CHAPTER-1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION
o HVAC stands for Heating, Ventilating, and conditioning. It is the technology of
indoor and vehicular environmental comfort. Its goal is to provide comfort and
acceptable indoor air quality. HVAC system design is a sub discipline of Mechanical
engineering, based on the principles of Thermodynamics, Fluid mechanics, and Heat
transfer. Refrigeration is sometimes added to the field's abbreviation as HVAC&R or
HVACR.
HVAC is important in the design of medium to large industrial and office buildings such
as skyscrapers, on-board vessels, hospitals shopping complex and in marine environments
such as aquariums, where safe and healthy building conditions are regulated with respect to
temperature and humidity, using fresh air from outdoors
Ventilating or ventilation (the V in HVAC) is the process of "exchanging" or replacing air in
any space to provide high indoor air quality which involves temperature control, oxygen
replenishment, and removal of moisture, odours, smoke, heat, dust, airborne bacteria, and
carbon dioxide. Ventilation removes unpleasant smells and excessive moisture, introduces
outside air, keeps interior building air circulating, and prevents stagnation of the interior air.
Ventilation includes both the exchange of air to the outside as well as circulation of air within
the building. It is one of the most important factors for maintaining acceptable indoor air
quality in buildings.

HVAC basically contain various Air conditioning system. Chiller and condenser water
system is one its system.

1
 Various Air Conditioning Systems

o Concept of chiller and condenser water system in HVAC

 CHILLED WATER SYSTEM

Water chilled climate control uses water instead of air, to cool a space. A reservoir holds a
water and glycol mixture that is circulated throughout the building through pipe. Inside each
room, there are air handlers or fan coils as per our usage which work in the same way as
traditional air conditioning. The cold water is run over cooling coils inside the air handler and
a fan blows the air from the room over coils.

Warm water returns from the air handlers back to the initial reservoir of water. Once the
overall temperature. Of the water in the reservoir goes about a certain in point, the chillers
2
located outside the building turn on. The reservoir water is then run through the chiller,
where it is cooled down to the appropriate temperature.

A bonus of using water chilled systems is that the chiller only turns on when the water in the
reservoir gets above a certain temperature. Chillers are not directly connected to air handlers.
This means that as long as that water is within a certain range, the chiller is not running but
the air handles are still able to cool rooms.

It is also important to note that in water-chilled cooling systems, there is no evaporation of

water. The system is closed loop running water through pipe and back to reservoir, so no
water will be added to your environment. As a bonus, any water that is collected from the
condenser can be collected and used to water the plants in your garden providing water
saving as well as energy savings.

 CONDENSER WATER SYSTEM

Together with CHW, condenser water system are used to remove heat energy from a building
or process. While chilled water system are used to absorb heat energy from within building
or process, Condenser Water system are used to remove that heat energy from the building
and reject it to the atmosphere. The most common method of rejecting heat uses a cooling
tower which is located outside of the building. In these systems, also known as “tower water
systems”, water heated by the chiller is pumped to the top of the tower and is allowed to
cascade down like a waterfall over a porous media to a sump located at the bottom of the
tower. Air is drawn through porous media using a fan, causing the water to cool. The cooled
water is then returned to the chiller to absorb more heat energy and repeat the cycle. In
essence, the condenser water system connects the chiller to the cooling tower through supply
and return piping. Water cooled in the tower is “supplied” to the chiller, which adds heat to
the water and “returns” it to the tower.

Further parts with which system deals-

HUMIDITY:- Humidity should be maintained to get proper cooling and to maintain the
water level.

TEMPERATURE:-The temperature of the water should be checked all over the system
before changing it to get fully efficient system.

3
VELOCITY;- The velocity of the fan should be taken note of as well so that the air flows at
an accurate rate and cooling of water is used properly.

PURITY:-Purity plays an important Role in maintenance as the air should be less polluted
so that no unwanted particles enter and the system can work more effectively.

1.2 GOALS AND MOTIVATION

The primary function with the system is to maintain a proper and ideal temperature in which
it's installed. This method regulates
indoor humidity, airflow and
temperature thus making the location
more comfortable System aims at
improving the quality of air circulating
within the building apart from its basic
temperature control functions.

The goal with which we started this

project was to study about the system
and then choose the most appropriate
one in terms of money spent, effect on
nature, it’s working longevity, the
various aspects this smart system takes
note of like coolness, humidity,
temperature, and even the amount of
coolness required depending upon the
availability of occupants in an enclosed
area. As the current split air conditioning
system causes more money when considered for long period of time, takes more electricity
and also harmful for our environment at some level, we studied about this system to
overcome all this drawbacks and get a better system overall.

We wanted to do our part by trying and finding the most appropriate method for human
comfort and also not causing much harm to the surroundings and also tried to keep the
money expenditure to as least as possible.

4
1.3 Fundamentals of the process
 Mechanism of the process
Cooling water is the water removing heat from a machine or system. Cooling water may be
recycled through a recirculating system or used in a single pass once-through cooling (OTC)
system. Recirculating systems may be open if they rely upon cooling towers or cooling
ponds to remove heat or closed if heat removal is accomplished with negligible evaporative
loss of cooling water.

A heat exchanger or condenser may separate non-contact cooling water from a fluid being
cooled, or contact cooling water may directly impinge on items like saw blades
where phase difference allows easy separation. Environmental regulations emphasize the
reduced concentrations of waste products in non-contact cooling water.

 Working principle of the process

The principle on which the water cooled air conditioning system works is Vapour
Compression cycle which is discussed in detail below. Basically this cycle has four processes
i.e compression, evaporation, condensation and expansion which work simultaneously to
cool a desired area.

The Vapour Compression Cycle

Here are two diagrams of the vapour compression cycle. Try

your mouse over the diagrams to commence the activation
of each process in turn. The four processes are Vaporization
(Evaporation), Compression, Condensation and Expansion.

The upper diagram shows the refrigeration circuit, and the

lower one is the corresponding P-h diagram the process
starts with vaporisation of the refrigerant in the evaporator.
This is complete at point 2. Compression is used to raise the
pressure of the refrigerant, point 3, so that it can condense at
a higher temperature. When all the vapour has condensed,
point 4, the pressure is reduced in an expansion device, and
the refrigerant is returned to its original condition 1.

Notice that Expansion is a constant enthalpy process. It is

drawn as a vertical line on the P-h diagram. No heat is
absorbed or rejected during this expansion, the liquid just

5
passes through a valve, like water coming out of a tap. The difference is, that because the
liquid is saturated at the start of expansion by the end of the process it is partly vapour.
Point 1 is inside the curve and not on the curve as described in the Evaporation process. The
refrigerant at the beginning of the vaporization is already partly evaporated! How much? This
depends on the shape of the curve, and the start and end pressures.

On the other hand the Compression process is shown as a curve. It is not a constant enthalpy
process. The energy used to compress the vapour turns into heat, and increases its
temperature. This tends to raise the temperature of the vapour, making point 3 move further
and further into the superheated part of the diagram as compression progresses. Point 3 is
outside the curve and not on the curve as described in the Compression process. This means
that before Condensation can start, the vapour has to be cooled down.

 Configurations of the process

 Air Handling Units:-
An air handler, or air handling unit often abbreviated to AHU, is a device used to condition
and circulate air as a part of HVAC system. Usually, an air handler is a large metal box
containing a blower, heating and/or cooling elements, filter racks or chambers, sound
attenuators, and dampers. Air handlers usually connect to ductwork that distributes the
conditioned air through the building, and returns it to the AHU.

AHU basic design

 EXPANSION TANK:-
A component of a closed piping system that accommodates the expansion and contraction of
the water as temperature changes.

6
  FAN-COIL UNIT (FCU):-
A small terminal unit that is often composed of only a blower and a heating and/or cooling
coil (heat exchanger) within which the water circulate. The fan blows room air across coils
containing either hot or cold water.

Fan Coil Unit

 CONDENSER WATER PUMP:-

It is a set of device by using mechanical forces to move the condenser water. There are
typically three types of condensers

 Air-cooled condensers - This type of condenser removes the heat in the system by
blowing the condenser coil with air.
 Water-cooled condensers - This type of condenser removes the heat in the system
through water poured over the condenser coil.
 Evaporative condensers - This type of condenser forgoes the refrigerant and cools the
system by allowing the water to evaporate outside of the system and into the air.

 Chilled water pump:-

7
Chilled water pump circulates chilled water to and from heat exchanger that may be used in
an air conditioning system. The condenser water absorbs heat from the refrigerant in the
condenser barrel of the water chiller, and is then sent via return lines to a cooling tower,
which is a heat exchange device used to transfer waste heat to the atmosphere. The extent to
which the cooling tower decreases the temperature depends upon the outside temperature, the
relative humidity and the atmospheric pressure.

 Ducting pipes:-
Ducts are used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove
air. The needed airflows include, for example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air. Ducts
commonly also deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air.

 Chilling machine:-
A chiller is a machine that removes heat from a liquid via a vapor-compression or absorption
refrigeration cycle. This liquid can then be circulated through a heat exchanger to cool air or
equipment as
required.

 COOLING TOWER:-

8
A cooling tower is a heat rejection device which rejects waste heat to the atmosphere through
the cooling of a water stream to a lower temperature. Cooling towers may either use the
evaporation of water to remove process heat and cool the working fluid or, in the case
of closed circuit dry cooling towers, rely solely on air to cool the working fluid. The figure is
shown on the next page.

Cooling Tower

1.4 Advantages and Limitations

 Advantages
 Water cooled systems provide the most energy efficient systems and can help protect
building owners and operators from uncertainties in electricity pricing.

 Water cooled chillers may be preferred because of better heat transfer properties of
water.

 Water-cooled HVAC units make less noise and give more cooling per square foot.
9
  A distinct advantage of using water is the fact that it is non-corrosive, has specific
heat value, it is non-toxic and inexpensive.

 Another advantage to using a chilled water system to provide climate control is that
water cooled chillers typically last longer.

 Limitations

Chillers utilize external cooling towers to transfer heat to the atmosphere, and these
structures can be costly to build.

Chilled water cooling systems don’t work as well in climates with high prevailing
humidity. Higher levels of humidity raise the wet-bulb temperature, which is an
indicator of how efficiently water absorbs heat.

The water used in the cooling towers and the system should be treated properly which
increases the cost of the system.

1.5 Applications
Earlier people used only air conditioning unit to make their room temperature comfortable
but it was an expensive thing due to its lesser efficiency and moreover it contained
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), once used as refrigerants and
aerosol propellants until they were phased out by international agreement, are also
greenhouse gases. Due to the over usage of refrigerants the environment was endangered and
thus the United Nations Montreal Protocol for protection of earth’s ozone layer was signed.
With the help of international cooperation chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) which depletes ozone
layer was phased out from usage. But now the CFC was replaced by Freon gas. In AC, which
is merely a marked name for dichlorodifluoromethane. It adds to ozone depletion and thus
the Global warming effects. Because, when the CFC escape from the unit it quickly rises up
to the ozone layer.

Now a days traditional AC are replace with improvised HVAC system which include ducts,
ventilation system ,condense etc. which are highly efficient, less maintenance required .
Chilled water air conditioning systems are commonly used in applications that need large
cooling capacity such as hyper market and industrial process. Commercial air conditioning
such as offices and factories and more and more homes are using this system to air condition
their entire house because of its cost, effectiveness and no hazard of having refrigerant piped
all over the house.

1.6 Background study

10
INTRODUCTION

1. Members asked for more detailed information on the three studies on water cooled
air conditioning systems (WACS) and the pilot scheme for relaxation of using fresh
water for air-conditioning purpose.

2. The study examined three basic concepts of WACS, namely Centralised Piped
Supply System for Condenser Cooling (CPSSCC), Centralised Piped Supply System
for Cooling Towers (CPSSCT), and District Cooling Scheme (DCS). The results of
the study established that compared to air-cooled air conditioning systems (AACS),
WACS are more economically and environmentally attractive. Compared with AACS,
CPSSCC, CPSSCT, and DCS could achieve energy savings of up to 24%, 17%, and
32% respectively.

3. In quantitative terms, the preliminary study revealed that, depending on the degree
of conversion of existing AACS to WACS, and also depending on the types of WACS
to be used savings of 7% to 10% air conditioning energy level used for non-domestic
2 buildings.

4. However, the study also identified a number of concerns and constraints. These
included water resources, water treatment capacity, water distribution system
capacity, sewerage network capacity, and sewage treatment works capacity. The
health impacts from wider use of fresh water cooling towers and the environmental
impacts from WACS discharge were also of concern. Furthermore, centralized
systems such as DCS would involve complex development, operations and
maintenance liabilities, property rights, financing, private sector investment and
customer faith issues. These issues require detailed assessment in any implementation
plan.

3 Future directions of adopting wider use of WACS

• Implementation of the most energy efficient WACS system where practicable, we

would need to explore opportunities to introduce DCS in new development areas and
CPSSCC in areas near the sea.

• Implementation of measures to encourage the conversion of existing AACS to

WACS.

• Exploring opportunities for using sea water for cooling towers.

11
 1.7 Scope and objectives of the present work
The Government announced the designation under which owners of non-domestic
developments are allowed to use fresh water for evaporative cooling in air-conditioning
systems, making a total of 45 designated areas in the territory.

In view of the positive feedback from owners of non-domestic buildings on the scheme, the
Government has now decided to further expand its scope to designate more areas.

The Government’s initiative to promote energy efficiency through the use of fresh water
evaporative cooling towers is increasing day by day and its objectives are-

* To promote energy efficient water-cooled air conditioning systems.

* To assess the impacts of such systems in infrastructure.

* To assess the health and environmental effects of such systems; and

* To provide information for studying the implementation of water-cooled air-conditioning

systems.

Chapter-2
12
 Design, Development and Cost Estimation

2.1 Introduction
The main objective is to get rid of the split air conditioner and get a natural and eco-friendly
method for cooling the surroundings. The water cooled is that method as it uses water for
cooling the block. The basic mechanism behind this method is as shown by the diagram. The
hot water gets cooled in the cooling tower and then is shifted to the chiller through pipes for
further cooling the hot air present in the machine. Then this cold air passes through the pipes
and reach each and every room through the AHUs or FCUs in our case and cool the
surroundings. In the same way the hot air from the rooms goes up to the chiller machine and
gets cooled and returns back cold and this process works simultaneously.

2.2 Design of the process

The basic archtitectural drawing of the different floor of the B-block are shown

13
14
15
16
2.3 Process specifications

17
As discussed in the previous chapter the working principle of water cooled air conditioning
system is Vapour compression cycle and the various processes it includes are :-

1. Compression.
2. Condensation.

3. Expansion.

4. Vaporisation (Evaporation).

We will this processes in detail –

1. Compression:-

This is where the circulating refrigerant rejects heat from the system and the rejected heat is
carried away by either the water. To complete the refrigeration cycle, the refrigerant vapour
from the evaporator is again a saturated vapour and is routed back into the compressor.

2. Condensation:-
18
The hot, compressed vapour is then in the thermodynamic state known as a superheated
vapour and it is at a temperature and pressure at which it can be condensed with either
cooling water or cooling air flowing across the coil or tubes. This is where the circulating
refrigerant rejects heat from the system and the rejected heat is carried away by either the
water.

3. Expansion:-

The condensed liquid refrigerant, in the thermodynamic state known as a saturated liquid, is
next routed through an expansion valve where it undergoes an abrupt reduction in pressure.

4. Evaporation:-

That pressure reduction results in the adiabatic flash evaporation of a part of the liquid
refrigerant. The auto-refrigeration effect of the adiabatic flash evaporation lowers the
temperature of the liquid and vapour refrigerant mixture to where it is colder than the
temperature of the enclosed space to be refrigerated.

2.4 Details of mechanical subparts

As discussed in the previous chapter thoroughly the components of the water cooled air
conditioning system (Cooling tower, AHUs, FCUs, Expansion tank, Chilling machine etc.)
we will discuss the few left out subparts which are-

 Pumps: The Heart of HVAC. The centrifugal pump has long been the workhorse
of HVAC systems, supporting the operation of chillers, boilers, cooling towers,
domestic water systems, and hydronic distribution systems.
 Pipes: Piping encompasses many different fluids, pressures, and temperatures. This
piping can be located above or below ground and route through the interior or exterior
of a building. These factors must be taken into consideration when specifying HVAC
piping within a project.

 Ducts: Ducts are conduits or passages used in heating, ventilation, and air
conditioning (HVAC) to deliver and remove air. The needed airflows include, for
example, supply air, return air, and exhaust air.[1]Ducts commonly also
deliver ventilation air as part of the supply air. As such, air ducts are one method of
ensuring acceptable indoor air quality as well as thermal comfort.
 (Ducts not used in our block as we are using FCUs instead of AHUs).

2.5 Assembly of hardware and component

19
This part of the chapter deals with the basic setup of the entire system and each and every of
its components discussed above. The basic diagram for the assembly of all the subparts is
shown below:-

2.6 Cost estimation

Although the setting up the system is costly but the detailed cost cannot be revealed. Because
to know the cost we are required with quotation of the system which is generally with the
company associated with this system. The company will only give us the quotation if we are
replacing our traditional system with their current system and moreover it is a case study
about the chiller water system we are more interested in the load of the machine required,
setting of the system, working of the system, detail structure rather than its cost. The cost
estimation for the installation of each and every component like cooling tower, chilling
machine, fcus, pumps, pipes and also there dimensions and the their capacity is calculated by
first calculating the requirement of TR req. i.e we first calculated the load for the entire block
by using BTU sheets for each and room and after getting the total TR of the block we
finalised the machines which can be used for cooling and the diameter of the pipes was also
calculated after that only.

Chapter-3
20
 Results and Discussions

3.1 Introduction

This chapter deals with the entire procedure through which we calculated the heat load of the
entire block. This chapter tells each and every step starting from the factors to be taken under
consideration to calculating for each and every room and to add them all for entire block.
Then after getting the load we worked on the machines which would be appropriate for our
usage. The pipes for transfer of return and supply and even between the cooling tower and
chilling machine is calculated as per the load calculated. Then we also calculated estimated
cost depending on the gathered data from the market price of the various components.

3.2 Details of experimental procedure

After collecting the architectural drawing of the block we first found all the factors req. for
heat load calculations as taught by our supervisor sir i.e orientation of the walls, length, width
and height of the walls, lights and electronics present in the room, usage of the room, no. of
occupants, no. of glasses and its dimensions, doors and various other factors as per guided.
Then after collecting all the data we made BTU sheets for each and every room a sample of
whose is shown below. We calculated heat load for each room under two conditions i.e
monsoon and summer conditions, the temperature and humidity was taken accordingly as per
the guidance given to us for both the conditions. After the calculations we chose the max. Of
the two values and then added them up to get the max. Possible tonnage for each floor. Then
we added all the tonnages of the floors to get the total heat load of the block in TR. Then we
found the machines appropriate for the required load. The pipes and their dimensions were
also determined depending on that load and is shown in the chapter towards the end.

21
 3.3 Plan for experimentation
The plan for experimentation was to get the heat load of the block for two different
conditions so as to be sure for the total value or heat load of the entire block and this
experiment made us sure that we have calculated the max. Possible tonnage for the block and
the machines are also set depending on the same and with one thing is sure that the capacity
will not exceed under any natural conditions. Then with values of dbt and wbt, we calculated
the various factors from the psychometry chart as shown in the fig. below.

22
23
 3.4 Selection of range of process parameters
As we have discussed, the two conditions that we took under considerations were summer
and monsoon. The different values as guided to us are shown in the given table.

Monsoon Summer
Outside room temperature DBT-95 ; WBT-83 DBT-110 ; WBT-75
Inside room temperature 73 73
Temperature difference 22 37
Relative humidity 55% 55%
Grains 84 7

These values were prescribed by the supervisor sir and were kept constant for the entire
process. All other factors and values were calculated depending on this factors only and are
shown in the further sections with the suitable tables also attached.

3.5 Methodology

As the parameters in the above section we calculated the heat load for each and every room
with all the correct and suitable factors from the given study book to us by the supervisor sir
and all those tables are shown below. The weight of the walls were supposed 100 lb/sq feet.

24
25
After using the data from above tables and making all the BTU sheets and calculating the
total heat load for the entire block and setting up the machines on the terrace, we calculated
the diameter of the pipes which are to be installed in the entire building by the help of the
given graphs. These values of the diameter are shown in the architectural drawings in the
next chapter.

26
27
28
 Chapter 4
Testing and Deployment

4.1 Introduction

We after calculating every important aspect got it checked from our respected supervisor sir
and he cross checked each and every factor under consideration. Then with those values and
calculations we plotted the pipes and machines in the architectural drawings as shown below.
This chapter also includes the no. of machines required with their capacity and also the
energy required for those machines as well. A basic idea for the expenditures for all those
machines is also calculated towards the end of this chapter. We also tried to gather the data
for instruments for solar energy system. The area available after installing the chillers and
cooling tower is not enough for the entire load that’s why we have just noted the cost of solar
energy system per TR.

4.2 Architectural design

In this section we have copied the diagrams of the different floors with all the machines in
each and every room and also the diameters of the various pipes spread throughout the floors.
Due to its small size it would be difficult to see the diameter of the pipes so we have also
provided the plan/ drawing in A1 size as well for better reading of all the dimensions.

29
30
31
32
33
4.3 Load calculation

As the load calculated from the BTU sheets (submitted separately) the summary sheets for
the block is given below.
34
Floor Total load (TR) TOTAL DEHUMDIFIED CFM

GROUND 40.73 22769.41

FIRST 43.62 22987.23

SECOND 54.18 28257.8

TOTAL 138.53 74014.44

Total TR = 138.53
Taking safety factor = 25%
Total TR = 173.03TR
= 175 TR (approx.)
CHILLER MACHINE = 90TR X 2 machine (2 working and 1 stand by)

Water for chiller machine

US GPM = (TR X 12 X 2)/10
Chilled water = 2.4 US GPM/TR
Condenser
US GPM = (TR X 15 X 2)/7.5
Condenser water = 4 US GPM/TR
*(These calculations were required for diameter of pipes throughout the building)

The machines used according to the above calculations are as follows:-

Machine Tonnage (TR) Quantity

Cooling tower 115 3

Chilling machine 90 3

Fan coil units 1.5-3 70

Total load for the entire building:-

35
Taking 1.5 kw electricity required for running 1TR load machine
Load required for:-
Chiller machine (180 TR) = 181.5 kw
Cooling tower (230 TR) = 345 kw
FCUs (143 TR) = 214.5
1.5*555 TR (rounded off) = 832.5 kw

Chapter 5
Conclusions and scope of future work

5.1 Introduction

36
After the study of the various processes under HVAC category we concluded that the water
cooled air refrigerant system is the most appropriate method due to its various advantages
like
1. The refrigerant is water which is non-toxic, non-flammable and easily available.
2. It can be used for large buildings as well with large load or tonnages.
3. Despite of expensive setting up cost it is a cheap method for longer periods of time.

5.2 Conclusions

Impact of the system on environment and society

The system is used to provide thermal comfort and acceptable indoor air quality. The society
is upgrading their traditional cooling system with HVAC system as it is more efficient and
large commercial buildings that require a substantial amounting cooling often uses water
chillers because they are cost effective and there is a reduced hazard by not having refrigerant
piped all over the building. It is non-corrosive, has benefits heat value, it is non-toxic and
inexpensive.

On Environment it play a different role as earlier system contain CFC which is greenhouse
gas so it was replaced by the Freon. Now a chiller water system contain water as its
secondary refrigerant. Chiller is used to remove heat from the water which is then circulated
through other components to absorb heat from the space.

Water is non-corrosive, has specific heat value, fluid, non-toxic and is cheap. This makes it
an excellent choice compared to other secondary refrigerants such as sodium chloride brines,
propylene glycols, ethylene, methanol or glycerin.

On Indoor environment the system helps to increase a person working efficiency as the lower
temperature helps the person working efficiently

As it keep a proper and ideal temperature in which it's installed. This method regulates indoor
humidity, airflow and temperature thus making the location more comfortable hence working
environment is also comfortable.
5.3 Future scope
The necessary evolution of today’s energy efficient refrigerants is increasing the demand for
improved industry innovation. Trends and developments are largely focused around
alternative refrigerants, sustainability, Indoor Air Quality. Developments in ecofriendly
refrigerants and the race to have these new technologies which result in environment friendly
system. With use of renewable resource of energy it will result in hele efficient system.
37
The system is changing with the smart high-tech system. Smart thermostat technology, smart
equipment integration, technology allows HVAC contractors to automate much of their sales
and service processes, giving managers more time to leverage the financial benefits of
effective asset management.

Mobile service based application are the latest trend in this system as the contractor are in
touch with the system which required service. That make it fast reliable and efficient Mobile
field software will enable HVAC contractors to become more efficient. Employers should
understand that mobile service teams work safely, profitably, accurately and productively.

Thermally-driven chiller that provides a low-cost alternative to conventional air-conditioning

units, which are electrically driven. That sounds like a mouthful, but essentially these chillers
make use of solar energy that, when running short, can be supplemented by natural gas.

LIST OF FIGURES

Figures Page
Nos.

Figure 1 Various Air Conditioning system 2

38
Figure 2 Basic structure of a HVAC system 4

Figure 3 Vapour compression cycle 5

Figure 4 Air handling units basic design 6

Figure 5 Chilled water pump 7

Figure 6 Chilling machine 8

Figure 7 Cooling tower 9

Figure 8 Architectural drawing of B-block 14-

17

Figure 9 Basic assembly of hardware and component 18

Figure 10 Psychometry chart 23

Figure 11 Friction loss for open piping system 27

Figure 12 Friction loss for closed piping system 28

LIST OF TABLES

Tables Page
Nos.

Table 1 Sample BTU sheet 22

39
Table 2 Process parameters 24

Table 3Solar heat through ordinary glass 25

Table 4 Equivalent temp. Difference 26

Table 5 Load calculations 35

Table 6 Basic costing details 35

Table 7 Cost Estimations 36

LIST OF ACRONYMS

HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning

TR Tonnage
40
 BTU British thermal unit

AHU Air handling unit

FCU Fan coil unit

CFM Cubic feet per minute

WBT Wet Bulb Temperature

DBT Dry Bulb Temperature

REFERENCES

[1] Handbook of air conditioning system design.

[2] Google.

41
[3] Few known officials in HVAC department for cost purposes.

42
43
44