INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DEL PUTUMAYO

CIVIL ENGINEERING

NAMES: __________________________ / ________________________ / _______________________ /

_____________________________ / _____________________________ / _________________________________/

LESSON I
HISTORY OF ENGINEERING: GROUP 4.

1. Read and organice the text about “History Of Engineering” from paragraphs 1 to 5.

___________________However formal engineering, as we know it now, appeared in the last part of the XVIII Century
in France with Napoleon Bonaparte, who developed military strategies based on time and motion studies, had to
construct bridges, roads and fortifications, that enabled him to get his conquests. Almost at the same time in England
Civil Engineering came out, which is the oldest engineering branch applied to build edifications and other works that
were necessary for the development of society in peaceful times. Later in 1775, the industrial revolution emerged in this
country, which brought up the invention of machinery for production of goods and transportation, this was
the origin of Mechanical Engineering. One century later, the search for new and better goods gave birth to Chemical
Engineering. At the same time, Electrical Engineering came with the inventions of Thomas Alva Edison in the
United States; and Industrial Engineering based on Frederick W. Taylor theories in the last part of the XIX Century.

(Sin embargo, la ingeniería formal, tal como la conocemos ahora, apareció en la última parte del siglo XVIII en Francia
con Napoleón Bonaparte, quien desarrolló estrategias militares basadas en estudios de tiempo y movimiento, él tuvo que
construir puentes, caminos y fortificaciones, que le permitieron obtener Sus conquistas. Casi al mismo tiempo, en
Inglaterra surgió la Ingeniería Civil, que es la rama de ingeniería más antigua aplicada para construir edificaciones y
otras obras que eran necesarias para el desarrollo de la sociedad en tiempos de paz. Más tarde, en 1775, surgió la
revolución industrial en este país, que planteó la invención de la maquinaria para la producción de bienes y transporte,
este fue el origen de la ingeniería mecánica. Un siglo después, la búsqueda de nuevos y mejores productos dio origen a
la Ingeniería Química. Al mismo tiempo, Ingeniería Eléctrica llegó con los inventos de Thomas Alva Edison en los Estados
Unidos; e Ingeniería industrial basada en las teorías de Frederick W. Taylor en la última parte del siglo XIX)

_________________Nevertheless, the above stated, man is still facing great challenges and problems such as
overpopulation, lackness of food, the damages to the environment, new and unknown sicknesses, etc., which will give
birth to new and better improvements in the engineering of tomorrow.
(Sin embargo, como se mencionó anteriormente, el hombre aún enfrenta grandes desafíos y problemas, como la
sobrepoblación, la falta de alimentos, los daños al medio ambiente, las enfermedades nuevas y desconocidas, etc., que
darán lugar a nuevas y mejores mejoras en la ingeniería del mañana)

_________________Since the early times of mankind, man has been searching for a better living and it is due to his
spirit for fighting that he has gone a long way in Engineering. In this manner the wheel appeared as one of the engineering
achievements of primitive man.

(Desde los primeros tiempos de la humanidad, el hombre ha estado buscando una vida mejor y es debido a su
espíritu de lucha, el gran avance que ha tenido en la ingeniería. De esta manera, la rueda apareció como uno
de los logros de ingeniería del hombre primitivo)

__________________Nowadays, Engineering has a multitude of branches in several specialized fields and it has been
developing very fastly. Everyday new and sophisticated equipments seek to help man in his struggle for making a more
happy and lasting life. Some examples of this are the great communication systems by satellite, the atomic energy,
computers, solar energy utilization, the great space ships, biomedical Engineering, the submarine train that connects Great
Britain with Europe, and so on. All these engineering works have been possible thanks to the spirit that man has within
himself and moves him to obtain the best from his intelligence.
 (Hoy en día, la ingeniería tiene una gran cantidad de ramas en varios campos especializados y se ha desarrollado muy
rápidamente. Todos los días, equipos nuevos y sofisticados buscan ayudar al hombre en su lucha por hacer una vida
más feliz y duradera. Algunos ejemplos de esto son los grandes sistemas de comunicación por satélite, la energía
atómica, las computadoras, la utilización de la energía solar, las grandes naves espaciales, la ingeniería biomédica, el
tren submarino que conecta Gran Bretaña con Europa, etc. Todas estas obras de ingeniería han sido posibles gracias
al espíritu que el hombre tiene dentro de sí mismo y lo impulsa a obtener lo mejor de su inteligencia)

________________Some of the first evidences of engineering works were the Great Egyptian Pyramids in the third
century b.C., other works of the time are the Great Chinese Rampart and constructions, roads and hydraulic works
of Babylon. Some centuries later, the architectural works and roads from Greeks and Romans, the magnificent Gothic
cathedrals in Europe in the Middle Ages from XIII to XVI centuries and the Incan and Mayan pyramids and aqueducts
in America probably built between the X and XV centuries are beautiful examples of the above stated.
(Algunas de las primeras evidencias de obras de ingeniería fueron las Grandes Pirámides egipcias en el siglo III aC,
otras obras de la época son la Gran Muralla China y construcciones, caminos y obras hidráulicas de Babilonia. Algunos
siglos después, las obras arquitectónicas y los caminos de los griegos y romanos, las magníficas catedrales góticas de
Europa en la Edad Media de los siglos XIII a XVI y las pirámides y acueductos incas y mayas en América, probablemente
construidas entre los siglos X y XV, son ejemplos hermosos. de lo expuesto anteriormente)

2. Vocabulary: Look for the word in Spanish.

Word Spanish Sentence in Simple Present.
And so on

Based on Marriage is based on mutual respect.

Better living
Give birth to

Is due

Middle Ages

Such as

Thanks to

3. Share with your classmates the vocabulary that was assigned to your group. Look for its pronunciation,
translation and an example of a sentence in Simple Presente with that word.
4.- EXERCISES
Fill the blanks with the proper words to complete the sentences:
1.- Some of the branches of engineering are _ , , , and _______ .
2.- The industrial revolution happened in ___ in 1775.
3.- Frederick W. Taylor developed ___ engineering in the last part of XIX Century.
4.- The ___ ____ connects Great Britain with Europe.
5.- The ________ of food is one of the problems, man is facing now.
 5.- QUESTIONS
1.- What was an engineering work of primitive man?
2.- State some evidences of the first engineering works.
3.- When did formal engineering appear?
4.- Name some of the works Napoleon Bonaparte made to get his conquests.
5.- What is the oldest engineering branch?
6.- What was the origin of Mechanical Engineering?
7.- What was the origin of Chemical Engineering?
8.- How did Electrical Engineering appear?
9.- What was Industrial Engineering based on?
10.- Describe some of the latest engineering works.
11.- State some of the challenges of the engineering of tomorrow.

6.- COGNATES
Identify 10 words in English (cognates), that are written very similarly to those in Spanish in the reading “History
of Engineering” of the lesson. Then, write a sentence with that word using the Simple Present.
example: Mathematics. / Some students like mathematics and others don't.