INTRODUCTION OF DETERMINATE

AND INDETERMINATE STRUCTURES

Prepared by:
Mohd Raizamzamani bin Md Zain
 LEARNING OUTCOMES
WEEK 1
At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
q identify types of frame structures and structural idealization
q define static and kinematic indeterminacy of structures

OUTLINE
Determinate and Indeterminate Structures:
q Analysis of beams
q Analysis of trusses
q Analysis of frames
 STRUCTURE

Stable Unstable

Statically Determinate Statically Statically

Geometrically
Indeterminate

External Internal
Types of Framed Structures:
q beams
q trusses
q frames
Static indeterminacy
Static indeterminacy is the excess of unknown actions
(generalized applied and reactional forces) as
compared to the number of equations static
equilibrium available. The number of excess of
unknown actions represents the degree of static
indeterminacy (or redundant).
q External indeterminacy occurs at the supports.
q Internal indeterminacy occurs in the members of
the structure.
a. Plane truss. Space truss

d = m + r - nj

where,
d = the degree of static indeterminacy,
m = no. of member,
r = no. of reaction,
j = no. of joint.
Plane truss n = 2, space truss n = 3.
(If d = 0 it is statically determinate)

b. Beam and Plane Frame

d = 3m + r – 3j
EXERCISE 1
 Kinematic Indeterminacy

q In the stiffness method, the displacements of the joints

become the unknown quantities.

q Therefore, kinematic indeterminacy becomes important.

q When loads are applied on structure, each joint will
undergo displacements (translation and rotation).
q Some displacements may be known, others unknown.

q The number of unknown joint displacements is the

degree of kinematic indeterminacy or the number of
degrees of freedom for joint displacement.
 A B

Joint B has 2 degrees of freedom (rotation and

translation). It is normal to neglect axial deformation
and thus no translation. So joint B has only one degree
of freedom (rotation).
B C

A D

Seven degree of freedom if include axial deformation.

Four degree of freedom if ignore axial.
 A B

Kinematically determinate (zero degree of freedom).

A B C

E F
D

Joints A, B, C and D each has 2 degrees of freedom.

E and F have zero and one degree of freedom
respectively. Thus, the truss has a total of nine
degrees of freedom for joint translation or the truss is
kinematically indeterminate to the ninth degree.
 Summary
Analysis of Static Kinematic
indeterminate indeterminacy indeterminacy
structure
Flexibility Degree of static N.A
Method indeterminacy
(Redundant)
Stiffness N.A Degree of
Method freedom (DOF)
Thank
You