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Problem 1:
Problem 2: (Investigation)
Properties:
A=17613mm2
D=549.10mm
rx=221.17mm
ry=46.86mm
Solution:
𝑝 1300 × 103
𝑓𝑎 = = = 73.81 𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑎 17613
Fa = ?
𝑘𝐿
𝑣𝑠. 𝐶𝑐
𝑟
𝑘𝐿
= 64.02 < 𝐶𝑐 = 126.17
𝑟
therefore Intermediate Column,
𝑘𝐿
5 3( 𝑟 ) (𝑘𝐿/𝑟)3
𝐹𝑠 = [ + − ]
3 8𝐶𝑐 8𝐶𝑐 3
5 3(64.02) (64.02)3
𝐹𝑠 = [ + − ] = 1.841
3 8(126.17) 8(126.17)3
(𝑘𝐿/𝑟)2 𝐹𝑦
𝐹𝑎 = [1 − ]
2𝐶𝑐 2 𝐹𝑠
(64.02)2 248
𝐹𝑎 = [1 − 2
] = 117.392𝑀𝑃𝑎
2(126.17) 1.841
fa ≤ Fa (Adequate Section)
Problem 3: (Design)
Since the depth is limited to 200mm, we can choose W8 x ? from steel manual.
𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝐿
Assume 𝑟
= 0, 𝑟
< 𝐶𝑐 intermediate column
5 𝐹𝑦 248
𝐹𝑠 = 𝐹𝑎 = = = 148.8𝑀𝑝𝑎
3 𝐹𝑠 5/3
assuming 60% - 80% of Fa (Design Experience)
𝑘𝐿 1 (4500) 2𝜋 2 𝐸
= = 110.21 𝐶𝑐 = √ = 126.17
𝑟 40.83 248
𝑘𝐿
< 𝐶𝑐 𝐼𝑛𝑡. 𝐶𝑜𝑙. 𝐹𝑠 = 1.911 𝐹𝑎 = 80.265𝑀𝑃𝑎
𝑟
𝑃 360 × 103
𝑓𝑎 = = = 78.81𝑀𝑃𝑎 𝑓𝑎 < 𝐹𝑎 (𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒)
𝐴 4568
Try W8x21, A=3974𝑚𝑚2 rx=88.21mm ry=31.99
𝑘𝐿 1 (4500) 2𝜋 2 𝐸
= = 140.67 𝐶𝑐 = √ = 126.17
𝑟 31.99 248
𝑘𝐿
> 𝐶𝑐 𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔. 𝐶𝑜𝑙.
𝑟
12𝜋 2 (200000)
𝐹𝑎 = = 52.045𝑀𝑃𝑎
23(140.67)2
360 × 103
𝑓𝑎 = = 90.59𝑀𝑃𝑎
3974
𝑓𝑎 > 𝐹𝑎 (𝑈𝑛𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒)
Therefore, Adopt W8x24 column.
Problem 4:
A = 4742𝑚𝑚2
x = 17.12mm
d = 304.8mm
rx = 112.43mm
ry = 19.81mm
tw = 9.8mm
bf = 77.4mm
tf = 12.7mm
Compare fa vs Fa;
Or
𝐴𝑡 𝑦̅ = ∑ 𝐴𝑦
𝐴𝑡 = 450(12) + 2(4742)
𝐴𝑡 = 14884 𝑚𝑚2
𝐴𝑡 𝑦̅ = 𝐴𝑝 𝑦𝑝 + 2𝐴𝑐 𝑦𝑐
304.8
14884𝑦̅ = (450)(12)(6) + 2(4742)(12 + )
2
𝑦̅ = −106.93
450(12)3 304.8
𝐼𝑥 = [ + (450)(12)(106.93 − 6)2 ] + 2 [59937 × 103 + 4742(12 + − 106.93)2 ]
12 𝑝
2 𝑐
12(450)3
𝐼𝑦 = [ ] + 2[1861 × 103 + 4742(225 − 17.12)2 ]
12
𝐼𝑥 206.27 × 106
𝑟𝑥 = √ = √ = 117.72𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑇 14884
𝐼𝑦 504.69 × 106
𝑟𝑦 = √ = √ = 184.14𝑚𝑚
𝐴𝑇 14884
Checking now the adequacy of the composite section,
2100 × 108
𝑓𝑎 = = 141.09𝑀𝑃𝑎
14884
𝑘𝐿
< 𝐶𝑐 (𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛)
𝑟
5 3(35.68) (35.68)3
𝐹𝑠 = [ + − ] = 1.77
3 8(126.17) 8(126.17)3
(35.68)2 248
𝐹𝑎 = [1 − ] = 134.51𝑀𝑃𝑎
2(126.17)2 1.77
Problem 5:
Determine the max length of W14x82 section if it used as a hinged column to support an axial load of
1200KN. Fy = 450MPa
W14x82 Properties:
A = 15548𝑚𝑚2
rx = 153.66mm
ry = 62.94mm
Given:
k = 1.0
P = 1200KN
Fy = 450MPa
A = 15548𝑚𝑚2
rx = 153.66mm
ry = 62.94mm
Solution:
𝑘𝐿 𝑘𝐿
=? 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 ( > 𝐶𝑐 )
𝑟 𝑟
12𝜋 2 (𝐸) 𝑃
𝐹𝑎 = 2 = ;
𝑘𝐿 𝐴
23 ( 𝑟 )
𝐿 = 7270.51𝑚𝑚
Check assumption,
𝑘𝐿
> 𝐶𝑐 (𝐿𝑜𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛, 𝐶𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)
𝑟
Therefore the max L = 7.27m
Tension
Problem 1:
Determine the critical net area of the 12mm thick plate shown. The holes are punched for a 20mm∅
bolt. Calculate the critical net area.
Req’d:
Solution:
= [127-2(20+1.6)]x12
𝐴𝑛 = 1005.6𝑚𝑚2
= 1273.44𝑚𝑚2
Determine the critical net area of the 15mm thick plate shown. The holes are punched for a 16mm∅
rivet.
Req’d:
Solution:
𝐴𝑛 = 9387.36𝑚𝑚2
= 7054.72𝑚𝑚2
c. Path ABC 𝐴𝑛 = net width x thk
(175)2 (75)2
= [500-3(16+1.6)+ + ] x 15
4(75) 4(80)
= 8502.92𝑚𝑚2
= 8447.58𝑚𝑚2
= 8503.25𝑚𝑚2
= 7235.67𝑚𝑚2
Therefore;
Determine the net area along path ABCDEF for the C380x50 shown. Holes are for 19mm ∅ bolts. For
channel section:
The technique is to convert the Channel section to its equivalent Plate section
𝐴𝑛 = net width x thickness
𝑠2
= [𝑊𝑔 - ∑ 𝐷𝑖𝑎. 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 + ∑ ] x thk
4𝑔
𝑠2
= (𝑊𝑔 ) x thk – (∑ 𝐷𝑖𝑎. 𝐻𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠) x thk + (∑ 4𝑔) x thk
𝐴𝑛 = 5767.75𝑚𝑚2
Problem 4:
Given:
𝐹𝑣 rivet = 152MPa
Req’d: 𝑃𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒
Solution:
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑡 𝐴𝑔 = 0.6𝐹𝑦 × 𝐴𝑔
P = 0.5(400)(1.0)(1648)
P = 329.6KN
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑉 𝐴𝑉 = 152(pi/4*(16)2 *4)
P = 122.245KN
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑝 𝐴𝑝 = 1.2𝐹𝑢 𝐴𝑝
= 1.2(400)[16(10)(4)]
P = 307.2KN
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑉 𝐴𝑉 + 𝐹𝑇 𝐴 𝑇
P = 425.44KN
Note: You may check for other possible Block Shear Failure.
A riveted lap joint shown has 5-16mm ∅ rivets w/ Fv = 152MPa. The steel plate is ASTM A53 steel,
200mm wide and 10mm thick. Determine the value of “T” in all possible modes of failure and the max
safe value of “T” that the connection can resists.
Fy = 241MPa
Fu = 414MPa
Solution:
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑡 𝐴𝑔 ; 𝑃 = 𝑇 ;
T = 289.2KN
a. section a-a
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑡 𝐴𝑒 = 0.5𝐹𝑢 ∗ 𝑈𝐴𝑛
∑ 𝐹𝐻 = 0] ; 𝑃 = 𝑇
T = 351.90KN
b. section b–b
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑡 𝐴𝑒 = 0.5𝐹𝑢 ∗ 𝑈𝐴𝑛
∑ 𝐹𝐻 = 0]
T – T/5 – P = 0; P = 4/5*T
T = 380.88KN
c. section c-c
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑡 𝐴𝑒 = 0.5𝐹𝑢 ∗ 𝑈𝐴𝑛
∑ 𝐹𝐻 = 0] T – 4(T/5) – P = 0; P = 1/5*T
T = 1759.50KN
d. section b-c-b
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑡 𝐴𝑒 = 0.5𝐹𝑢 ∗ 𝑈𝐴𝑛
∑ 𝐹𝐻 = 0] T – 2(T/5) – P = 0; P = 3/5*T
T = 586.50KN
e. section b–a-b
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑡 𝐴𝑒 = 0.5𝐹𝑢 ∗ 𝑈𝐴𝑛
∑ 𝐹𝐻 = 0] T – P = 0; P = T
T = 351.90KN
T = 152.81KN
𝑃 = 𝐹𝑝 𝐴𝑝 ; 𝑃 = 𝑇;
T = 1.2 (414)*[16*10]*5
T = 397.44KN
T = 450.85KN
Note: You may check for other possible Block Shear Failure.