12-Sep-18 9:48 AM
Unit 4: Power from Renewable Energy
Lecture 4.5: Hybrid Renewable Energy
systems & Energy Scenario
Dr. R. Ramaprabha
Associate Professor, Department of EEE
SSN College of Engineering, Chennai
ME 6701– Power Plant Engineering (PPE)
1 3
An Intro to HRES
• The main disadvantage of the renewable energy sources
is that the energy supply is not continuous.
• This has been overcome by hybridising the sources,
called hybrid energy systems.
• The major problem in renewable energy sources like
solar, wind, hydropower etc. is their instability in nature.
Hence, the supply given by these sources are not
continuous.
• For emergency loads, a back up source like diesel
generator, gas turbine generator, biogas, small hydro,
fuel cell and battery is required.
Attorney/Client Privilege DRAFT
An Intro to HRES – cont..
2
• Two different energy systems installed at a location to
ensure continuity of electrical supply is known as hybrid
energy systems.
• Thus hybrid energy system provides an edge over the
stand-alone and even grid interactive systems for
reliability of energy supply and lower capital cost.
• Hybridisation may be done with renewable/conventional
energy sources. Hybrid renewable energy systems
(HRES) are pretty common for remote area power
generation. There are number of hybrid systems
available. A few commonly used are PV-Diesel, Wind-
Diesel, Biomass-Diesel, Wind-PV and Micro hydel-PV.
PV-Diesel Hybrid System
• PV-diesel hybrid systems are used in remote villages and
consists of PV array, diesel generator and battery bank.
• Energy from PV supplies the load as well charges the
battery bank.
• Whenever power from PV is not sufficient to meet load
demands and battery charge is low to supplement it, then
diesel generator is used to charge battery as well to meet
the load demands.
• In this type of system, PV has replaced 90 % of diesel
fuel with effective design. PV-diesel hybrid power plants
ensure continuous power supply and are cost effective
as compared to standalone PV or standalone diesel
system.
1

4 6
PV-Diesel Hybrid System – cont..
5 7
Wind- Diesel Hybrid System
• To maintain the continuous supply in remote coastal
area, diesel generators are used along with wind
generators.
• 400 V AC is delivered to the controller when favourable
wind flows.
• The controller converts AC voltage to 120 V DC for
charging the battery and also controls the current
required for its charging and the controller ensures
continuous power supply to the load.
• As the wind speed drops to the lower limit, wind turbine
generator stops and diesel generator automatically starts
to supply energy to the load and also for battery
charging.
Attorney/Client Privilege DRAFT
12-Sep-18 9:48 AM
Wind- Diesel Hybrid System – cont..
Biomass-Diesel Hybrid System
• Combustion is a common process in biomass
conversion technology.
• Solid fuels either from cultivated biomass or waste
biomass is subjected to combustion.
• Biomass is widely available in hills and remote forest
areas. When the biomass becomes scarce during snowy
winter, its supply stops and stock decreases; Energy
route of biomass to electrical energy by burning suffers a
set back.
• A back up by diesel power electric generator is needed to
meet the known lighting and plug loads of residences,
commercial establishments, hospitals and other life
sustaining loads. .
2

8 10
Biomass-Diesel Hybrid System – cont..
• The essential components of biomass-diesel hybrid
system are shown in Figure 1.23. To operate this system,
economic feasibility is necessary by utilizing biomass
generator to the full capacity and minimum use of diesel
generator.
9 11
Wind-PV Hybrid System
• Wind and solar hybrid energy systems are located in open terrains
away from multi-storey buildings and forests.
• Locations are selected in those areas where the sunshine and wind
are favourable for more than 8 months during a year.
• During the day when sun shines, the power conditioner in solar PV
plant converts DC to AC and supplies power to the load. During the
favourable wind speed, wind turbine generator produce ac electrical
power.
• It supplies power to the load and excess energy after conversion to
DC is stored by the battery bank. The plant may operate as stand
alone load or may be connected to the state grid.
Attorney/Client Privilege DRAFT
12-Sep-18 9:48 AM
Wind-PV Hybrid System – cont..
Micro hydel-PV Hybrid System
• Micro hydel (up to 100 kW) power stations are low head
(less than 3 m) installations and provide decentralized
power in mountain regions, also in plains on canal falls.
• Micro hydel power plants are the only sources of energy
in remote areas. With the help of the micro hydro power,
rural electrification can be achieved besides providing
power for pumped irrigation and grinding mills.
• Micro hydel systems are provided with small dam store
water. It is to be used during night when solar PV panels
stops power supply. A battery bank may be used as
backup for emergency power supply. Load management
is carried out to maintain continuity of supply for 24
hours matching with the capacity of generating
equipment.
3

12
Micro hydel-PV Hybrid System – cont..
13
Energy Scenario
• India is bestowed with abundant primary energy sources;
fossil, renewable and unconventional.
• Coal dominates most of the country's energy demand
with 52 % share followed by oil at 30 %, gas at 10 % and
other sources include 2 %.
• The energy requirement of our country will increase from
1, 85, 000 MW to 4, 00, 000 MWs by 2030.
• Therefore, the remaining shortage of power has to be
realized from renewable energy sources like hydel, wind,
solar, nuclear and tidal. India can generate 50,000 MW of
hydel power, solar energy of 60,000 MW, 50,000 MW of
nuclear power and 65,000 MW of wind power.
Attorney/Client Privilege DRAFT
12-Sep-18 9:48 AM
14
Energy Scenario – cont..
• If these targets are achieved, then we can generate 2, 25, 000 MW of
electric power. In this regard, if the reduction in load factor is
considered in solar, wind and hydel, this will necessitate generation
of 20-30 % excess power beyond the 4,00,000 MW.
• The National Solar Mission program initiated in India targets 20,000
MW grid solar power, 2,000 MW of off grid capacity including 20
million square meters solar thermal collector area by 2022.
• With the help of the above mentioned mission, more than 1000
remote villages were electrified.
• Wind power generation is growing at a faster rate with a total
capacity of 15,880 MW of wind power installed in the country.
• Also, the central government enforced the energy conservation
building code for the newly constructed buildings to minimize the
use of energy and instructed the state governments to follow the
same with suitable amendments warranted by the local
circumstances and requirements.
15
Energy Scenario – cont..
• India is the only country to have an exclusive ministry for renewable
energy development, the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy
Sources (MNES). This ministry encourages research and
development in the field of renewable energy sources, promotes
renewable energy technologies, take efforts to minimize the demand
supply gap especially as population increases and provides fund in
constructing biogas units, solar thermal devices, solar photovoltaic,
wind energy and small hydropower units.
• Renewable energy accounts for approximately 12 % of a total of 200
GW of power generation capacity installed in India. Moreover, India
has emerged as one of the fastest growing countries in terms of
renewable energy investment. India's investment in renewable
energy totalled US $10.4 billion in 2011, growing 545 over 2010. The
wind energy sector attracted US $4.6 billion in 2011, or 44 % of the
total adding 2.8 GW of capacity.
4