Register Number

Expt. No.: 3.a COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF LAMINAR FLOW

16BEM0124
THROUGH A PIPE
Date:11/02/2019 Slot: L31+L32

OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To simulate the Three dimensional steady state Laminar flow through a pipe of given dimensions.

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:
Consider fluid flowing through a circular pipe of constant radius. The pipe diameter D = 1 m and
length L = 1 m. The inlet velocity Ūz = 0.0145 m/s. Consider the velocity to be constant over the
inlet cross-section. The fluid exhausts into the ambient atmosphere which is at a pressure of 1
atm. Take density ρ = 1.225 kg/ m³ and the Reynolds number (Re) based on the pipe diameter is
1000. Calculate the Entrance region length for laminar flow and verify with computational result.
Also, plot the following, (Le/d = 0.06 Re)
1. Pressure contour along the axis
2. Velocity contour along the axis
3. Velocity vector along the axis
4. Velocity Plot at the outlet
SOFTWARES USED:
1. ANSYS – WORKBENCH / GAMBIT and FLUENT

GOVERNING EQUATION:

Continuity Equation:

u - Momentum:

u v p  2u  2u
u (  ) =   ( 2  )
x y x x xy

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

 v - Momentum:

u v p  2v  2v
u (  ) =   ( 2  )
x y y y xy

GEOMETRY:

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:

NAME OF THE BOUNDARY Type of Boundary Boundary Condition

INLET VELOCITY V=0.0145 m/s
OUTLET PRESSURE Gauge pressure=0
WALL WALL wall

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

PROCEDURE:

GEOMETRY: -
1. First of all, open geometry option in fluent and click on look at xy plane.
2. Now draw a vertical line of 50 cm from origin above x axis.
3. Now at horizontal distance of 50 cm draw another vertical line of 15 cm above x axis.
4. From this small line again draw a vertical line of 50 cm at a horizontal distance of 50 cm.
5. Now draw a line from both 50 cm line’s top point to 15 cm line’s top point.
6. Now coincide these points using constraint tool and trim 15 cm line.
7. Revolve this whole structure with respect to x-axis.
Meshing: -
1. As we have taken whole geometry as one(by revolution) so we will do only body meshing
for the given structure.
2. Take element size as 0.014 with soft behavior which will give u perfect mesh.
3. Select top and bottom of the structure and name them as wall using create name
selection.
4. Select left edge of the structure and name inlet.
5. Select right edge of the structure and name outlet.
Setup: -
1. In solution method use laminar and keep others as default.
2. In boundary conditions assign inlet velocity as 0.0145 m/s assuming Reynold’s number as
1000, density=1.225 and µ=1.78*10^-5 and pressure at outlet as 0 pa.
3. Now initialize calculation from hybrid initialization.
Solution: -
1. Run the calculation with number of iterations as 500 and continue until our solution is
converged.
2. After once calculation is complete generate a iso-surface for mesh in z coordinator. Make
contours of velocity and pressure and velocity vector with respect to it
3. For velocity plot at outlet make a different iso surface at outlet in y co-ordinator.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

RESULT CONTOUR:
As given in the problem description
1. Static pressure contour along the axis:-

2.Velocity vector along the axis:-

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

RESULT GRAPH:
As given in the problem description

1. Velocity plot at outlet:-

INFERENCE: The simulation of the Three dimensional steady state Laminar flow through a pipe
of given dimensions is done. Velocity, before throttle in the area out of throttle diameter is

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

almost zero while inside throttle diameter it is almost maximum. On the other hand, pressure is
almost same at every point for nozzle before throttle and after that it will reach maximum.

RESULT: All the contours, vectors and graphs asked to simulate for given 3-d structure under
steady state and laminar flow are given above. And their observations are mentioned in the
inference.

FACULTY SIGNATURE:
DATE:
Expt. No.: 3.b COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF TURBULENT Register Number
FLOW THROUGH A PIPE 16BEM0124
Date:11/02/19 Slot:L31+L32

OBJECTIVE OF THE EXPERIMENT:

To simulate the steady state Turbulent flow through a pipe of given dimensions.

PROBLEM DESCRIPTION:
Consider fluid flowing through a circular pipe of constant radius. The pipe diameter D = 1 m and
length L = 1 m. The inlet velocity Ūz = 0.17 m/s. Consider the velocity to be constant over the
inlet cross-section. The fluid exhausts into the ambient atmosphere which is at a pressure of 1
atm. Take density ρ =1.225 kg/ m³ and the Reynolds number (Re) based on the pipe diameter is
12000. Choose k-ξ model for analyzing the turbulence characteristics. Plot the following,
1. Pressure contour along the axis
2. Velocity contour along the axis
3. Velocity vector along the axis
4. Velocity Plot at the outlet

SOFTWARES USED:

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

 1. ANSYS – WORKBENCH

Continuity Equation:

u - Momentum:

u v p  2u  2u
u (  ) =   ( 2  )
x y x x xy

v - Momentum:

u v p  2v  2v
u (  )=    (  )
x y y y 2 xy

Turbulent equation:

Entrance Length and Developed flow Calculation: L/d = 4.4 Re^1/6

GEOMETRY:

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

BOUNDARY CONDITIONS:
Name of the Boundary Type of Boundary Boundary Condition
INLET Velocity Inlet Velocity= 0.17 m/s
OUTET Pressure Outlet Gauge pressure= 0 Pa
WALL Wall wall

PROCEDURE:
GEOMETRY: -
1. First of all, open geometry option in fluent and click on look at xy plane.
2. Now draw a vertical line of 50 cm from origin above x axis.
3. Now at horizontal distance of 50 cm draw another vertical line of 15 cm above x axis.
4. From this small line again draw a vertical line of 50 cm at a horizontal distance of 50 cm.
5. Now draw a line from both 50 cm line’s top point to 15 cm line’s top point.
6. Now coincide these points using constraint tool and trim 15 cm line.
7. Revolve this whole structure with respect to x-axis. Meshing: -

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

 1. As we have taken whole geometry as one(by revolution) so we will do only body meshing
for the given structure.

2. Take element size as 0.014 with soft behavior which will give u perfect mesh.
3. Select top and bottom of the structure and name them as wall using create name
selection.
4. Select left edge of the structure and name inlet.
5. Select right edge of the structure and name outlet.
Setup: -
1. In solution method use K-epsilon(2 eqtns) and keep others as default.
2. In boundary conditions assign inlet velocity as 0.17 m/s assuming Reynold’s number as
12000, density=1.225 and µ=1.78*10^-5 and pressure at outlet as 0 pa.

3. Now initialize calculation from hybrid initialization.

Solution: -
1. Run the calculation with number of iterations as 500 and continue until our solution is
converged.

2. After once calculation is complete generate a iso-surface for mesh in z coordinator. Make
contours of velocity and pressure and velocity vector with respect to it

3. For velocity plot at outlet make a different iso surface at outlet in y coordinator.

RESULT CONTOUR:
As given in the problem description

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

Static pressure contour along the axis:-

Velocity contour along the axis:-

Velocity vector along the axis:

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

RESULT GRAPH:
As given in the problem description

1. Velocity plot at outlet:-

INFERENCE: The simulation of the Three-dimensional steady state turbulent flow through a
pipe of given dimensions is done. Velocity, before throttle in the area out of throttle diameter is
almost zero while inside throttle diameter it is almost maximum. On the other hand, pressure is
almost same at every point for nozzle before throttle and after that it will reach maximum.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University

RESULT: All the contours, vectors and graphs asked to simulate for given 3-d structure under
steady state and turbulent flow are given above. And their observations are mentioned in the
inference.

FACULTY SIGNATURE:
DATE:

Computational Fluid Dynamics Lab – SMEC, VIT University