Presented by

Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

“Two or more than two people
who work together to achieve
the common goals is called
organization”

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

There are several types of organization. For
example,

1. Profit and non profit organization

2. Manufacturing and servicing organization
3. Small, medium and large organization,
4. Public and private organization
5. Formal and informal organization

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Profit organization: the organization having
objective to earn money.
Non Profit organization: the organization
having objective to provide its services to the
society such as education , health etc by
charging a certain amount of money for the
maintenance of the organization.
Manufacturing organization: the organization
produces the product.
Servicing organization: the organization which
offers services or having objective to provide
some kind of service to the society.

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Public organization: the organization which is
owned by the government.
Private organization: the organization which
is owned by individual or group of people.
Formal organization: the organization having
organization structure.
Informal organization: the organization which
has not proper organization structure.

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Organization structure is defined as
hierarchal structure of an organization.

OR

The typically hierarchal arrangement of lines

of authority, communication,
rights and duties of an organization.

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Authority: The power or right to give orders,
make decisions, and enforce obedience.
Responsibility: having duty to perform and the
person is liable for it.
Coordination: integration among the group
member.

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

In organizational structure, the jobs or tasks
are divided and they are engaged in
organizational design, a process that involves
decision about six elements: work
specialization, departmentalization, chain of
command, span of control, centralization and
decentralization.

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai
1. Work Specialization
Tasks are divided into separate job or division
of labor.
2. Departmentalization
Departmentalization refers to the process of
grouping activities into departments

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

3. Chan of Command
The continuous line of authority, extends to
the highest levels in an organization to the
lowest levels and clarifies who reports to
whom.
4. Span of Control
The number of subordinates a manager can
direct efficiently and effectively.
5. Centralization & Decentralization
Centralization means that decision making is
concentrated at a single point in the
organization. Decentralization means that
decisions are made by lower level employees.
Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai
6. Formalization
Formalization is the extent to which rules
and procedures are followed in an
organization.

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Communication is a two way process of exchanging
ideas and Information.

Communication Process

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Methods of Communication
1. Verbal Communication (By using words)
2. Non Verbal Communication (By without
wording)
3. Body language
Gestures, facial expressions and other
movements etc.

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai
1. Filtering
2. Selective Perspective
3. Information Overload
4. Language
5. Jargon
6. Defensiveness

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

 Downward Communication
Communication that flows downward from a
manager to employees.

 Upward Communication
Communication that flows upward from
employees to manager.

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai

Prepared by Muhammad Waqas Chughtai