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The head loss is the sum of the head losses in each of the pipes.
The friction factors will be different for each pipe because the
Re and Ԑ will be different.
Pipes in series (Problem types)
Type I:
If flowrate is known, the pressure drop or head loss can be
determined from given equations.
Type II:
If the pressure drop is given and flowrate is required, an
iteration scheme is needed.
None of the friction factors, are known, so solution may
involve more trial-and-error attempts.
Type III:
If the pressure drop is given and pipe diameter is to be
determined, iterations are needed as in Type II.
Pipes in parallel
A fluid particle traveling from A to B may take any of the paths
available, with
The total flowrate equal to the sum of the flow rates in each pipe.
The head loss experienced by any fluid particle traveling between
A and B is the same, independent of the path taken
Pipe networks
Each point in the
system can only have
one pressure
The pressure change
from 1 to 2 by path a
must equal the
pressure change from
1 to 2 by path b
Pipe networks
Assumptions
Pipe diameters are constant or K.E. is small
Model withdrawals are occurring at nodes so V is
constant between nodes
Pipe Loops
Pipe loops are common in water distribution systems.
(Eq.2)
where V1 and V2 are in ft/s.
Similarly the energy equation for fluid flowing from B
and C is
V1 + V2 = V3 (Eq.1)
(Eq.2)
Example
For the given conditions this can be written as
(Eq. 3)
And (Eq. 6)
Equations 4, 5, and 6 can be solved as follows. By
subtracting Eq. 5 from 6 we obtain
(Eq. 7)
Example
which, upon squaring both sides, can be written as