ACACIA MANGIUM

A. mangium trees produce sapwood and

heartwood. The heartwood's colour is brownish yellow
shimmery and medium textured. Because the timber is
extremely heavy, hard, very strong, tough, and not liable
to warp and crack badly it is used for furniture, doors and
window frames. Since these trees crack easily and
temperamental for use in furniture, this is mainly used for
the paper pulp and biomass Fuel industries. The glossy
and smooth surface finish after polishing leads also to a
potential for making export orientated parquet flooring
tiles and artifacts.

This straight trunk tropical tree is a hardwood with an extensive product range, including sawn or
hewn building timbers, heavy construction uses, beams, boat building, containers, crates, boxes,
industrial and domestic wood ware, tool handles, brushes, turnery, furniture, cabinets, flooring,
decking, veneers, wood based materials like particleboard, fibreboard, medium density
fibreboard, wood wool or excelsior, pulp and paper, charcoal and firewood. Acacia mangium’s
density and fibre length allows the wood to be sawn, polished, drilled, glued and washed.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_mangium
https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Solid-Acacia-Mangium-large-leaf-
acacia_60379971159.html
http://co2tropicaltrees.blogspot.com/2009/09/acacia-mangium-is-miracle-tree-in-terms.html

ACACIA RAINTREE

Acacia Raintree (Roadside Acacia) is valued for its

shade. Popularly used in carving, making tables, wood
basins and bowls. Hats are made from the shavings of the
wood.

http://www.stuartxchange.org/Acacia

ALDER

Electric guitars, most notably those manufactured

by the Fender Musical Instruments Corporation, have
been built with alder bodies since the 1950s. Alder is
appreciated for its claimed tight and even balanced tone,
especially when compared to mahogany, and has been
adopted by many electric guitar manufacturers.
As a hardwood, alder is used in making furniture,
cabinets, and other woodworking products.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alder#Uses
 ASH
With its typical straight grain and beige-to-light-brown
hue, ash wood is a very attractive option for fine furniture. It’s one
of the most durable varieties and has an extensive history in
American furniture making. It is durable, lightweight, aesthetically
pleasing, and absorbs wood stains well. Its characteristics as a
lightweight and shock-resistant wood have made it a favorite for
baseball bats, tool handles, and restaurant furniture. Today ash
is making a splash in home furnishings, particularly in the mid-
century modern style.

https://vermontwoodsstudios.com/content/ash-wood

BANGKIRAI
Bangkirai (or sometimes named Balau) is one of the most
used and traded tropical hardwoods. It is difficult to work with
hand tools because of its hardness and high density. Pre drilling
is always advised when screws or nails are used. Balau will
absorb paint quick. It is therefore recommended to use special
oils that soak into the wood well. The lumber can be glued but
due to its high density it is advised to use special heavy duty glue.
Fresh wood contains resin and therefore need to dry well before
handling. Balau wood is used in a wide range of products like
heavy construction but also as flooring, decking, furniture, toys,
veneer and much more

http://www.wooddomain.com/trees/balau

BEECH
Beech wood is an excellent firewood, easily split and burning
for many hours with bright but calm flames. The European species
Fagus sylvatica yields a utility timber that is tough but dimensionally
unstable. It weighs about 720 kg per cubic metre and is widely used
for furniture framing and carcase construction, flooring and
engineering purposes, in plywood and in household items like plates,
but rarely as a decorative wood. The timber can be used to build
chalets, houses, and log cabins. The pink-brown hardwood of the
Antarctic beech is used in flooring and cabinetmaking.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beech#Uses
https://www.britannica.com/plant/beech

BINTANGOR
The wood is dark red to brown red or pinkish brown
with darker veins and with clearly demarcated sapwood.
The grain is interlocked and the texture is medium. Density
at 12 % moisture content: 0.74 g/cm3. The blunting effect
is normal and peeling and slicing is reported to be good.
Risks of internal stresses. Tendency to woolliness. Filling
is recommended to obtain a good finish. Nailing is good but
pre-boring is necessary. Gluing is correct for interior only. Bintangor dries normal to slow. There
are risks of end checks. It is recommended to stack the piles in the alignment of spacer sticks in
order to avoid warping.
Bintangor is moderately durable to fungi and is durable in dry wood borers; sapwood
demarcated (risk limited to sapwood). Bintangor can be used for several applications such as: •
interior: e.g. flooring, furniture, boxes and crates, formwork, sliced veneer, panelling, stairs,
joinery, veneer • exterior: e.g. ship building, wood frame house, joinery, heavy carpentry Bintangor
can be used for high class furniture if the grain is not highly interlocked.

https://www.lesserknowntimberspecies.com/species/bintangor

BIRCH
Birch wood is fine-grained and pale in colour, often
with an attractive satin-like sheen. Ripple figuring may occur,
increasing the value of the timber for veneer and furniture-
making. The highly decorative Masur (or Karelian) birch,
from Betula verrucosa var. carelica, has ripple textures
combined with attractive dark streaks and lines. Birch
plywood is made from laminations of birch veneer. It is light
but strong, and has many other good properties. It's among
the strongest and dimensionally most stable plywoods,
although it is unsuitable for exterior use. Birch plywood is
used to make longboards (skateboard), giving it a strong yet
flexible ride. It is also used (often in very thin grades with
many laminations) for making model aircraft. Birch plywood
was specified by the BBC as the only wood that can be used in making the cabinets of the long-
lived LS3/5A loudspeaker. Birch is used as firewood because of its high calorific value per unit
weight and unit volume. It burns well, without popping, even when frozen and freshly hewn. The
bark will burn very well even when wet because of the oils it contains. With care, it can be split
into very thin sheets that will ignite from even the smallest of sparks.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birch#Uses

CHERRY
In terms of appearance, cherry wood is
usually reddish brown with a golden hue, although
when it is freshly cut it is paler. Its oxidisation creates
the popular rich brown-red over time. The heart and
sapwood of the cherry tree are easy to identify as
the sapwood is narrow and yellowish to reddish,
while the heart is yellowish to light red-brown.
Cherry is used in a variety of styles, and has
also been called New England mahogany. It is often
used to craft 18th century Colonial and French
Provincial designs in the USA. This type of
hardwood can have many different applications, therefore, including: furniture (such as kitchen
cabinets); mouldings; millwork; flooring; doors; boat interiors; musical instruments (such as pianos
and violin bows); turnings; carvings; veneers; and joineries.

https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/The_Properties_of_Cherry_Wood
 CLADOCALYX
The tree notable for its mottled colourful yellow to
orange bark, strongly discolourous leaves and
inflorescences grouped on leafless branchlets inside the
tree crown. The old bark is smooth and grey, shedding in
irregular patches to expose the fresh yellowy-brown bark.
Flowers are creamy-white in summer. The capsules are
barrel to urn shaped.
The tree is commonly planted across southern
Australia for use as a windbreak or shelterbelt, or for timber
and firewood production. The wood is termite resistant, with
moderate strength and durability and can be used for furniture, flooring, posts, construction timber
and for railway sleepers. The hard and heavy heartwood is a pale yellow-brown colour and has
fine uniform texture with an interlocked grain. The density of the air dried wood is around 1,105
kg/m3 (1,863 lb/cu yd) and is moderately durable.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_cladocalyx

FALCATA
Acacia falcata is adaptable to a wide range of
soils in cultivation, and its attractive foliage is a
horticultural feature. It is propagated by seed which must
be pretreated with boiling water before it is able to
germinate. It is easy to grow given a good sunlit position
and good drainage, and is used in revegetation.
Australian indigenous people use the bark to
make a liniment for treating ailments of the skin. A.
falcata is excellent for stabilizing barren sand. The bark
is important in the tanning industry.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acacia_falcata

GMELINA
The wood is suitable for general utility purposes,
especially light construction and structural work, general
carpentry, packaging, carvings, utility furniture and
decorative veneers, with excellent woodworking
properties. Additionally, the wood has been used in light
flooring, for musical instruments, matches, particle
board, as a mine timber, in vehicle bodies and ships. It
is suitable for telephone posts when treated with
preservatives. It produces good-quality pulp; unmixed
semi-chemical pulp is only suitable for carton board or
low-grade writing paper, kraft pulp is suitable for higher
grades of writing paper. The wood is often used as firewood and for charcoal.

https://uses.plantnet-project.org/en/Gmelina_arborea_(PROTA)
GRANDIS
The wood is usually not very stable in service. The
wood works well with machine and hand tools, but the
surface may be woolly and the wood has a tendency to
splinter. It saws cleanly, planes excellently and takes all
kinds of finish well. Nail and screw holding properties are
good, but the wood tends to split on nailing unless pre-
bored. The gluing properties are good. The wood has
been used for fence posts, building, transmission and
telephone poles, boxes and hooks. It is especially used
for boat building, flooring, plywood, paneling and general construction. It can also be used for
sawn timber but has tendency to split. It has been used as a source of pulp for making paper

http://tropical.theferns.info/viewtropical.php?id=Eucalyptus+grandis

IROKO
Iroko wood is used in many applications like
cabinetmaking, boat-construction, domestic flooring, furniture and
paneling as a substitute for teak, which it resembles both in colour
(light brown to deep golden-brown) and in grain. It is very durable
because it is rot and insect resistant. It is also used in some
musical instruments due to its lively sound.

http://logbaby.com/encyclopedia/iroko-tree--uko-_16710.html#.XI4jDCgza00

JATOBA
Although it’s widely named “Brazilian Cherry,” (mostly
among flooring sellers), it bears little relation to the domestic
Cherry (Prunus serotina) that is found in the US, except
perhaps that its natural color closely matches the common
stained color of domestic Cherry that has been aged/stained
reddish-brown as seen on some interior furniture.
Jatoba is exceptionally stiff, strong, and hard—
representing a great value for woodworkers seeking high-
strength, low-cost lumber. It is usually used for flooring,
furniture, cabinetry, tool handles, shipbuilding, railroad ties,
turned objects, and other small specialty items.

https://www.wood-database.com/jatoba/

KAMAGONG
Kamagong, also known as mabolo, is a tree that
reaches a height of about 25 to 32 meters and a diameter of
60 to 80 centimeters. The bole is irregular, oftentimes
bending shortly above the ground. The dark wood is suitable
for carvings. The wood of the kamagong is used for making
furniture, cabinets, laying canes, tool handles, finger boards
and violins, drawing instruments, and shuttle and bobbins.
The tree is often planted for its rather sweet but dry edible
fruits, and also as a roadside tree.
https://www.philstar.com/cebu-news/2011/12/27/762143/diospyros-philippensis-desr-
gurke#5Fev5ea4WUDuaZLD.99

KAMARERE
The tree is sometimes called Rainbow Eucalyptus
because the tree’s bark is frequently multi-colored as
outer patches are shed, producing an interesting array of
hues. Deglupta is also sometimes sold under the trade
name Kamarere. It is usually used for Paper (pulpwood),
veneer, furniture, and millwork.
https://www.wood-database.com/deglupta/

KARRI
Karri wood is a beautiful mahogany colour, lighter
in color than jarrah. It is used extensively in the building
industry, particularly in roofs due to the length and
uninterrupted knot-free nature of the trunk. The wood is
also used for flooring, furniture, cabinetry and plywood.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eucalyptus_diversicolor

KERUING
Keruing timber is strong and classified as
durable, making it useful for construction purposes.
Other common uses include internal flooring, protected
framing and boards, internal joinery and mouldings,
lining, paneling, and framework. Preservative-treated
material is used for poles and piles.

https://www.woodsolutions.com.au/wood-
species/keruing

KHAYA
The wood is used for a variety of purposes. It is
often used conventionally for carpentry, interior trim,
and construction. Traditionally the wood was used for
dugout canoes, household implements, djembe, and
fuel wood. The bitter tasting bark is used for a variety
of medical purposes; it is taken against fever caused
by malaria, stomach complaints, and headaches. It is
applied externally to cure skin rashes, wounds, or any
abnormality. It has been exported from West Africa (Gambia) to Europe since the first half of the
19th century and has been exploited heavily for its timber. It is now used more locally, and is
planted ornamentally as a roadside tree.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khaya_senegalensis
LENGA
Fireland cherry is a close grain wood that stains well
to resemble American cherry, and is grown in a temperate
forest in Chile.
Reported to be generally easy to work with both
hand and machine tools. They plane, turn, bore, mould, and
mortise well to yield clean surfaces. The wood glues well
and can be sanded easily. Steam bending properties are
rated from fair to good. Strength in compression parallel to
grain is in the high range. Other species in this range
include teak, white oak, and hard maple. It is fairly hard, resisting wear and denting fairly well. It
is used for Paneling, moldings, cabinets and casework for the home and office, drawers,
containers, and interior furniture.

http://www.eastteak.com/exotic-woods/lenga-lumbe/

MAHOGANY
Mahogany has a straight, fine, and even grain, and
is relatively free of voids and pockets. Its reddish-brown
color darkens over time, and displays a reddish sheen
when polished. It has excellent workability, and is very
durable. Historically, the tree's girth allowed for wide
boards from traditional mahogany species. These
properties make it a favorable wood for crafting cabinets
and furniture.
Mahogany also resists wood rot, making it
attractive in boat construction and outdoor decking. It is a
tonewood, often used for musical instruments, particularly the backs, sides and necks of acoustic
guitars, electric guitar bodies,[44] and drum shells because of its ability to produce a very deep,
warm tone compared to other commonly used woods, such as maple or birch. Guitars featuring
mahogany in their construction include Martin D-18, select Taylor Guitars, Gibson Guitars,
Hagström. In the 1930s Gibson used the wood to make banjo necks as well, the RB, TB and PB
style 3s and RB, TB and PB style 75s were most commonly fitted with mahogany necks.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahogany#Uses

MAPLE
More common, maple syrup is used as a dressing for
pancakes and other desserts. Wood of maple is used in the
industry of music instruments for the production of violins, viola,
guitars and drums. Different types of furniture, baseball bats,
bowling pins and butcher's blocks are often made of maple
trees.

http://www.softschools.com/facts/plants/maple_tree_facts/640/
 MENKULANG
The wood works with moderate ease, but tends
to blunt tools, especially saw teeth, fairly quickly. The
timber can be planed to a smooth finish but care is
needed when planing quarter-sawn material in order to
avoid the grain picking up. Mengkulang peels well and
glues satisfactorily, but the wood is liable to split when
nailed. It is said that the material from Malaysia is slightly
more difficult to work than that from Thailand.
Mengkulang takes paint and polishes well.

https://www.trada.co.uk/wood-species/mengkulang/

MERANTI
Meranti is a soft to firm hardwood timber commonly
used for decorative purposes such as mouldings, furniture,
panelling, joinery and window frames. It is a very versatile
and durable timber for indoor applications, and can be
painted and stained to match the colour and designs in your
home.

https://www.porta.com.au/timber_type/meranti/

MERBAU
The bark and leaves of the ipil are used in traditional
medicines. The tree's timber, called merbau or kwila, is a very
durable and termite-resistant wood, making it a highly valued
material for flooring and other uses. The wood can also be used to
extract a dye.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intsia_bijuga

MOLAVE
It is also known as tugas in Visayan languages. It
yields one of two woods from the same genus called molave
wood, the other being Vitex cofassus. It is valued in the
Philippines for its dense durable wood, and was once used
extensively in furniture, boats, utensils, and as construction
material.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitex_parviflora
 NARRA
Plant used as folk remedy for bladder ailments,
diarrhea, dropsy, headache, stones, thrust, and tumors of the
abdomen. Old narra is a much sought-after wood for its
durability and use in floorings, cabinetry, construction,
furniture making, decorative carvings, and musical
instruments.

http://www.stuartxchange.org/Narra.html

NYATOH
Sometimes the trees are used for making canoes.
The most important uses of nyatoh are for the manufacture
of fine furniture, decorative doors and veneers, and
panelling. Gutta-percha, i.e. latex from Palaquium trees,
especially P. gutta, has been praised for its insulating
property and imperviousness to water.

https://uses.plantnet-
project.org/en/Palaquium_(PROSEA_Timbers)

OAK
White oak is often used to make wine barrels. The wood
of the deciduous pedunculate oak and sessile oak accounts for
most of the European oak production, but evergreen species,
such as Holm oak and cork oak also produce valuable timber.
The bark of the white oak is dried and used in medical
preparations.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak

OKOUME
Outside of its native range, most Okoume is sold as veneer
or plywood. Solid lumber is used in furniture and joinery where it
grows locally. Imports to the United States are mainly in the form
of veneer and plywood, especially for use in decorative paneling,
hollow-core doors and furniture.

https://www.hunker.com/12003521/what-is-okoume-wood

PINE
 Commercial pines are grown in plantations for timber
that is denser and therefore more durable than spruce
(Picea). Pine wood is widely used in high-value carpentry
items such as furniture, window frames, panelling, floors,
and roofing, and the resin of some species is an important
source of turpentine.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine

POPLAR
Seldom used for its appearance, (except in
the case of Rainbow Poplar), poplar is a utility wood
in nearly every sense. It's used for pallets, crates,
upholstered furniture frames, paper (pulpwood),
and plywood.

https://www.wood-database.com/poplar/

RUBBERWOOD
Rubberwood has a dense grain that is easily
controlled in the kiln drying process. Rubber-wood has
very little shrinkage making it one of the more stable
construction materials available for furniture, toys and
kitchen accessories. It is easily worked, and takes on
stains uniformly. As with all hardwoods, rubberwood
comes in varying degrees of quality.
It is not suitable for outdoor use, as rain can
leach the protective chemicals from the wood,
exposing it to fungus and insect attacks. Excessive
moisture will also cause the wood to warp and rot.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberwood#Uses

ROSEWOOD
Prized as a decorative tree and used to make furniture, chopsticks
and show pieces, rosewood is a versatile and durable tree that grows
abundantly in Brazil. But rosewood is more than just a raw material used
in manufacturing. The popular fragrant oil of the same name is extracted
from its wood.

https://articles.mercola.com/herbal-oils/rosewood-oil.aspx
 SAPELLI
Sapele is sourced from West Africa, primarily Cameroon and
Congo, and is commonly used as an alternative to Mahogany. ... When
Sapele trees grow the grains in the timber twist and interlock in irregular
intervals resulting in a very distinctive look. Sapele is widely used in door,
window and flooring applications.

https://www.baillie.com/hardwood-lumber-blog/item/341-common-uses-
for-sapele

TAUN
Uses of taun in construction include general house framing,
cladding, fascia boards, internal flooring, and plywood. Taun's
properties also lend themselves to decorative applications such as
lining, paneling, joinery, cabinetwork, outdoor furniture, carving,
turnery and veneers.

https://www.woodsolutions.com.au/wood-species/taun

TEAK
Teak's high oil content, high tensile strength and tight
grain make it particularly suitable where weather resistance is
desired. It is used in the manufacture of outdoor furniture and boat
decks. It is also used for cutting boards, indoor flooring,
countertops and as a veneer for indoor furnishings.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teak

WALNUT
Walnut wood is warm and rich in color and
finishes well. Walnut is a fine-grained hardwood
that is dense and shock resistant. It polishes to a
very smooth finish, making it ideal for furniture
making and carving. Walnut burl is often made into
veneer and is highly prized by cabinet makers and
car manufacturers.

https://hunskihardwoods.com/walnut-wood-
varieties-and-usage/
 Silliman University
College of Engineering and Design
Department of Civil Engineering
Timber Design

WOOD SPECIES IN THE PHILIPPINES

AND THEIR USES

Submitted to:
Engr. Christian Faith L. Crieta

Submitted by:
Christine Anne Emmanuelle E. Dinopol
CE48 – B