IS POLITICAL SCIENCE A MASTER SCIENCE?

INTRODUCTION

Is political science a master science this is the very question for what we are arguing. And
here is the statement “Political science is a master science” by none other than Aristotle, the
Father of Political Science. But there is no need solely to rely on the statement given by
Aristotle just because he is the father of this social science. Political science provides reasons
for the same.

Lets first talk about what political science is. We can’t argue for supremacy of anything until
we don’t know about it.

Political science is very old and important subject and with the passage of time, its meaning
and subject matter has kept changing.

 According to Oxford dictionary, Political science is the branch of knowledge that

deals with the state and systems of government; the scientific analysis of political
activity and behaviour.
 Collins dictionary states Political science is the study of the ways in which political
power is acquired and used in a country.
 In Britain it is the study of state, government and politics.
 In America it is the science of political institutions, or of the principles, organization,
and methods of government.

Political science is that branch of the social sciences that studies the state, politics, and
government. Political Science deals extensively with the analysis of political systems, the
theoretical and practical applications to politics, and the examination of political behaviour.
The Greek thinker, Aristotle, defined political science as the study of the state.

According to the traditional political scientist from the early part of 20th century such as J W
Garner, Henry Sidgwick, R G Gettel and others Politics deals mainly with study of state and
government or related institutions.

R G Gettel defined politics as “the study of the state in the past, present and future, of
political organization and political function, of political institutions and political theories.”
 o According to Laski “the study of politics concerns itself with the life of man in
relation to organized states.”
o According to Garner, “Political science begins and ends with state.”
o According to Leacock, “Political science deals with government.”
o According to Paul Janet, “That part of social sciences which treat of the foundations
of the state and the principal of government.
o According to Bluntschli, “political science concern with the study of state, it allows
understanding and comprehending the state in its fundamental conditions, its essential
nature, forms of manifestation and development.

French philosopher Jean Bodin coined the term Political Science (Science Politique) in
the 16th century.

POLITICAL SCIENCE CONSIDERED AS A MASTER SCIENCE

“The method of the political science is the interpretation of life; its instrument is insight, a
nice understanding of subtle, unformulated conditions.” – Woodrow Wilson

Political science contains various subfields, including similar governmental issues, political
economy, worldwide relations, political hypothesis, open organization, open arrangement,
and political procedure. Moreover, political science is identified with, and draws upon, the
fields of financial aspects, law, human science, history, rationality, geology, brain research,
and humanities.

Political Science is a Science:

“Political science is more difficult than physics.” - Albert Einstein

1) If by the term science we mean a systematized collection of learning political science can
positively be called as a science. Dr. Better appropriately says that, "we can be prophets of
plausible if not diviners of certain" political science has been capable build up a systematized
collection of learning on expansive terms like state, government and so on after due
perception, correlation and some kind of experimentation.

2) It is conceivable to lead a few investigations through which political researcher can profit.
It is notable that Aristotle based his 'Legislative issues' on his investigation of the working of
158 constitutions. In like manner, Lord Bryce looked at the working of vote based system in
different nations and afterward reached conclusions with respect to relative benefits and bad
marks of majority rule government. B N Rau established consultant to the administration of
India likewise made a similar investigation of different constitutions and exhibited an answer
to the constituent get together.

3) The reality of the matter is that there is no accord among specialists with respect to the
technique, standards and finishes of political science. In any case, political science is a
dynamic investigation of living topic. It manages man and his foundations. As man is
dynamic, the same is valid for the organizations made by him. The idea of man changes with
the evolving conditions.

The perspective of Lord Bryce is that political science is a science, in spite of the fact that it
is undeveloped and deficient. Prof. R N Gilchrist trusts that general laws can be reasoned
from given material and those are helpful in the real issues of the legislature.

The relationship which political science shares with other social sciences makes it a master
science. No other science bonds like this with other sciences. Here relationship of political
science with other social sciences is described in brief:

1. Relation between Political Science and Sociology

Political science, additionally called government, is a sociology which manages frameworks

of administration, and the investigation of political exercises, political musings and political
behaviour. It bargains broadly with the hypothesis and routine with regards to legislative
issues which is ordinarily thought of as deciding the appropriation of energy and assets.

Sociology and political science are so intently and profoundly identified with each other that
one ends up noticeably pointless without the other. As per Morris Ginsberg ''Historically,
Sociology has its primary roots in legislative issues and reasoning of history". The state,
which is the focal point of political science in its beginning period, was to a greater extent a
social than political organization.

Political science is the major sociology, which considers man's social life in general and
endeavours to find the realities and the laws of life all in all. Political science, then again, is
worried about the political existence of a man, which is one a player in his aggregate life.
Sociology is the investigation of society where as the political science is chiefly worried
about the state and government. These two sociologies are exceptionally basic in specific
circles. Political science is a branch of humanism, which manages the standards of
association and legislature of human culture. The topic of political science along these lines
comes surprisingly close to sociology.

Sociology depends especially on political science in each regard. The state and governments
make laws for the welfare of the general public; the administration evacuates social
indecencies, for example, destitution, joblessness, share et cetera from the general public. The
unwanted traditions are evacuated from the general public by the legislature. The
administration gives money related help to individuals at the season of normal catastrophes,
for example, surges, starvation, tornado and dry season. Social foundations and social
associations are managed by the state and government. Human science thinks about different
parts of political exercises through the assistance of political science. The administration can
realize changes in the general public with the assistance of laws.

Similarly, political science relies on humanism and Sociology gives material to political
science that is the political existence of the general population. In this way, a few sociologists
see political science as an uncommon branch of human science, one might say that without
sociological foundation the investigation of political science is very unimaginable. Political
science manages the social gathering sorted out under the sway of the state. The types of
government, the nature of administrative organs, the laws and circle of the state action are
primarily controlled by the social procedures. The laws which are shaped by the legislature
depend on the social traditions, conventions, mores, standards, and so forth of the general
public. The majority of the progressions which have been occurred in the political hypothesis,
amid the past circumstances have been conceivable because of human science. For
comprehension of for comprehension of political issues, some information about humanism is
extremely basic since every political issue are primarily rectified with a social viewpoint. In
this association F.H. Gidding says "To educate the hypothesis of the state to men who have
not taken in the primary standard of Sociology resembles showing space science or
thermodynamics to men who have not learnt Newton's laws of Motion".

Along these lines, both human science and political science relies on each other. Both are
between related and between subordinate. Genuinely, one might say that society is the
reflection of legislative issues of the nation. As per G.E.G. Catlin, Sociology and political
science are the two appearances of a similar figure. In the conclusion of E.G. Wilson "It must
be conceded to course, that it is regularly hard to decide, regardless of whether a specific
essayist ought to be considered as sociologists or political scholar or rationalist.

2. Relation between Political Science and Economics

On the off chance that financial conditions impact the world politics, world politics
additionally impact the economy of the world. The approaches of the legislature of a nation
extensively impact the monetary states of that nation. Tax assessment strategy of the
administration, Import and Export arrangement, Exchange rates, Keeping money framework,
Post and Telegraph offices, Permit and Rationing framework, Transportation of merchandise,
Customs Duty, and so on impacts the economy of the country.

The administration controls creation, appropriation, utilization and fund and so on. The
administration runs its enterprises and forces substantial additional charge on remote products
with the goal that indigenous merchandise offer modest and offer like hot cakes.

Along these lines national cash won't go to remote nations. The administration controls cash
and coinage and the trading of cash. The administration settled the contrasts between the
work and the businesses. In the event that the administration of a specific nation is
communist, its strategy of private property and capital will be unique in relation to that of
free enterprise nation.

The nationalization arrangement of a specific nation impressively influences the economy of

that nation. Like-wise, the legislature receives different measures to check the rising costs
and makes different strides for expanding generation. After Partition in 1947, Indian
Government chalked out many plans and made numerous imperative strides in different
fields.

Our administration made numerous vital strides and received different measures for
expanding the farming generation. It built dams, drifted credits on simple terms and offered
driving force to co-agent cultivating. For expanding the modern generation, our
administration ran various manufacturing plants, processes and introduced many plants.

In the cutting edge times with the development of behaviourism, the significance of
economics has expanded significantly in light of the fact that political researchers are making
endeavours in the utilization of models obtained from economics which have been broadly
acknowledged. Besides, an expansive number of political researchers are recording their
discoveries in measurable terms. In this manner Otto Davis, a market analyst, has presented a
term political econometrics.

3. Relation between Political Science and History

“History is past Politics and Politics is present History.”

“History without Political Science has no fruit.

“Political Science without History has no root.”

Every political foundation like State, Government, Legislature, Executive, Judiciary and
others have a background marked by advancement behind them. Without concentrate their
history Political Science can't generally ponder their contemporary nature, position and
relations among these.

Henceforth, Political Science dependably takes the assistance of History for concentrate
political establishments i.e. the historical backdrop of their development from their rise and
slow advancement into their contemporary structures, powers, capacities, shared relations and
relative positions.

Moreover, the investigation of History basically needs an investigation of the political

ramifications of every authentic occasion and improvements in every general public. Without
such an activity History gets decreased to a simple portrayal of occasions, scenes and
improvements. History relies on Political Science for getting learning about the political
measurements of verifiable occasions. History of political establishments constitutes a rich
range of concentrate to History.

(A) Politics creates History:

The activities of the states, governments, political gatherings, political pioneers, rulers,
statesmen, legislators and representatives all make history. The political occasions and
developments like the Jallianwala Bagh catastrophe (1919), Non-fierce, Non-collaboration
Movement 1920, the Civil Disobedience Movement 1930, and the Quit India Movement
1942 have all been the crafted works of political pioneers. History of India stands dictated by
these. The activities of rulers and power-holders dependably make history.

(B) Political Science leaves a mark on the world productive and fascinating:
Without Political Science, History gets diminished to a minor portrayal and portrayal of
occasions and actualities. It is Political Science which gives importance to History and makes
it intriguing and fulfilling. History of rulers, wars that they battled, and battles of the general
population against despots are for the most part political acts which leave a mark on the
world fascinating.

(C) Political Leaders are the creators of History:

In contemporary circumstances Political pioneers (control holders) decide the course of

history by their arrangements, choices and activity. The administration of Mahatma Gandhi
gave a swing to history and empowered Indians to secure opportunity from the grip of British
Imperialism.

Vision and choices of men like Jawahar Lal Nehru, Sardar Patel, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad,
set the tone of India's history as a free country. Mrs. Indira Gandhi's part in Bangladesh
Liberation war against Pakistan and her choice to force Emergency manage in 1975 gave a
specific push to Indian history.

(D) Political Science relies on a few and not every single Historical Fact:

While History is an ordered record of all occasions and advancements, Political Science is
intrigued just in those actualities which affected the nature and working of the state
framework and administrations of different states. Political Science makes utilization of some
chose chronicled actualities.

(E) History relies on Political Science for learning Causal Connections:

History is just a portrayal of certainties. It is Political Science which examinations the

associations among different actualities. Political Science offers significance to verifiable
certainties and utilizations these for noting the inquiries what ought to be done and what
ought not to be finished. History without Politics is unprofitable.

History can't decide a definitive end standard of good, terrible, good and bad in political
foundations. It is finished by Political Science. Along these lines Political Science contributes
a ton to History. Truth be told, Political Science and History are nearly, personally and
indistinguishably identified with each other. Every need the other. Both are reciprocal and
supplementary to each other.
4. Relation between Political Science and Law

There is no such thing as political science, but there are tenancies so strong that they might as
well be called laws of nature.

Political science has a relationship in the investigation of law. A stable political framework
exists once the law is appropriately executed in a socialized state. In the branches of
government, its political capacities and forces are characterized by law. The meaning of law
is a manage of direct honestly actualized by those with political power and expert that are
simply and mandatory for the basic welfare of the state.

These are the arrangement of law that clarifies the relationship of political science:

(a) Criminal law characterizes as the infringement or authorize of violations perpetrated in

view of the enthusiasm of the state keeping in mind the end goal to secure peace and request
of the general public. These are the protection of the rights and benefits that are damaged by
individual, for example, wrongdoings as crime, kill, physical damage, assault, pyromania,
malconversion of open assets, and resistance. The use of this class is the requirement of laws
to secure peace and request in the group. The legislature needs to fortify the security of the
general public by law requirement offices, for example, the police offices and military. It is
the duty of the legal (through the courts) to the understanding of particular violations
submitted by people.

(b) International Law tends to the direction of strategic relations and the fluctuated political
and monetary issues in the intercourse among countries. These are global control of state
along regional wards, conciliatory relations, work directions, financial ban and levy
directions and so forth.

(c) Political law has two ranges to be specific: the sacred law; and authoritative law. It
ponders the legislative association and organization along the constitution procedures and
frameworks; and authoritative direction. In established law, it relates the development,
institution and translation with regards to the lawfulness and utilization of laws of the state.
While managerial law applies the execution of law and decide its infringement of privileges
of the experts.

(d) Private law relates the worry on private issues as gave by the statute of the state. There are
two territories in this law: (1) common law which identifies with the worry of family and the
assurance of the private enthusiasm of individual; and (2) business law which manages the
lawful worry on trade and industry.

(e) Remedial law manages tenets and direction in all courts. It is more on legal issue that this
law is actualized in the court arguing and strategies.

By and large, the official branch executes the law; authoritative branch sanctions the law; and
the legal deciphers the law. This is the motivation behind why law is so vital in the presence
of state.

We as a whole realize that the root of law is through the institution of the administrative
branch. It depends on the improvement need of the legislature to address the worries on
general welfare and the execution of the social administrations program. This is likewise
appropriately addressed in the income age by proposing charge approach to could produce
higher wage. The income produced is used as spending plan or open consumptions in social
and monetary administrations especially the destitute individuals in the group. The usage of
the laws affirmed by the administrative branch is completed in the official office. It relies
upon the need improvement motivation of the national pioneer in connection to the financial
and social administration with the ultimate objective of enhancing the personal satisfaction of
the general population. At last, the legal commands to decipher the laws authorized in the
administrative branch and may survey on the off chance that the issue of unlawfulness of the
endorsed law by the congress.

Conclusion

Politics is the "master science" on which all branches of human movement depended. Politics
is no less vital to our very own comprehension society and our general surroundings. For the
present undergrad, the deliberate investigation of politics or political science offers a chance
to investigate how and why open choices are made on issues going from social insurance to
charge strategy to human rights, and nature.

References –

1. Principles of Political Science by Dr. A.C. Kapoor

2. Principles of modern Political Science by J.C. Johri