also try enabling
click. : Next time you type apt the administrator account on
install wine, press the tab key windows 7, give it a password, and
twice, the auto completion works connect to your shares with the
Q :when
I had my touchpad disabled
I installed ubuntu. I hate
there too. The full command is:
sudo apt install wine-stable - there
are other versions too, but I
administrator account. Rolling back
to December 201 8 and Admin
account worked for me with
it when my palms touch the pad
when typing and I lose work, so I suspect you would need the stable printers scanning to shares. Some
use a mouse. I left my mouse at version. have reported success by using IP
home and wanted to enable the addresses instead of names.
touchpad. It does not work. What
can I do to fix it? I have Ubuntu
1 8.4. Q :Windows7
My SMB shares to my
PC and has stopped
Q : My themes from gnome- Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He
A
working. Even though I have no look.org will not install. I has seen technology come and go.
: There are different types of password set, I get an follow the instructions to the From repairing washing machine
authentication error when trying letter, but I can’t get it to work. sized hard drives with multimeters
touchpads (makes), but the and oscilloscopes, laying cable, to
most common one is synaptics. to connect. This arrangement has Does it have something to do with scaling 3G towers, he's done it.
been working for years and I am the index.theme file? Even Using
LI N U X CE RTI F I E D
Written by EriktheUnready
P a rt 1
contacted by the Linux may have changed) have to say brown cow twenty
Website: https://www.lpi.org Professional Institute to say my LPI times before springing the ‘how
Certification was going to expire There is also a website you will many computing cores are needed
Price: about $250 per exam (2 and I needed to write again. This want to avoid , Andrew Mallet’s to run exchange?’ on you. We will
exams), and about $70 for the would be fine and dandy, but with urbanpenguin.com. He pretends to look at real exam questions from
book. the local currency dwindling fast give exam questions, but they are the past, and analyse them to help
against the US Dollar, and a few so far removed from the real exam, you understand the questions you
other misfortunes, the writing of he may be living in his own little are answering. If you know your
B ack in the sixties, that is issue

numbers, not the hippie era,
Richard Philip Witt started a few
the certification is almost out of
reach. With the high cost of writing
the exam, I would like to assist
bubble. It also does not help that
he now does video tutorials for
training establishments and
work, the understanding of the
question is all that lies in your path
to success!
articles on LPI certification. At the budding exam takers in reaching people stream to his website. The
time, I was not aware that the their goal, even if I may not be able LPI website has practice exams Richard Philip Witt covered LPI
certification existed and decided to afford it. that will prepare you much better level one with you, and I will cover
to join him in getting LPI certified. I for the type of exam question you LPI level two. If there are any
did not need the LPI certification, Let us take a look at what you will get. requests to cover LPI level one or
as I had attained my Sinix will need to pass the exam: Linux+ in my style, I will do that
certification from Siemens back in • The book. Yes, there is an official All that said, there is no too. We definitely need more
the nineties (the year, not issue study guide. substitute for experience. Do! Set people LPI certified!
number), and was teaching Linux • A computer running Virtualbox so up your own servers if you do not
introductory courses after-hours you can load operating systems to work with them on a daily basis.
practice on.
FIRST THINGS FIRST.
for a local trainer, but it was a
welcome refresher. (The LPI exam • A good tool is Anki - installed The LPI website will give you You will need an account on the
is aimed at corporates, but it will from the software centre. insights into the exam, so do not Person Vue website so you can find
serve you well in other areas too.) (Flashcards). fear the exam. Unlike Microsoft an exam location and book a time.
Then, Richard did his vanishing act • You also need to learn to read the exams (again, things have changed You can register an account so
a couple of issues later, and I was questions without cruft, and since I wrote), there is no effort to long, and registration is free, and
like KC & the sunshine band - identify the real question. mislead you (and waste your exam you do not need to book your
please don’t go! This month, I had time) by telling you about how exam now. A good tip is to take
hoped to revive the series and (I am speaking from a previous Contoso had gone bankrupt, and down the names of exam centres
maybe inspire others to get LPI exam perspective and the new how they had to sell their kidneys in your area and visit them. You do
certified. Coincidentally, I was exams are now out, so some things for an exchange license, and you not want to show up and have to
LINUX CERTIFIED
sit in a one-by-one meter glass question from a “low weight”
room and die of claustrophobia. section.
(Yes, I found one like that!). Some
exam centres provide coffee and In our next issue, we will tackle Crossword answers:
biscuits, some provide comfy the exam objectives one-by-one,
chairs, and others provide nothing and once we are done with all of
at all other than a plastic seat and them, we will work through old
a computer. Look at parking if you exam questions so you understand.
plan on driving there - is the area
safe? Do your homework first. Just
go about it gently! I went to an
exam centre with a colleague, and
RESOURCES:
when we asked to see the exam https://www.lpi.org/how-to-get-
centre and walked closer, the certified/free-training-materials
woman thought we were about to
rob them! - as the door to the
exam centre was behind the Feel free to contact us with any
counter and she became hysterical. queries, and, as always, you can
You can, of course, buy a voucher find me on the FCM telegram
on the LPI website too, but then group.
you will miss out on the fun, wink-
wink.
To start us off, let us look at the

201 exam in detail:
We have - capacity planning, the
Kernel, System startup, File
systems and Devices, Advanced
storage, Networking and System Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He
Maintenance – that is not much. has seen technology come and go.
There are “weights” to sections, From repairing washing machine
but my advice is to know sized hard drives with multimeters
everything about each one; that scaling 3G towers, he's done it.
way, you cannot be blindsided by a
U B U N T U G AM E S
Written by Erik H e lp B a t t le F o r W e s n o t h
Website: https://www.wesnoth.org improvements since, look here: Now that you have installed it this appeals to your creative side,
System Requirements: (minimum) https://www.wesnoth.org/start/1 . and had a look around - those who how about writing a campaign for
OS: Ubuntu 1 4.04 or compatible 1 4/ The focus has been on AI did not know Battle for Wesnoth - the game? You can write fan fiction
Processor: Dual-core 2.0 GHz or improvements, and there are a you will notice how amazing it if you wish! The possibilities are
better boatload of bug fixes. Every looks. Though you would think it numerous.
Memory: 2 GB RAM version in between has had a lot of complete, there is room for more,
Storage: 800 MB available space work. To get this shiny new enter you awesome creative types. Open source projects like these
version, you would have to wait for Animations, terrains, portraits and deserve your support . Why not
Debian, but why? There are a lot of more are needed. donate some of your time and
Before we start, this is not a people who do not use Steam, so effort to this great project? The
game review. This is a way YOU for those we will show you how to https://forums.wesnoth.org/viewt community is friendly and helpful,
can contribute to open source get the latest version set up. You opic.php?f=9&t=201 4&sid=4db202 and you can be a rock star
software. could try the flatpak version, which c4a2e4c1 d29b04f1 d070b05536 contributor! I hope to see YOUR
is large in size, or you can name in the credit list!
M
download the source code from But it does not end there! Music https://wiki.wesnoth.org/Credits
ost of you know Battle for the official website and compile it and sounds are also needed:
Wesnoth. (If you do not, yourself. There is, of course, an https://forums.wesnoth.org/viewf
where have you been?) Most of alternative, via PPA. Vincent Cheng orum.php?f=1 4
you know that it is a free game in has done the hard work for you.
the Ubuntu software centre. What https://launchpad.net/~vincent- With Battle for Wesnoth, what
a lot of people do not know, is that c/+archive/ubuntu/wesnoth you see is not all that you get; the
it (the software centre version) is game can be extended with add-
outdated. Those of you who have All you need to do is open a ons.
installed the game via Steam know terminal and type: https://www.wesnoth.org/addons/
we are on 1 .1 4.5, and the version 1 .1 4/ <- as you can see there is no
we are presented with is version sudo add-apt-repository
ppa:vincent-c/wesnoth shortage!
1 .1 2. The reason is because the
Debian version is 1 .1 2. sudo apt update
If you are not a digital artist or a
https://wiki.wesnoth.org/Wesnoth sudo apt install wesnoth-1.14 music maker, Battle for Wesnoth
BinariesLinux. has a built-in map editor, with
This will get you the latest which you can create and share,
Now there have been a lot of version without Steam. and have fun doing so. If none of
P AT R O N S
M ONTHLY PATRONS Roy Milner
Scott Mack The current site was created thanks to
Sony Varghese Lucas Westermann (Mr. Command &
Alex Crabtree Conquer) who took on the task of
Alex Popescu Tom Bell completely rebuilding the site, and
Bill Berninghausen Tony scripts, from scratch, in his own time.
Brian Bogdan Vincent Jobard
Volker Bradley The Patreon page is to help pay the
CBinMV domain and hosting fees. The yearly
Darren William von Hagen target was quickly reached thanks to
Dennis Mack Taylor Conroy those listed on this page. The money
also helps with the new mailing list that
Devin McPherson I set up.
Doug Bruce SINGLE D ONATIONS
Elizabeth K. Joseph Several people have asked for a PayPal
Eric Meddleton 201 9: (single donation) option, so I’ve added a
button to the right side of the website
George Smith Floyd Smith
Henry D Mills Jack Hamm A big thank you to all those who’ve
Hugo Sutherland aram v nathan used Patreon and the PayPal button.
Jack Joachim Haupt It’s a HUGE help.
Joao Cantinho Lopes Hari Zafiriadis
John Andrews Glenn Heaton
John Malon Adam Gwizdz
John Prigge George Parker https://www.patreon.com/
JT Linda Prinsen fullcirclemagazine
Kevin O'Brien Frank Dinger
Lee Allen Graig Pearen
Leo Paesen Stefano Giancarli
Linda P https://paypal.me/ronnietucker
Mark Shuttleworth
Norman Phillips
Oscar Rivera
Paul Anderson
Paul Readovin https://donorbox.org/recurring
Rob Fitzgerald -monthly-donation
Full Circle Team
H O W TO CO N TRI B U TE Editor - Ronnie Tucker
ronnie@fullcirclemagazine.org
FCM#1 45
FULL CIRCLE NEEDS YOU! Deadline : Webmaster - Lucas Westermann
admin@fullcirclemagazine.org
A magazine isn't a magazine without articles and Full Circle is no Sunday 1 2th May 201 9.
exception. We need your opinions, desktops, stories, how-to's, Release :
reviews, and anything else you want to tell your fellow *buntu users. Friday 31 st May 201 9.
Send your articles to: articles@fullcirclemagazine.org Editing & Proofreading
Mike Kennedy, Gord Campbell, Robert
We are always looking for new articles to include in Full Circle. For help and advice Orsino, Josh Hertel, Bert Jerred, Jim
please see the Official Full Circle Style Guide : http://bit.ly/fcmwriting Dyer and Emily Gonyer
Send your comments or Linux experiences to: letters@fullcirclemagazine.org Our thanks go to Canonical, the many
Hardware/software reviews should be sent to: reviews@fullcirclemagazine.org translation teams around the world
Questions for Q&A should go to: questions@fullcirclemagazine.org and Thorsten Wilms for the FCM logo.
Desktop screens should be emailed to: misc@fullcirclemagazine.org
... or you can visit our site via: fullcirclemagazine.org
Getting Full Circle Magazine:
For the Full Circle Weekly News: EPUB Format - Most editions have a link to the epub file
You can keep up to date with the Weekly News using the RSS
on that issue's download page. If you have any problems
feed: http://fullcirclemagazine.org/feed/podcast
with the epub file, email: mobile@fullcirclemagazine.org
Or, if you're out and about, you can get the Weekly News via Issuu - You can read Full Circle online via Issuu:
Stitcher Radio (Android/iOS/web): http://issuu.com/fullcirclemagazine. Please share and rate
http://www.stitcher.com/s?fid=85347&refid=stpr FCM as it helps to spread the word about FCM and Ubuntu.
and via TuneIn at: http://tunein.com/radio/Full-Circle-Weekly- Magzster - You can also read Full Circle online via
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Full Circle Magazine - April 2019

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Full Circle

THE INDEPENDENT MAGAZINE FOR THE UBUNTU LINUX COMMUNITY

p.XX Book Review p.38 Letters p.XX My Story p.XX

WELCOME TO THE 1 2 TH YEAR OF FULL CIRCLE!

full circle magazine #1 44 3 contents ^

FEDORA 30 B ETA RELEASED recently released GNOME 3.32

R eleased a month ago on March gnome-3-32-desktop-environment-

I n the new version 3.0 of

W hen Microsoft and Canonical Technology Partner.

G NOME 3.34 will be the next

full circle magazine #1 44 14 contents ^

full circle magazine #1 44 21 contents ^

full circle magazine #1 44 23 contents ^

full circle magazine #1 44 27 contents ^

I burned the image, plugged in

SJ Webb is a researcher coordinator.

full circle magazine #1 44 29 contents ^

full circle magazine #1 44 31 contents ^

MAYBE WE'LL HAVE OTA-9 NEXT

full circle magazine #1 44 33 contents ^

full circle magazine #1 44 34 contents ^

Erik has been in IT for 30+ years. He

full circle magazine #1 44 36 contents ^

TAIL Why don’t you give Musikcube a

full circle magazine #1 44 40 contents ^

FULL CIRCLE N EEDS YOU !

full circle magazine #1 44 41 contents ^

full circle magazine #1 44 42 contents ^

W elcome back to another

Q : Hallo, I have a problem and

B ack in the sixties, that is issue

To start us off, let us look at the

full circle magazine #1 44 50 contents ^

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